Indo-Pakistani mutually-agreed undisputed"International Border" (IB) in the black line, Indo-Pakistani"Line of Control" (LoC) in black dotted line in the north and west, Indo-Sino"Line of Actual" (LAC) in black dotted line in the east, Indo-Pakistani line across Siachen in north is"Actual Ground Position Line" (AGPL). The areas shown in green are the two Pakistani-controlled areas: Gilgit–Baltistan in the north and Azad Kashmir in the south. The area shown in orange is the Indian-controlled territories of Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh, and the diagonally-hatched area to the east is the Chinese-controlled area known as Aksai Chin."Territories ceded by Pakistan to China claimed by India" in the north is Shaksgam (Trans-Karakoram Tract).United Nations map of Siachen Glacier showing"Point NJ980420" (Point NJ9842) as starting point of"Actual Ground Position Line" (AGPL), Goma military camp of Pakistan,Nubra River valley and Siachen glaciers held by India; Bilafond La and Sia La north of NJ9842 are also held by India. Masherbrum Range, Baltoro Glacier, Baltoro Glacier, Baltoro Muztagh and K2 are held by Pakistan.
TheSaltoro Mountains Range, of which western slopes are held by Pakistan and separated by theActual Ground Position Line (AGPL) the higher peaks and passes are held by India all of which remain snowbound throughout the year, provides access toSiachen Glacier to its east through five passes, i.e., listed from south to north areChulung La (5,800m),Yarma La (6,100m),Gyong La (5,640m), Bilafond La (6,160m) - also called Saltoro La, andSia La (7,300m).[4] Bilafond La was a prominent feature during the 1984 start of military action in theSiachen Conflict between India and Pakistan. TheIndian Army captured the pass in 1984 along withSia La to the north and, in 1987,Gyong La to the south.[2] India currently maintains a fortified military base at Bilafond La.[5]
^abWirsing, Robert (15 November 1991).Pakistan's security under Zia, 1977-1988: the policy imperatives of a peripheral Asian state. Palgrave Macmillan, 1991.ISBN978-0-312-06067-1.
Close C; Burrard S; Younghusband F; et al. (1930). "Nomenclature in the Karakoram: Discussion".The Geographical Journal.76 (2). The Geographical Journal, Vol. 76, No. 2:148–158.Bibcode:1930GeogJ..76..148C.doi:10.2307/1783980.JSTOR1783980.
"A Slow Thaw".Time. 7 November 2005. Archived fromthe original on 11 September 2005. Retrieved26 April 2010.
