| Bideford | |
|---|---|
 Bideford viewed looking westward across the River Torridge. Bideford Long Bridge is visible on the left | |
 Coat of arms | |
  Bideford Location withinDevon | |
| Population | 18,260 (2021 Census)[1] |
| OS grid reference | SS4426 |
| Civil parish |
|
| District | |
| Shire county | |
| Region | |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | BIDEFORD |
| Postcode district | EX39 |
| Dialling code | 01237 |
| Police | Devon and Cornwall |
| Fire | Devon and Somerset |
| Ambulance | South Western |
| UK Parliament | |
| 51°00′58″N4°12′32″W / 51.016°N 4.209°W /51.016; -4.209 | |
Bideford (/ˈbɪdəfərd/BID-ə-fərd) is a historic port town on the estuary of theRiver Torridge in northDevon,South West England. It is the main town of theTorridgelocal government district.
In ancient records Bideford is recorded asBedeford,Byddyfrod,Bedyford,Bydeford,Bytheford andBiddeford. The etymology of the name means "by the ford,"[3] and records show that, before there was a bridge, there was aford at Bideford where River Torridge isestuarine; and at low tide, it is possible (but not advisable) to cross the river by wading on foot.[4]
Hubba the Dane was said to have attacked Devon in the area around Bideford nearNortham or near Kenwith Castle, and was repelled either byAlfred the Great (849–899) or by the SaxonEarl of Devon.
Themanor of Bideford was recorded in theDomesday Book of 1086 as held at some timein chief fromWilliam the Conqueror by the great Saxon noblemanBrictric, but later held by the king's wifeMatilda of Flanders (c. 1031–1083).[5] There were then 30 villagers, 8 smallholders and 14 slaves in Bideford,[6] within the ancienthundred ofMerton in Devon.[7] According to the account by theContinuator ofWace and others,[8] in his youth Brictric declined the romantic advances of Matilda and his great fiefdom was thereupon seized by her. Whatever the truth of the matter, years later, when she was acting asregent in England for William the Conqueror, she used her authority to confiscate Brictric's lands and threw him into prison, where he died.[9] TheExon Domesday[10] notes that Bideford and nearbyLittleham wereheld atfee farm from the king by Gotshelm, aDevonshire tenant-in-chief of 28 manors and brother ofWalter de Claville.[11] Gotshelm's 28 manors descended to theHonour of Gloucester,[12] as did most of Brictric's.
After the death of Matilda in 1083, Brictric's lands were granted by her eldest son KingWilliam Rufus (1087–1100) toRobert FitzHamon (died 1107),[13] the conqueror ofGlamorgan, whose daughter and sole heiressMaud (or Mabel) FitzHamon brought them to her husbandRobert de Caen, 1st Earl of Gloucester (pre-1100 – 1147), anillegitimate son of Matilda's younger sonKing Henry I (reigned 1100–1135). Thus Brictric's fiefdom became thefeudal barony of Gloucester.[14] The Grenville family held Bideford for many centuries under the overlordship of the feudal barons of Gloucester, which barony was soon absorbed into the Crown, when they becametenants in chief.
SirRichard I de Grenville (d. after 1142) (alias de Grainvilla, de Greinvill, etc.) was one of theTwelve Knights of Glamorgan who served in the Norman Conquest ofGlamorgan under his elder brotherRobert FitzHamon (died 1107), the first Normanfeudal baron of Gloucester andLord of Glamorgan from 1075. He obtained from FitzHamon the lordship ofNeath, Glamorgan, where he builtNeath Castle and in 1129 foundedNeath Abbey. Richard de Grenville was one of three (or four[15]) known sons ofHamo Dapifer (died around 1100)Sheriff of Kent, anAnglo-Norman royal official under both KingWilliam the Conqueror (1066–1087) and his son KingWilliam Rufus (1087–1100). He is by tradition the founder and ancestor of the prominentWestcountry Grenville family ofStowe in the parish ofKilkhampton in Cornwall and of Bideford in Devon.
