| Overview | |
|---|---|
| Games of the XXXII Olympiad XVI Paralympic Games | |
| Winner:Tokyo Runner-up:Istanbul Shortlist:Madrid | |
| Details | |
| Committee | IOC |
| Election venue | Buenos Aires 125th IOC Session |
| Map of the bidding cities | |
  | |
| Important dates | |
| Bid | 1 September 2011 |
| Decision | 7 September 2013 |
| Decision | |
| Winner | Tokyo (60 votes) |
| Runner-up | Istanbul (36 votes) |
There were six bids initially submitted for the2020 Summer Olympics.[1]Tokyo was ultimately elected as the host city at the125th IOC Session inBuenos Aires,Argentina, on 7 September 2013.[2]
The Olympic bidding process begins with the submission of a city's application to theInternational Olympic Committee (IOC) by itsNational Olympic Committee (NOC) and ends with the election of the host city by the members of the IOC during an ordinary session. The process is governed by theOlympic Charter, as stated in Chapter 5, Rule 34.[3]
Since 1999, the process has consisted of two phases. During the first phase, which begins immediately after the bid submission deadline, the "applicant cities" are required to answer a questionnaire covering themes of importance to a successful Games organization. This information allows the IOC to analyze the cities' hosting capacities and the strengths and weaknesses of their plans. Following a detailed study of the submitted questionnaires and ensuing reports, the IOC Executive Board selects the cities that are qualified to proceed to the next phase. The second phase is the true candidature stage: the accepted applicant cities (from now on referred to as "candidate cities") are required to submit a second questionnaire in the form of an extended, more detailed, candidature file.[4] These files are carefully studied by the IOC Evaluation Commission, a group composed of IOC members, representatives ofinternational sport federations, NOCs, athletes, theInternational Paralympic Committee, and international experts in various fields.[5] It is chaired by SirCraig Reedie. The members of the Evaluation Commission then make four-day inspection visits to each of the candidate cities, where they check the proposed venues and are briefed about details of the themes covered in the candidature file. The Evaluation Commission communicates the results of its inspections in a report sent to the IOC members up to one month before the electing IOC Session.[4]
The IOC Session in which a host city is elected takes place in a country that did not submit an application to stage the Olympics.[4] The election is made by the assembled active IOC members (excluding honorary and honor members), each possessing one vote. Members from countries that have a city taking part in the election cannot vote while the city is in the running. The voting is conducted in a succession of rounds until one bid achieves anabsolute majority of votes; if this does not happen in the first round, the bid with the fewest votes is eliminated and another voting round begins. In the case of a tie for the lowest number of votes, a special runoff vote is carried out, with the winner proceeding to the next round. After each round, the eliminated bid is announced.[6][7] Following the announcement of the host city, the successful bid delegation signs the "Host City Contract" with the IOC, which delegates the responsibilities of the Games organisation to the city and respective NOC.[8]
The timeline of the host city selection process was approved by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) executive board as follows:[9][10]
Six cities were put forward by their respectiveNational Olympic Committees (NOCs) to apply to host the Games initially, but Rome withdrew its bid shortly before the applicant files were due.[17] The bidding cities come from two continents, Europe and Asia (Istanbul is considered to be located on the border between Asia and Europe). In 2020 it will be twelve years since an Asian city hosted the Summer Olympics (Beijing 2008) and eight years since a European city hosted the Summer Olympics (London 2012). Out of the six bidders, Tokyo had previously hosted the Summer Olympic Games in1964. The other four bidders have made bids in the past. It is the first time in 20 years that no city in the Americas bid to host the Summer Olympic Games.Rio de Janeiro was awarded the2016 Summer Olympics. Baku and Doha bid for the 2016 Games but failed to become candidate cities, while Tokyo and Madrid also bid for the 2016 Games and became candidate cities.
