Bileća Билећа | |
|---|---|
Town andmunicipality | |
 Bileća lake | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
 Location of Bileća within Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
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| Coordinates:42°52′30″N18°25′40″E / 42.87500°N 18.42778°E /42.87500; 18.42778 | |
| Country |  Bosnia and Herzegovina |
| Entity |  Republika Srpska |
| Geographicalregion | Herzegovina |
| Settlements | 61 (2013.) |
| Government | |
| • Municipal mayor | Miodrag Parežanin (SNSD) |
| • Municipality | 632.33 km2 (244.14 sq mi) |
| Population (2013 census) | |
| • Town | 8,220 |
| • Municipality | 10,807 |
| • Municipality density | 17.091/km2 (44.265/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Area code | 59 |
| Website | opstinabileca |
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Bileća (Serbian Cyrillic:Билећа) is a town and municipality inRepublika Srpska,Bosnia and Herzegovina. As of 2013, the town has a population of 7,476 inhabitants, while the municipality has 10,807 inhabitants.
The first traces of civilization in Bileća date from theNeolithic period, although archaeological sites are insufficiently explored.
During theMiddle Ages, Bileća was located on the border with thežupa of Vrm and the nearbyVlachnecropolis, and was often mentioned as an important crossroad location for caravans on the route fromDubrovnik toNikšić andKljuč, near Gacko.[1][2] The town became part of theBosnian state for the first time in 1373, after the defeat ofNikola Altomanović,[3] but the first mention of the town under its present name was from 25 January 1387, while it was also mentioned asBilechia in 1438.[2] A document dated from 8 September 1388 mentions that the army of the dukeVlatko Vuković defeated theTurkish army at theBattle of Bileća.
The period from the 13th to the 16th century was marked by the building of a large number ofstećci. There were 1724stećak monoliths recorded in Bileća area during the 1970s, with later research suggesting a higher number.[4] Grebenice-Bunčići site of stećak monuments nearBaljci is included in the UNESCO World Heritage list.[5]
Bileća was held by the Turks from 1466, although it was a rebellious area that was difficult to control. DuringHerzegovina Uprising one of the crucial battles occurred in July 1876 about 6km east of Bileća. Led byPrince Nikola, joint forces of Montenegrin and Herzegovian battalions defeated the Turks in theBattle of Vučji Do, forcing them to withdraw towardsTrebinje.[6]
TheCongress of Berlin in 1878 included Bileća in theAustro-Hungarian Empire, which brought economic development to the region. The first primary school in Bileća was opened in 1880.[4]
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Aside from the town of Bileća, the municipality includes the following settlements:
| Population of settlements – Bileća municipality | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Settlement | 1948. | 1953. | 1961. | 1971. | 1981. | 1991. | 2013. | |
| Total | 13,531 | 14.026 | 14,125 | 13,444 | 13,199 | 13,284 | 10,807 | |
| 1 | Baljci | 417 | 293 | |||||
| 2 | Bileća | 1,270 | 1,563 | 2,491 | 4,033 | 5,763 | 7,568 | 7,476 |
| 3 | Podosoje | 971 | 1,055 | |||||
According to the 1910 census, the absolute majority in the Bileća municipality were Orthodox Christians (82.27%). According to theKingdom of Yugoslavia 1931 population census, the majority was held byOrthodox Christians at81.27%.