By tradition Richard de Grenville is said byPrince (died 1723),[16] (apparently followingFuller's Worthies[13]) to have founded Neath Abbey and bestowed upon it all his military acquisitions for its maintenance, and to have
However, according toRound (died 1928) "no proof exists that Richard I de Grenville ever held the manor of Bideford, which was later one of the principal seats of theWest Country Grenville family. It was however certainly one of the constituent manors of theHonour of Gloucester granted by King William Rufus to Robert FitzHamon."[13] Richard de Grenville is known to have held sevenknight's fees from the Honour of Gloucester, granted to him either by his brother FitzHamon or by the latter's son-in-law and heirRobert, 1st Earl of Gloucester (1100–1147). Round supposes instead that the Grenvilles of Bideford and Stowe were descended from a certain "Robert de Grenville" (alias de Grainville, de Grainavilla, etc.) who was a junior witness to Richard's foundation charter of Neath Abbey, and who in the 1166Cartae Baronum return was listed as holding one knight's fee from the Earl of Gloucester, feudal baron of Gloucester. Robert's familial relationship, if any, to Richard is unknown.
A charter was granted in 1272 to Richard V de Grenville byKing Henry III, which created the town's first council.[17] In ancient records Bideford was recorded as aborough; but it only returnedmembers to Parliament during the reigns ofEdward I (1272–1307) andEdward II (1307–1327).
The Grenville family were for many centuries lords of the manor of Bideford and played a major role in the town's development. The monument with an effigy ofSir Thomas Grenville (died 1513) exists inSt Mary's Church. His great-great-grandsonSir Richard Grenville (1542–1591), the captain of theRevenge, was born in themanor house in Bideford, formerly situated on the site of numbers 1–3 Bridge Street. He built himself a new mansion on the quayside in 1585.[18] The family had another seat atStow House,Kilkhampton, nearBude in Cornwall. Grenville played a major role in the transformation of the small fishing port of Bideford in North Devon into what became a significant trading port with the new American colonies, later specialising in tobacco importation. In 1575 he created the Port of Bideford. Grenville was never elected as Mayor of Bideford, preferring instead to support John Salterne in that role, but he was Lord of the Manor, a title held by the Grenvilles since 1126 and finally ceded by his descendants in 1711 to the Town Council he established. On his return fromRoanoke Colony Grenville's shipTigercaptured a Spanish galleon theSanta Maria de San Vicente offBermuda in late August 1585. The Spanish prize was brought into Bideford with riches valued at around 15,000 pounds.[19] Grenville also brought a Native American "Wynganditoian"[20] fromRoanoke Island with him after returning from a voyage to America in 1586. Grenville named this Native American tribesmanRaleigh after his cousin SirWalter Raleigh.[21] Raleigh converted to Christianity and wasbaptised atSaint Mary's Church on 27 March 1588, but died from influenza during his residence in Grenville's house on 2 April 1589.[22] His interment was at the same church five days later.[23] Sir Richard Grenville's great-grandson, Sir John Granville, helped restoreCharles II to the throne, and in 1661 Charles made Sir John Granville Baron Granville of Bideford andEarl of Bath.
During theEnglish Civil War, Bideford stood with theParliamentarians against theRoyalist forces ofCharles I. Following a series of Royalist successes in the South West during 1643, the Parliamentarians withdrew into Bideford and its two small fortresses, one of which wasChudleigh Fort. Here they were besieged. After further Royalist victories it became clear that Bideford would not be relieved, and in August 1643 it was stormed by Royalist forces. Following fierce fighting around the two forts, the town fell.[24]
In 1646, 229 people in the town were killed by the plague.[25] It was suggested that a Spanish vessel laden with wool which docked at the quay may have brought this plague to Bideford, and that it was children playing with the wool who first got infected with the plague. Victims were buried from 8 June 1646 to 18 January the next year.[26] After the revocation of theEdict of Nantes and the expulsion of French Protestants from France a considerable number of them immigrated to Bideford, and they brought a lot of new trades to the town, including silk weaving.[27]
In the 16th century the merchant and ship owner John Strange was born in the town. When he was in his youth, he fell from a cliff yet did not suffer any injury, then later on in his life someone fired an arrow at his forehead, but it did not penetrate his skull, and the only lasting damage was a scar. Once a malicious person tried to throw him over the Long Bridge, the walls of the bridge being very low, but was unexpectedly and luckily interrupted.[28]
TheBideford witch trial in 1682 involved three women, Temperance Lloyd, Mary Trembles and Susannah Edwards, accused ofwitchcraft and which resulted in one of the lasthangings for witchcraft in England.
