Bijnor district | |
|---|---|
 Sahanpur Fort | |
 Location of Bijnor district in Uttar Pradesh | |
| Country | India |
| State | Uttar Pradesh |
| Division | Moradabad |
| Headquarters | Bijnor |
| Area | |
• Total | 4,049 km2 (1,563 sq mi) |
| Population (2011)[1] | |
• Total | 3,682,713 |
| • Density | 909.5/km2 (2,356/sq mi) |
| Demographics | |
| • Literacy | 70.43% |
| • Sex ratio | 917 |
| Time zone | UTC+05:30 (IST) |
| Website | http://bijnor.nic.in/ |
Bijnor district (Hindi pronunciation:[bɪd͡ʒ.n̪ɔːɾ]) is one of the 75districts in the state ofUttar Pradesh inIndia.Bijnor city is the district headquarters. The government ofNagar Palika Parishad Bijnor Uttar Pradesh seeks its inclusion inNational Capital Region (NCR) due to its close proximity toNCT ofDelhi.[2]
Bijnor is notable for its sugarcane production and sugar mills, with two of the top five sugar mills of India situated in the district.[3]
Bijnor district was created in 1817 out of part ofMoradabad district, and it was originally calledNagina district after its headquarters atNagina.[4] The headquarters was relocated to Bijnor in 1824, although the district was still called "Nagina district" until 1837, when it officially became known as Bijnor district.[4]
In 1399, the district was ravaged byTimur. Later, during the time ofAkbar, Bijnor was part of hisMughal Empire. In the early 18th century, theRohillaPashtuns established their independence in the area called by theRohilkhand. Around 1748, the Rohilla chiefAli Mohammed Khan made his first annexations in Bijnor, the rest of which soon fell under the Rohilla domination. The northern districts were granted byAli Mohammed Khan to Khurshid Ahmed Baig, who gradually extended his influence west of theGanges and atDelhi, receiving the title ofNajib-ud-daula with the position of the paymaster of the Mughal forces.Marathas invaded Bijnor who was also instigated by enemies of Rohillas, leading to several battles. Rohilla chief, Najib, who sided withAhmad Shah Abdali inPanipat, was made vizier of the empire.[5]
In 1772 theNawab of Oudh made a treaty with theRohillas, to expel theMarathas in return for a money payment.Nawab of Oudh carried out his part of the bargain, but the Rohilla chieftains refused to pay. In 1774 the Nawab concluded with theEast India Company government ofCalcutta atreaty of alliance, and he then called upon the British, in accordance with its terms, to supply a brigade to assist him in enforcing his claims against the Rohillas. This was done; in theRohilla War, the Rohillas were driven beyond the Ganges to the east, and Bijnor was incorporated in the territories of the nawab, who in the same year (1774) ceded it to theBritish East India Company. During therebellion of 1857, Bijnor was occupied by the Nawab ofNajibabad, a grandson ofZabita Khan, on 1 June. TheBarha Sayyids of Bijnor, who were hereditary enemies of the Rohillas, threw their hat in their lot with the Rohillas Pashtuns and fought on their side almost to the last man during the rebellion.[6] In spite of fighting between theHindus and the Muslim Pashtuns, theNawab succeeded in maintaining his position until 21 April 1858, when he was defeated by the British atNagina.[5]
Bijnor, or more correctly Bijnaur, occupies the north-west corner of theMoradabad Division (historically,Rohilkhand or Bareilly region).The western boundary is formed throughout by the deep stream of the river Ganges, beyond which lie the four districts ofHaridwar, Saharanpur, Muzaffarnagar, and Meerut. To the north and north-east in the hill country ofGarhwal, the dividing line being the submontane road, which runs from Haridwar along the foot of the Himalayas toRamnagar, Nainital,Haldwani, andTanakpur. This road, popularly known as the Kandi Sadak, belongs throughout its length to Garhwal, the transfer having taken place a few years since. On the east the Phika river for the greater part of its course constitutes the boundary, separating this district from Nainital and Moradabad, as far as its junction with the Ramganga; and to the south lie the Thakurdwara Tehsil of Moradabad. Amroha and Hasanpur tahsils of Amroha District. The boundary being conventional and undetermined by natural features. The extreme parallels of north latitude are 29° 2' and 29° 58' and of east longitude 78° 0' and 78° 57' from Lalitpur, the most northerly point, to koti Rao in the furthest eastern corner the distance in 56 miles (90 km); and from Koti Rao to Kamharia in the south-westerly angle 57 miles (92 km); and from Kamharia to Lalitpur 62 miles (100 km). The total area of the district is liable to change slightly from time to time by reason of the erratic action of the Ganges and Ramganga: In 1906 it amounted to 1,145,272 acres (1,789.488 sq mi; 4,634.75 km2), the average for the last five years being 1,147,967 acres (1,793.698 sq mi; 4,645.66 km2).