| Criteria | Istanbul | Tokyo | Baku | Doha | Madrid | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 TUR |  JPN |  AZE |  QAT |  ESP | ||||||
| Min | Max | Min | Max | Min | Max | Min | Max | Min | Max | |
| Games concept and competition venues | 6.0 | 8.0 | 7.0 | 9.0 | 4.0 | 7.0 | 5.5 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 |
| Olympic village(s) | 6.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 5.0 | 8.0 | 7.0 | 9.5 | 7.0 | 9.0 |
| International broadcast centre / media press centre | 6.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 9.0 | 6.0 | 9.0 |
| Sports experience | 5.5 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 3.5 | 5.5 | 5.0 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 8.5 |
| Environment and meteorology | 5.0 | 7.0 | 5.5 | 8.0 | 4.0 | 7.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 7.5 | 9.0 |
| Accommodation | 6.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 10.0 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 |
| Transport | 5.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 4.0 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 |
| Medical services and doping control | 7.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 |
| Safety and security | 6.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 9.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 |
| Telecommunications | 6.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 |
| Energy | 6.0 | 8.0 | 5.0 | 8.0 | 4.0 | 5.5 | 7.0 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 |
| Legal aspects, customs, immigration formalities | 7.0 | 9.0 | 7.0 | 9.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 | 9.0 |
| Government and public support | 8.0 | 9.0 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 7.0 | 9.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 7.0 | 9.0 |
| Finance and marketing | 6.0 | 8.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 5.0 | 8.0 |
The IOC voted to select the host city of the 2020 Summer Olympics on 7 September 2013 at the125th IOC Session at theBuenos Aires Hilton inBuenos Aires,Argentina. Anexhaustive ballot system was used. No city won over 50% of the votes in the first round, and Madrid and Istanbul were tied for second place. A run-off vote between these two cities was held to determine which would be eliminated. In the final vote, a head-to-head contest between Tokyo and Istanbul, Tokyo was selected at 20:20UTC (5:20 pm Buenos Aires time, 5:20 am Tokyo Time 8 September 2013) by 60 votes to 36 votes.
| City | Team | Round 1 | Runoff | Round 2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tokyo | Japan | 42 | — | 60 |
| Istanbul | Turkey | 26 | 49 | 36 |
| Madrid | Spain | 26 | 45 | — |
The candidate cities for the 2020 Olympics were, in order of drawing lots:[20]
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It was announced at the 1 September 2011 deadline for bidding thatBaku had submitted a bid to host the 2020 Olympics.[27] Baku submitted their application file to the IOC on 1 February 2012.[28] TheNational Assembly of Azerbaijan voted to endorse the bid in February 2012.[29] Baku hosted the2015 European Games.
On 26 August 2011,Doha announced that it was bidding for the 2020 Games.[30][31]
Doha hosted the2006 Asian Games and the2011 Pan Arab Games. In 2010, Qatar was selected to host the2022 FIFA World Cup. Several stadiums will be located in Doha. The country also hosted the1988 and2011 AFC Asian Cups.
Rome was nominated by theItalian National Olympic Committee on 19 May 2010. Italy's capital city was chosen overVenice as the country's bid for the 2020 Games.[32][33]
Rome previously hosted the Summer Olympics in1960 and was chosen to host the1908 Summer Olympics, but was relocated toLondon due to the 1906 eruption ofMount Vesuvius. It bid to host the2004 Games but lost toAthens in the final round of voting. Rome hosted the2009 World Aquatics Championships as well as the1990 FIFA World Cup Final. Italy previously hosted the2006 Winter Olympics inTurin and the1956 Winter Olympics inCortina d'Ampezzo. Italy will also host the2026 Winter Olympics via a joint bid betweenMilan and Cortina d’Ampezzo.