In 1816 a mob forced their way into Bideford prison to try and break out some of the mob's ringleaders, and soldiers from theRoyal North Devon Yeomanry had to be mustered, and then patrolled the town, where they arrested several members of the mob who were then escorted toExeter.[29] In 1835 the Bideford Poor Law Union was founded; followed by the building, in 1837, of the Bideford workhouse in Meddon Street. The workhouse had a 40-bed infirmary and would later becomeTorridge Hospital and, eventually, a residential building.[30] In 1830 it was reported that 5000 people waved farewell to ships leaving Bideford forNew York City,Montreal, andSt. Andrews (New Brunswick). Between the years 1840 and 1900 2,467 people emigrated to Canada and 248 to the United States aboard ships from Bideford. In 1847 a horse-drawn omnibus taking people to a fair inTorrington fell off Bideford Quay into the River Torridge, and eight people were drowned. The book "Kingsley's County" put the expansion and growth of Bideford down to the publication ofCharles Kingsley's romanceWestward Ho! in 1855. There was an extension of the London and South Western Railway fromBarnstaple in 1856.[17] ThePannier Market opened in 1884. In 1902 the first car arrived in Bideford: it was owned by Dr E.J. Toye, the car being a 4-1/2 hp Benz.[31]
In 1942 American GIs arrived in Bideford. At first they were there to work in radar stations across North Devon and work on experimental things. More American troops began to arrive as the war progressed. Experiments nearby, includingThe Great Panjandrum, were said to be viewed in the area in secret byDwight D. Eisenhower andSir Winston Churchill at the Strand Cinema.[32] In 1943 more Americans arrived as D-day training had begun at beaches across North Devon[33] During the war Bideford Ordnance Experimental Station Depot O-617 was set up to experiment on waterproofing equipment for the D-day landings. The Americans'GI camp was at Bowden Green in Bideford, and had plenty of facilities, including a cinema. There was also a vehicle repair shop off the Kingsley Road, and the Pill was taken over by US forces as well. Because of the sheer number of American soldiers in the area by 1943 theAmerican Red Cross opened a club near Chudleigh Fort in East-the-Water. Bideford had anAuxiliary Unit Patrol at Cleave Mine, the men of this patrol were expected to be the resistance if Britain was invaded.[34] During the war 2700 evacuees were expected in Bideford; a large number of these came and stayed throughout the war. DuringWorld War II a bomb was dropped on a house in Bowden Green and caused substantial damage. Also during the war anRCAF bomber crashed in East the Water; three men were killed and one badly injured. A memorial has been put on theTarka Trail to commemorate this.[35] It is also thought that during the war there was an experimental Royal Navy unit testing a secret petrol pipeline in the river. It is thought that after being rescued in the Bristol Channel, some German airman were brought ashore at Bideford, where they were taken to Bideford Hospital. There was also aPOW camp at Handy Cross.[36] It has been discovered that the Nazis had a map of Bideford in readiness for a possible invasion,[37] also that the Nazis had an aerial picture of the area for intelligence purposes.[38]
The original Long Bridge spanning theRiver Torridge connecting the East and West of the town was said to have been built out of timber in the year 1286. In 1474 the original structure was replaced by the masonry arch bridge seen today.[39] The bridge was built around the timber so people could still use it while construction was taking place, possibly resulting in the 24arches all being of different sizes. A traditional explanation is that each arch was funded by a different localguild, although there are no records to confirm this. Another theory is that the piers of the arches of the bridge were built on naturally existing, and therefore randomly situated, large stones in the river. During the first decade of the 17th century, the bridge trustees were taken to court by the people of Bideford for feasting and seeing plays at the expense of the trust funds. The people won the court case, although it is unclear whether the trustees were forced to resign after the scandal, or whatever else happened to them. In 1790 the bridge was the longest in Devon.