There remains the low fringe of Khadir along the Ganges to the west. This generally resembles the lowlands that skirt the rivers of the interior, the low flats which adjoin the stream itself being purely alluvial in character, while above them rises a terrace of higher ground extending inland as far as the chain of stagnantmorasses lying immediately under thebangar cliff.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1901 | 776,308 | — |
| 1911 | 802,166 | +0.33% |
| 1921 | 736,765 | −0.85% |
| 1931 | 831,403 | +1.22% |
| 1941 | 905,793 | +0.86% |
| 1951 | 979,406 | +0.78% |
| 1961 | 1,184,306 | +1.92% |
| 1971 | 1,480,734 | +2.26% |
| 1981 | 1,927,023 | +2.67% |
| 1991 | 2,454,521 | +2.45% |
| 2001 | 3,131,619 | +2.47% |
| 2011 | 3,682,713 | +1.63% |
| source:[7] | ||
According to the2011 census Bijnor district has apopulation of 3,682,713,[8][1] roughly equal to the nation ofLiberia[9] or the US state ofOklahoma.[10] This gives it a ranking of 74th in India (out of a total of640).[8] The district has a population density of 808 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,090/sq mi).[8] Itspopulation growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 17.64%.[8] Bijnor has asex ratio of 913females for every 1000 males,[8] and aliteracy rate of 70.43%. 25.13% of the population lived in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 21.38% and 0.08% of the population respectively.[8]
| Religion | Percent | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hinduism | 55.18% | |||
| Islam | 43.04% | |||
| Sikhism | 1.37% | |||
| Others† | 0.41% | |||
| Distribution of religions †IncludesJains (0.17%),Christians (0.17%),Buddhists (<0.05%). | ||||
Majority of the people of the district followHinduism followed closely by adherents ofIslam.Sikhism is followed by a little more than one per cent of the population.Jainism,Christianity andBuddhism have small number of adherents.[11]
| Tehsil | Hindus | Muslims | Others |
|---|---|---|---|
| Najibabad | 48.44% | 50.37% | 1.19% |
| Bijnor | 63.46% | 35.66% | 0.88% |
| Nagina | 50.73% | 46.10% | 3.17% |
| Dhampur | 54.99% | 42.93% | 2.08% |
| Chandpur | 58.15% | 40.14% | 1.71% |
Hindi andUrdu are the official languages.[13] At the time of the2011 Census of India, 76.33% of the population of the district spokeHindi, 22.53%Urdu and 0.96%Punjabi as their first language.[12]
TheMember of Parliament fromBijnor Lok Sabha constituency isChandan Chauhan, since 4 June 2024. He representsRashtriya Lok Dal.[14]
Najibabad,Chandpur,Noorpur,Dhampur,Nagina (reserved),Bijnor,Barhapur,Nehtaur (Reserved)
Bijnor district has a vastsugar industry with total nine sugar mills of which Dhampur mill and Bundki mill are among India's top sugar mills. Approximately 2.09 lakh hectares of land is dedicated to sugarcane farming.[3]
Bijnor Urad Chawal is a notable rice-based dish of the region. It is served in special occasions like marriage.[15]
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bijnor".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 928–929.Liberia 3,786,764 July 2011 est.
Oklahoma 3,751,351
Places adjacent to Bijnor district | ||||||||||||||||
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29°25′N78°31′E / 29.417°N 78.517°E /29.417; 78.517
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