However the Rome municipal administration withdrew its support from the bid on the eve of the delivery of the application files, stating that it would not be a responsible use of money in "Italy's current condition."[34]
The following cities had proposed bidding; however, they did not bid or even formally announce their intentions to bid. Those cities that won the bid for the next Olympics do include:Paris, France, was eventually selected to host the2024 Olympic Games, as France pulled out of the 2020 bid following the defeat ofAnnecy'sbid for the2018 Winter Olympics. 2024 will coincide with the 100th anniversary of the1924 Olympics which were held in the French capital.[35] Various cities in the United States were interested in bidding, but the USOC confirmed that the US would not bid, citing an ongoing dispute with the IOC.[36][37] The IOC stated that it would like to have received a bid for 2020 from the United States.[38] On 29 August 2011, it was revealed thatLas Vegas submitted a bid to the IOC without USOC consent. The IOC rejected the bid. Nearby Los Angeles inCalifornia who hosted the1932 Summer Olympics and the1984 Summer Olympics will host the2028 Summer Olympics.[39]
In Germany,Berlin, after it had hosted the cancelled Olympics due to World War I in 1916, then another one in 1936, it had failed the bidding in 2000 and 2020.[40] Budapest also bid for both 1916, 1920, 1936, 1944, 1960, 2020 and 2028; but in the end it was not selected.[41]
Kuala Lumpur had started to bid for the 2008 Summer Olympics, but it was not selected in 2001. Then, Kuala Lumpur decided to bid for the future Olympics considering the increasing public transport connectivity with theMass Rapid Transit that is opened in 2017. With the change of governments since 2018, the high-speed rail was cancelled. Instead, Kuala Lumpur would go on to host the128th IOC Session, where the IOC selected the host city for2022 Winter Olympics.[42] At India,Delhi, had the intention to bid for the Olympics, in the end it was not successful.[43][44] Cairo (Egypt), Casablanca (Morocco), Durban (South Africa) and Nairobi (Kenya) had also bid for the Olympics in Africa, which will be the first African city to host if selected. It was announced on 17 August 2011 that South Africa will not put forth a 2020 bid.[45][46][47][48] Otherwise, in Dubai (UAE), it was considering a bid for 2020 Summer Olympics but decided to wait until2024, while the fact is that in the Arab continent, it was the first to host the2022 FIFA World Cup at Qatar.[49] In North America,Guadalajara was not selected andToronto had long considered a bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics, especially after their successful bid for the2015 Pan American Games, but announced on 11 August 2011 that the idea will be dropped due to budgetary restrictions.[50] In Europe,Lisbon has been the first time bidding in the Olympics,[51][52][53] but in Russia, St Petersburg decided not to bid despite having discussed the plan with the head of the Russian Olympic Committee. They withdrew on 22 August 2011, instead planning on bidding for either2024 or2028.[54]Prague was cancelled due to theGreat Recession and the2009 swine flu pandemic.[55]Bucharest also decided not to proceed because the city hall's general counsellors believed the project would be unachievable.[56]
Busan did not put forth the bid followingPyeongchang's successful bid for the2018 Winter Olympics, but instead bid for the future Olympics.[57]
Hobart, Australia, placed a bid for 2020 Summer Olympics but the bid was unsuccessful.[58]
| Games of the XXXII Olympiad | XVI Paralympic Games | Slogan | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tokyo | 24 July - 9 August[59] | 25 August - 6 September | "Discover Tomorrow" |
| Istanbul | 7-23 August[60] | 9-20 September | "Bridge Together" |
| Madrid | 7-23 August[61] | 11-22 September | "Illuminate the Future" |
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)| Summer | |
|---|---|
| Winter | |
| Summer Youth | |
| Winter Youth | |
Future games with bidding process not completed yet are markeditalic 1 – Games handed without bids submitted; 2 – Only one bid submitted; 3 – Bids submitted but no Games celebration; 4 – No bids submitted and no Games celebration  Olympic Games portal | |
| Elected city | |
|---|---|
| Candidate cities | |
| Applicant cities | |
| Cancelled bids | |