[40] In the 1820s there was talk of converting the bridge so that it could be raised and lowered to allow larger boats and ships to pass under it. In 1886 a Ship called 'Edward Birkbeck' launched from a Bideford shipyard hit the bridge, but only caused small damage by knocking some of the stones out. In 1925 another incident took place on the bridge: during the widening of the bridge a lorry came off the side of the bridge and crashed into the River Torridge, and it is believed that both the people in the lorry survived.[41] DuringWorld War II the 10th arch of the bridge was being repaired, and the police asked for ladders and scaffolding to be removed from the bridge to prevent potential invaders climbing up and capturing the bridge. During the war the Home Guard patrolled the bridge.[42] The Bideford Bridge Trust held responsibility for the long bridge right up until the year 1968 when one of the arches of the bridge collapsed. The Department of Transport then took over the bridge. During the rebuilding of that damaged part of the bridge a crane toppled over, and a man was killed. An inspection byDevon County Council in July 2007 revealed problems with the bridge's concrete and structure, so in September 2008 work began on putting in the cathodic protection system which restored the bridge for another 60 years.[39] A sight which many holiday-makers and locals enjoy is seeing thestarlings at dusk, as they roost underneath the bridge.
By the 16th century Bideford had become Britain's third largest port.[43] SirWalter Raleigh landed his first shipment of tobacco here, although, contrary to popular belief, he was not the first to import tobacco to England. Several local roads and a hill have been named after Raleigh.[43] Bideford was heavily involved in the transport ofindentured servants to the New World colonies.[44] Bideford also was heavily involved in the Newfoundland cod trade from the 16th century to the mid-18th century. 28 Bideford vessels with a tonnage of 3860 were involved in this practice in the year 1700.[45] In the years 1706, 1707, 1726 and 1758 fishermen of Bideford sent petitions demanding the building of a fort in Newfoundland to protect them from Native Americans and the French.[46] Bideford also imported large amounts of Irish wool in the 18th century.
Two prominent shipbuilders in Bideford were George Crocker and Richard Chapman: they built a large number of ships. A number of ships have been built in Bideford, including HMSAcorn, an 18-gun sloop launched in 1807; andHMS Mutine,HMS Fairy,HMS Carnation and HMSOntario, which were all 18-gunCruizer-class brig-sloops,HMS Garland andHMS Volage were both 22-gun Royal NavyLaurel-class post ships, and HMSMeda, aharbour defence motor launch was built and launched in the town. Around 150 ships were built between 1840 and 1877 at Higher Cleave Houses in Bideford. The largest wooden ship to be built in Bideford was theSarah Newman, a 1,004-ton full-rigged ship built in 1855.[47] During the 19th century over 815 registered wooden sailing ships were launched on the Torridge, as too were hundreds of unregistered craft. Shipbuilding in the Bideford area declined during the 1890s as shipyards in Britain's industrial regions constructed steel steamships. The last wooden merchant ship launched in the River Torridge was the schoonerPT Harris from the Hubbastone yard of PK Harris & Sons, in 1912.[48]
DuringWorld War II aShoreham-class sloop was namedHMS Bideford, also four sixth-rate ships of the line have been named after the town. Nowadays the only shipbuilding in the area is atAppledore Shipbuilders, which has built civilian ships and ships for theRoyal Navy andIrish Naval Service. Currently ball clay is exported from Bideford toCastellón, Spain[49] and alsoNaantali,Finland;[50] also wood has been exported toWismar, Germany.[51] TheKathleen and May, the last remaining British-built wooden-hull three-masted topsail schooner, is registered in Bideford and was at one time based there.[52] There are also some fishing boats that still operate out of Bideford.
