Sultanate of Bidar | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1492–1619 | |||||||||
 .svg) Bidar Sultanate in the 1525, with neighbouring polities.[1] | |||||||||
| Capital | Bidar | ||||||||
| Common languages | Persian (official)[2] Deccani Urdu | ||||||||
| Religion | State religion: Sunni Islam[3][4] Other: Other religions in South Asia | ||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
| Sultan | |||||||||
• 1489 – 1504 | Qasim Barid I | ||||||||
• 1609 – 1619 | Amir Barid Shah III (last) | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 1492 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 1619 | ||||||||
| Currency | Mohur | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | India | ||||||||
TheSultanate of Bidar[n 1] was anearly modern Indian polity, ruled by theBarid Shahi dynasty that ruled a territory in the centralDeccan centred atBidar.[5] As one of the fiveDeccan sultanates, the sultanate's initial territory corresponded to that of one of the five provinces of theBahmani Sultanate, and under the rule ofQasim Barid I in 1492 assumed de facto control of state affairs of the Bahmani Sultanate. Leadership passed to his sons;Amir Barid I in 1504 andAli Barid Shah I in 1542. Starting from the 1580s as a result of Ali's death, a wave of successions occurred in the rulership of the dynasty which ended in 1609 under the last sultan, Amir Barid III. He was eventually defeated in 1619 byIbrahim Adil Shah II of theSultanate of Bijapur, who annexed the territory of the Bidar Sultanate into his realm.
The sultanate was founded in 1492 byQasim Barid I,[6] who was a Turk.[7][8][9][10][11] He joined the service of theBahmani SultanMuhammad Shah III. He started his career as asar-naubat, and was made kotwal of Bidar byNizam-ul-Mulk Bahri, for helping theDeccanis in the massacre of the foreign population at Bidar.[12] However, he later became themir-jumla (prime minister) of the Bahmani Sultanate. During the reign ofMahmood Shah Bahmani II (r. 1482 – 1518), he became the de facto ruler of the Bahmani Sultanate.[13]
After the death of Mahmud Shah Bahmani in 1518, he was succeeded by four sultans, one after another, but they were mere puppets in the hands of Amir Barid.[14][15]
When the last Bahmani ruler Kalimullah fled to Bidar in 1527,Amir Barid I became practically independent, as his de jure suzerain's state ceased to exist.[13] However, he never assumed any royal title.[16]
In 1542, Amir was succeeded by his sonAli Barid Shah I, who was the first to assume the royal title ofShah.[17] Ali Barid joined the other Deccan sultans in theBattle of Talikota against theVijayanagar Empire in January 1565.[18]
After his death in 1580, Ali Barid was succeeded by his son Ibrahim Barid, who ruled for seven years until his death in 1587.[19] He was succeeded by his younger brother Qasim Barid II.[20] After his death in 1591, he was succeeded by his infant son Ali Barid II, who was soon dethroned by one of his relative, Amir Barid II. In 1601, he was also overthrown by one of his relative, Mirza Ali Barid.
In 1609, he was succeeded by the last ruler, Amir Barid III,[20] who fought against the Mughals in 1616 under the leadership ofMalik Ambar. In 1619, he was defeated by theBijapur sultanIbrahim Adil Shah II. Bidar was annexed to Bijapur sultanate. Amir Barid III and his sons were brought toBijapur and kept "under surveillance".[21]
The Bidar Sultanate made considerable additions to theBidar Fort. Their tombs, theBarid Shahi tombs, were their main architectural pursuits, and are also located at Bidar.[22][23][24] The rulers employed Hindu architects and engineers for the construction of these buildings, which resulted in amalgamation of some Hindu features within the architecture of this period.[25]
| Name | Reign |
|---|---|
| Qasim Barid I | 1489 – 1504 |
| Amir Barid I | 1504 – 1542[26] |
| Ali Barid Shah I | 1542 – 1580[27] |
| Ibrahim Barid Shah | 1580 – 1587 |
| Qasim Barid Shah II | 1587 – 1591 |
| Ali Barid Shah II | 1591 |
| Amir Barid Shah II | 1591 – 1601 |
| Mirza Ali Barid Shah III | 1601 – 1609 |
| Amir Barid Shah III | 1609 – 1619 |
.jpg)
Qāsim Barīdī, a Sunnī Turk in the service of Maḥmūd Shāh Bahmān...
