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Nasal bilabial click

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(Redirected fromBilabial nasal click)
Consonantal sound
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(January 2025)
Nasal bilabial velar click
ŋʘ ŋɋ
ᵑʘ ᵑɋ
ʘ̃ ɋ̃
Audio sample
Nasal bilabial uvular click
ɴʘ ɴɋ
ᶰʘ ᶰɋ
Main articles:Bilabial click andnasal click

Abilabial nasal click is aclick consonant found in some of the languages of southern Africa. The symbol in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet for a nasal bilabial click with avelar rear articulation is ⟨ŋ͡ʘ⟩ or ⟨ŋ͜ʘ⟩, commonly abbreviated to ⟨ŋʘ⟩, ⟨ᵑʘ⟩ or ⟨ʘ̃⟩. For a click with auvular rear articulation, the equivalents are ⟨ɴ͡ʘ,ɴ͜ʘ,ɴʘ,ᶰʘ⟩.Sometimes the accompanying letter comes after the click letter, e.g. ⟨ʘŋ⟩ or ⟨ʘᵑ⟩; this may be a simple orthographic choice, or it may imply a difference in the relative timing of the releases.[1]

Features

[edit]

Features of a bilabial nasal click:

  • Theairstream mechanism islingual ingressive (also known as velaric ingressive), which means a pocket of air trapped between two closures is rarefied by a "sucking" action of the tongue, rather than being moved by theglottis or thelungs/diaphragm. The release of the forward closure produces the "click" sound. Voiced and nasal clicks have a simultaneouspulmonic egressive airstream.
  • Itsplace of articulation isbilabial, which means it is articulated with bothlips.
  • Itsphonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
  • It is anasal consonant, which means air is exclusively allowed to escape through the nose for nasal stops; otherwise, in addition to through the mouth.

Occurrence

[edit]

Bilabial nasal clicks only occur in theTuu andKx'a families of southern Africa, in the Australian ritual languageDamin, and for /mw/ in some of the languages neighboring Shona, such as at least for some speakers ofNdau andTonga.

LanguageWordIPAMeaning
Daminm!ii[ᵑʘiː]'vegetable'
Tongakumwa[kʼuᵑʘwa]'to drink'
Ndaumwana[ᵑʘwana]'child'

Glottalized bilabial nasal click

[edit]
Glottalized
bilabial nasal click
ʘ̃ˀ
ʘ̃ʔ
ᵑʘˀ
ᵑ̊ʘˀ
Main article:Glottalized click

The Tuu and Kx'a languages also have glottalized nasal clicks. These are formed by closing theglottis so that the click is pronounced in silence; however, any preceding vowel will be nasalized.

LanguageWordIPAMeaning

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Afrika und Übersee. D. Reimer. 2005. pp. 93–94.
IPA topics
IPA
Special topics
Encodings
Pulmonic consonants
PlaceLabialCoronalDorsalLaryngeal
MannerBi­labialLabio­dentalLinguo­labialDentalAlveolarPost­alveolarRetro­flexPalatalVelarUvularPharyn­geal/epi­glottalGlottal
Nasalmɱ̊ɱn̪̊nn̠̊ɳ̊ɳɲ̊ɲŋ̊ŋɴ̥ɴ
Plosivepbtdʈɖcɟkɡqɢʡʔ
Sibilantaffricatet̪s̪d̪z̪tsdzt̠ʃd̠ʒ
Non-sibilant affricatep̪fb̪vt̪θd̪ðtɹ̝̊dɹ̝t̠ɹ̠̊˔d̠ɹ̠˔ɟʝkxɡɣɢʁʡʜʡʢʔh
Sibilantfricativeszʃʒʂʐɕʑ
Non-sibilant fricativeɸβfvθ̼ð̼θðθ̠ð̠ɹ̠̊˔ɹ̠˔ɻ̊˔ɻ˔çʝxɣχʁħʕhɦ
Approximantβ̞ʋð̞ɹɹ̠ɻjɰʁ̞ʔ̞
Tap/flapⱱ̟ɾ̼ɾ̥ɾɽ̊ɽɢ̆ʡ̮
Trillʙ̥ʙrɽ̊r̥ɽrʀ̥ʀʜʢ
Lateral affricatetꞎd𝼅c𝼆ɟʎ̝k𝼄ɡʟ̝
Lateral fricativeɬ̪ɬɮ𝼅𝼆ʎ̝𝼄ʟ̝
Lateral approximantlɭ̊ɭʎ̥ʎʟ̥ʟʟ̠
Lateral tap/flapɺ̥ɺ𝼈̊𝼈ʎ̮ʟ̆

Symbols to the right in a cell arevoiced, to the left arevoiceless.Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

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