In 1966, Bideford Zoo was built by Mrs K. Tottenham and opened on the 29th May 1966. The original inhabitants included sea lions, bears and raccoons. It finally closed in October 1970. The site is now a housing estate, and the old zoo house known as "Ford House" has now been converted into flats.[citation needed]
This area of North Devon was home to the authorCharles Kingsley, and is where he based his novelWestward Ho!. A small seaside town, named after the book, was built after the book's publication.
Westward Ho!, the only town in the United Kingdom which officially contains anexclamation mark in its name, is approximately three miles (5 km) from Bideford. A statue was erected in honour of Kingsley near the car park ofVictoria Park.
The city ofBiddeford, Maine, in the United States was named after the English town, using the original old English spelling. Also, the town ofBideford in the province ofPrince Edward Island, Canada, is named after the English town, as is the small town ofBideford, New Zealand.
Bideford Black is a unique pigment which was mined for 200 years up until 1969 in Bideford and the surrounding area.[53] The deposits were formed 350 million years ago during theCarboniferous period onGondwana. Bideford Black containscarbon,silica and alumina, with the black colouration created by the carbon.[54] The seams containing Bideford Black Stretch fromHartland, underneath Bideford, and ontoUmberleigh. Bideford Black was used in a number of ways; for example, it was used as camouflage paint during World War II, in mascara by Max Factor, by artists, and in the boat-building industry.[55] Bideford Black was processed as a paint and a dye up until the mining stopped. A number of artists (mainly local artists) used these Bideford Black paints and oils in their works. The Bideford Black Mining Company produced Biddiblack powder at a processing plant in Chapel Park, East-the-Water.[56] Some of the miners' houses were situated at Springfield Terrace, East-the-Water.
The mining of the pigment became unviable when other blacks went into large, cheap commercial production.[57] Bideford Black has also been known as "The Mother of Coal";[58] there are still a number of places where evidence of the mine can be seen, like old mine entrances just off the Barnstaple road. A number of roads are named after the mining in the town, including Mines Road, Pitt Lane, Biddiblack Way and other roads.
Recently some Bideford Black was exchanged, by locals, for some pigments provided by Australian Aboriginal Elder Noel Butler. Noel Butler's nephew has used the Bideford Black to paint his body for Aboriginal ceremonial events in Australia.[59] The Heritage lottery fund has given a grant of £8700 to the Burton Art Gallery to fund research into Bideford Black.[60] In October 2013 a display about Bideford Black was presented at Bideford's Burton Art Gallery.[61]
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1991 | 13,006 | — |
| 2001 | 14,599 | +12.2% |
| 2011 | 17,107 | +17.2% |
In 2011 government statistics recorded the population at 17,107, its highest ever. Between 2011 and 2026 Bideford's population is expected to rise by 9,689 people. The birth rate in Bideford is 60.2 out of 1000 women, compared with the 52.8 per 1000 women which is the average for Devon. Life expectancy in Bideford is 80.7 years, that is 0.9 years less than the average for Devon. Bideford has the highest rate of youth offending in Devon at 21.5 in 1000 people, compared with 13.2 in a 1000 people as the Devon average.[62]
Bideford is largely ethnically homogenous, with the 2001 census reporting that 98.3% of the population were white in the parish.[63] 3.3% of school children are from ethnic minorities and 0.9% of school children do not have English as their first language, the lowest in Devon.[62] In 2001 31.6% of households were classed as "single person households". In 2004 Bideford was classed as one of the most deprived areas in theTorridge area. In November 2008 1.95% of the population claimed job-seekers allowance.[64] Domestic violence rates are 2.6% higher than the Devon average, alcohol-related crime is 0.4% higher than the Devon average, and drugs-related crime is the same as the Devon average.
Bideford is served by theA39 Atlantic Highway andA386 roads.
A ferry operates between Bideford quay andLundy Island, approximately 22 miles (35 km) away in theBristol Channel. The same ship, theMSOldenburg, also provides evening cruises downstream from Bideford along the River Torridge.
TheSouth West Coast Path National Trail runs through the town, and gives access to the North Devon coast.