| Ethnic composition – Bileća town | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013. | 1991. | 1981. | 1971. | ||||
| Total | 7,616 (100,0%) | 7,568 (100,0%) | 5,763 (100,0%) | 4,033 (100,0%) | |||
| Serbs | 7,500 (98,5%) | 5,619 (74,25%) | 3,882 (67,36%) | 2,810 (69,68%) | |||
| Bosniaks | 7 (0,1%) | 1,290 (17,05%) | 841 (14,59%) | 828 (20,53%) | |||
| Others | 90 (1,2%) | 411 (5,431%) | 26 (0,451%) | 36 (0,893%) | |||
| Yugoslavs | 209 (2,762%) | 651 (11,30%) | 64 (1,587%) | ||||
| Croats | 19 (0,2%) | 39 (0,515%) | 42 (0,729%) | 82 (2,033%) | |||
| Montenegrins | 286 (4,963%) | 190 (4,711%) | |||||
| Macedonians | 23 (0,399%) | 14 (0,347%) | |||||
| Albanians | 7 (0,121%) | 1 (0,025%) | |||||
| Slovenes | 5 (0,087%) | 8 (0,198%) | |||||
| Ethnic composition – Bileća municipality | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013. | 1991. | 1981. | 1971. | ||||
| Total | 10,807 (100,0%) | 13,284 (100,0%) | 13,199 (100,0%) | 13,444 (100,0%) | |||
| Serbs | 10,646 (98,51%) | 10,628 (80,01%) | 10,190 (77,20%) | 10,880 (80,93%) | |||
| Others | 114 (1,055%) | 448 (3,372%) | 34 (0,258%) | 50 (0,372%) | |||
| Bosniaks | 26 (0,241%) | 1,947 (14,66%) | 1,803 (13,66%) | 2,079 (15,46%) | |||
| Croats | 21 (0,194%) | 39 (0,294%) | 44 (0,333%) | 82 (0,610%) | |||
| Yugoslavs | 222 (1,671%) | 773 (5,857%) | 69 (0,513%) | ||||
| Montenegrins | 317 (2,402%) | 261 (1,941%) | |||||
| Macedonians | 24 (0,182%) | 14 (0,104%) | |||||
| Albanians | 8 (0,061%) | 1 (0,007%) | |||||
| Slovenes | 6 (0,045%) | 8 (0,060%) | |||||
The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in professional fields per their core activity (as of 2018):[7]
| Professional field | Total |
|---|---|
| Agriculture, forestry and fishing | 2 |
| Mining and quarrying | 1 |
| Manufacturing | 377 |
| Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply | 78 |
| Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities | 107 |
| Construction | 195 |
| Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles | 267 |
| Transportation and storage | 86 |
| Accommodation and food services | 81 |
| Information and communication | 25 |
| Financial and insurance activities | 18 |
| Real estate activities | - |
| Professional, scientific and technical activities | 22 |
| Administrative and support service activities | 4 |
| Public administration and defense; compulsory social security | 225 |
| Education | 193 |
| Human health and social work activities | 80 |
| Arts, entertainment and recreation | 42 |
| Other service activities | 31 |
| Total | 1,834 |
The local football clubFK Hercegovac has spent one season in the country's second tier —First League of the Republika Srpska.
| Climate data for Bileća (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.9 (48.0) | 10.2 (50.4) | 14.3 (57.7) | 16.7 (62.1) | 21.1 (70.0) | 26.7 (80.1) | 28.1 (82.6) | 30.6 (87.1) | 25.6 (78.1) | 17.6 (63.7) | 13.8 (56.8) | 9.1 (48.4) | 18.6 (65.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.8 (38.8) | 4.9 (40.8) | 7.9 (46.2) | 11.4 (52.5) | 16.1 (61.0) | 20.8 (69.4) | 23.2 (73.8) | 23.2 (73.8) | 17.7 (63.9) | 13.3 (55.9) | 8.9 (48.0) | 4.8 (40.6) | 13.0 (55.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.5 (31.1) | −0.5 (31.1) | 2.8 (37.0) | 5.3 (41.5) | 9.6 (49.3) | 13.2 (55.8) | 15.3 (59.5) | 15.3 (59.5) | 11.8 (53.2) | 7.5 (45.5) | 4.2 (39.6) | 0.2 (32.4) | 7.0 (44.6) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 147.8 (5.82) | 149.8 (5.90) | 133.5 (5.26) | 120.3 (4.74) | 99.8 (3.93) | 76.8 (3.02) | 53.5 (2.11) | 58.1 (2.29) | 125.1 (4.93) | 179.0 (7.05) | 224.2 (8.83) | 198.5 (7.81) | 1,566.3 (61.67) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 9.8 | 9.9 | 9.5 | 9.7 | 9.5 | 7.6 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 8.0 | 9.4 | 11.1 | 11.2 | 106.2 |
| Source:NOAA[8] | |||||||||||||
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