Bus services are provided byStagecoach South West; key routes include:[65]
The nearest railway station is atBarnstaple 7.5 miles (12.1 km) away. Bideford was previously connected to the national rail network, but the connection was lost in 1982 (by then a freight branch, which was still operating due to the mining of ball clay traffic from Meeth Quarry) with the closure of the line from Barnstaple to Torrington and Meeth Quarry. Passenger services were closed in 1965 following the publication of theBeeching Report. The station still exists at East-the-Water and is now managed by a preservation group, theBideford Railway Heritage Centre. The line followed the contours of the River Torridge for much of its route to Torrington and most of it is part of the Tarka Trail.
In 2009,James May's Toy Stories attempted to runOO gauge trains on a temporary track on the right of way. A subsequent attempt in 2011 was successful.
In 2009 theAssociation of Train Operating Companies costed reopening the Barnstaple to Bideford route at £80 million. But in 2010 Devon County Council rejected proposals byTorridge District Council to consider reopening.
TheBideford, Westward Ho! and Appledore Railway was an unusual and short-lived railway built entirely on this peninsula with no direct connection to the rest of the British railway network. The locomotives were fitted with skirts to protect pedestrians, as at one point the line ran along the quay at Bideford. The line had eleven halts which largely served visitors wishing to enjoy the scenery along the coast or the beaches around Westward Ho!. The railway, although authorised in 1896, was opened only as far as Northam by 1901, and finally reached Appledore in 1908.
The railway fell into financial difficulties and in theFirst World War, theWar Department requisitioned all of its equipment for use in France. Bideford's 13th-century Long Bridge was temporarily converted into a railway bridge to carry the locomotives and rolling stock onto the main line railway near Bideford Station.[66]
Bideford has a wet but mild climate; during the winter Bideford experiences a lot of changeable weather conditions, mild cloudy/ drizzly weather off the Atlantic with daytime temperatures typically 11/12c and mild nights in high single figures, alternating with clear periods which can allow for frosty nights and early mornings with temperatures-2/-4c and maybe only 4-5c by day: Bideford also gets some snow but it rarely settles for long. During the summer Bideford can experience wet and unsettled weather off the Atlantic but also can be one of the warmest places in Devon when warm continental air masses move up off the continent and in 2022 a short heatwave around 17–18 July produced record warmth with temperatures pushing 35c and overnight lows in the high teens.
| Climate data for Bideford, United Kingdom | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 16 (61) | 18 (64) | 20 (68) | 25 (77) | 27 (81) | 31 (88) | 35 (95) | 34 (93) | 28 (82) | 29 (84) | 18 (64) | 15 (59) | 34 (93) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8 (46) | 8 (46) | 10 (50) | 12 (54) | 16 (61) | 19 (66) | 21 (70) | 20 (68) | 19 (66) | 15 (59) | 11 (52) | 9 (48) | 14 (57) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 4 (39) | 3 (37) | 5 (41) | 6 (43) | 8 (46) | 11 (52) | 14 (57) | 13 (55) | 11 (52) | 9 (48) | 6 (43) | 5 (41) | 8 (46) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −6 (21) | −6 (21) | −9 (16) | −3 (27) | 0 (32) | 1 (34) | 6 (43) | 6 (43) | −1 (30) | −2 (28) | −6 (21) | −6 (21) | −9 (16) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 75 (3.0) | 46 (1.8) | 57 (2.2) | 54 (2.1) | 36 (1.4) | 51 (2.0) | 64 (2.5) | 45 (1.8) | 63 (2.5) | 93 (3.7) | 75 (3.0) | 81 (3.2) | 740 (29.2) |
| Average rainy days | 5 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 53 |
| Source 1:Weather2[67] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2:HolidayCheck.com[68] | |||||||||||||
The town of Bideford has grown to cover land on both sides of the River Torridge; the area located east of the river is known as East-the-Water[69] and also spelled East the Water without hyphens.[70] Much of the land that has been built on in recent years is drainedmarshland.
East-the-Water has its own primary school, local shops, a few factories, approximately 3 bars and pubs, a small health centre and a small industrial area consisting largely of locally owned businesses. It is mainlypublic housing, especially on the Pollyfield estate. The community also has its own community centre and association, both of which are self-funding and run by a committee of local residents. A key historical feature isChudleigh Fort, built by theParliamentarianMajor-GeneralJames Chudleigh during theEnglish Civil War.[71] The area is surrounded by agricultural land.
Buried in the now abandoned and neglectedEast-the-Water Cemetery in adjacent plots areVictoria Cross recipientsGerald Graham andGeorge Channer.
Bideford Town Council, which is based atBideford Town Hall,[72] has 16 seats representing four unequal wards, North, South, East and South Outer. At the May 2011 local elections, seven Conservatives, three independents, two Liberal Democrats, two Labour and one Green were elected (there was one vacant seat).[73] There is a mayor and Town Clerk. The town council received widespread attention in February 2012 when theHigh Court ruled that prayers as part of meetings were not lawful by theLocal Government Act 1972.[74]
Torridge District Council[75] is the next level of local government and most decisions are made by Devon County Council.[76] Torridge District Council is responsible for maintainingBideford Higher Cemetery.
The local MP is theConservativeGeoffrey Cox. The twoDevon County Council councillors who represent the town are Anthony Inch and Linda Hellyer, they are both members of theConservative Party.[77]
State-funded primary schools in Bideford include East-the-Water Primary School, St. Mary's Church of England Primary School and Westcroft School.Bideford College is the main state-funded secondary school serving the area.
Kingsley School is a co-educational independent school situated in Bideford. It was founded in 2009 whenGrenville College andEdgehill College merged. It is a member of the Methodist Independent Schools trust.[78]
Bideford has a number of churches:
In 2011, 61.8% of people in Bideford and nearby Northam described themselves asChristian, 0.3% asBuddhist, 0.2% asMuslims and 0.7% were classed as part of the other religion category. The number of religious people in the area is higher than the average in Devon.[87]
| Religion | Percentage of Bideford Population |
|---|---|
| Christian | 61.8% |
| Buddhist | 0.3% |
| Muslim | 0.2% |
| Hindu | 0.0% |
| Jewish | 0.0% |
| Sikh | 0.0% |
| Other religion | 0.7% |
| No religion | 28.6% |
| Religion not stated | 8.4% |
Bideford is renowned for itsNew Year's Eve celebrations, when thousands of people – most in fancy dress – from surrounding towns, villages, and around the world gather on the quay for revelries and afireworks display.[88] The event normally includes a number of local musical acts performing on the X Radio One Roadshow stage.[89]Andrew's Dole is a custom dating from 1605. In that year, the Mayor of Bideford, Andrew Dole, established a trust to provide for loaves of bread to be distributed to poor, elderly, persons who applied at the Mayor's Parlour. The custom continues to this day and takes place onNew Year's Day. He also left some land to trustees and the income is distributed to 10 deserving people, for each trustee.
Local radio was provided by Heart North Devon. The station, which started in 1992 and originally called Lantern FM, was based in Bideford in a building named "the Lighthouse", and later moved to an industrial estate in nearby Barnstaple. In April 2009, the station was rebranded as part of theHeart Network, losing the long-standing Lantern FM name. In August 2010, amid much controversy, the station was merged with its sister operations in other areas of Devon and all operations were moved to new studios inExeter and renamedHeart Devon. As a result, numerous members of staff at Barnstaple were made redundant. Since then, many of the Lantern FM team, past and present, have reunited to createThe Voice, a local radio station currently broadcasting across Devon on DAB Digital radio. The radio station was launched on FM in January 2014 after being granted an FM Licence.
Local news and television programmes are provided byBBC South West andITV West Country. Television signals are received from theHuntshaw Cross TV transmitter and the local relay transmitter situated inWestward Ho!.[90][91]
Bideford is covered by two main local newspapers, theNorth Devon Gazette and theNorth Devon Journal which are published weekly. TheGazette was founded in Bideford, and was originally known as theBideford Gazette. It is now a free newspaper, delivered to most local homes, and is now based in Barnstaple. The regional daily paper, theWestern Morning News, is also available. A local newsletter, theBideford Buzz, was published monthly from 2000- 18 by a team of volunteers, and from October 2018 is available online only.
The town istwinned withLandivisiau in France. It has been twinned with Landivisiau since 1976; each year members of the Bideford Twinning Association take part in an exchange trip with Landivisiau.[92]On 20 October 2006, Britishex-patriate David Riley came to mark the '20-year link' betweenManteo onRoanoke Island,North Carolina, and Bideford. The Bideford town clerk, George McLauchlan, told him that locals had never heard of Manteo, and that the only town Bideford was twinned with was in France. Mr Riley handed over a clock to 'celebrate' the twenty-year link, while the Manteo Town manager Kermit Skinner said the link started in the 1980s during the 400th anniversary of Raleigh's voyages to America.It turns out the 'twinning' of Bideford with Manteo had been established 20 years before. But the story goes back much further – 500 years – to the mysterious disappearance of a colony of more than 100 people on Roanoke Island, many of whom were immigrants from Bideford. The colony was established by Sir Richard Grenville, who brought back two Native American Indians, one of them calledManteo which gave the North Carolina town its name.[93]
Bideford Art School was located on The Quay from 1896 to the 1970s. Alumni includedJudith Ackland and novelistRosemary Sutcliff. Today the building houses Bideford Arts Centre. TheBurton at Bideford is an art gallery and museum in the town that has collections on various things of interest connected with Bideford's heritage, including clay pipes and tea caddies. The art gallery displays work by local artists featuring local heritage and local landscapes.[94]
The Bideford Film Society was set up in 2001 and with the aid of a grant from the Bridge Trust and Bideford Town Council. The Bideford Film Society shows films just after their cinema release. The films are screened at Kingsley School, or in the Devon Hall at Bideford College.[95]
In 1272 Bideford was granted a market charter, and has had many markets throughout the years. The medieval market was once held near to where the bottom of the High Street is today.[96] The currentPannier Market has been there since 1884, and consists of a large market hall which, as well as markets, hosts boxing matches and other events; and Butchers Row which is now made up of small shops, galleries, and butchers' stalls.[97]
A farmers' market takes place on the quay on nearly every Saturday throughout the summer.[98] A continental market also visits Bideford annually – market traders from France, Belgium, Italy, Spain, Holland, Poland and other countries come to sell products on the quay.[99]
Bideford has many small shops and galleries. Affinity Devon, formerly Atlantic Village, is an outlet shopping centre on the western outskirts of the town: it has over thirty retail outlets[100] Opposite Affinity Devon is Atlantic Park, a collection of restaurants, supermarkets and hotel chains built in 2015. This destroyed large parts of Moreton Park Woods and was campaigned against by local residents.[101]
Bideford has twoKing George's Fields, which are memorials toKing George V. One field is used primarily as the home ground of the main localrugby union club,Bideford RFC (Chiefs) who currently play inCounties 1 Western West.[102]
The other field, commonly referred to asThe Sports Ground, is the home toBideford AFC, the town's main localfootball club, they currently play in theSouthern Football League Division One South and are managed bySean William Joyce. In over 60 seasons, the club has never been relegated, a distinction it shares only withArsenal andEverton.
East-the-Water also has its own football club, Shamwickshire Rovers FC, which plays at Pollyfield.
There is acricket club in the park called Victoria Park Cricket Club, but there is also Bideford, Littleham and Westward Ho! Cricket Club and they play inWestward Ho![103]
There are two bowling clubs in the town, one is Bideford Bowling Club who play near to The Sports Ground, and the other is Bideford Victoria Park Bowling Club.[104][105]
There is also agymnastics club in the town called the North Devon Display Gymnastic Club.[106]
In 2009 the sixth stage of theTour of Britain finished in the town, and large crowds lined the quay where it finished.[107] In 2012 the Tour of Britain passed through the town, again large crowds came out to watch.[108]
On 19 March 2012 the2012 Olympic torch relay passed through the town, when large crowds lined the town's streets, and school children from the town's schools were also allowed to line the route – even though it was during the school day.
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