For the former South Vietnamese province with the same name, seeBiên Hòa Province.
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From left to right, from top to bottom:Trấn Biên Temple of Literature, Buddha Mau Buu Hoa shrine,Ghềnh bridge, Nguyễn Văn Trị Riverside Park, Sonadezi Tower at Vũng Tàu intersection
Biên Hòa spans 264 square kilometers (102 sq mi) of midland terrain in western Đồng Nai Province. The majority of the city is situated to the east of theĐồng Nai River.
In 1989, Biên Hòa's population was estimated at 273,879. By 1999, it had grown to 435,400 and reached 701,194 in 2009.[6] In December 2012, the city's population surpassed 1 million.[7] By 2019, it had increased to 1,055,414.[8]
As of 2022, the city's population was 1,272,235.[9]
Thecapture of Biên Hòa on 16 December 1861, was an important allied victory in theCochinchina Campaign (1858–1862). This campaign, fought between the French and the Spanish on the one side and the Vietnamese (under theNguyễn dynasty) on the other, began as a limitedpunitive expedition and ended as a French war of conquest. The war concluded with the establishment of the French colony of Cochinchina, a development that inaugurated nearly a century of French colonial dominance in Vietnam.[citation needed]
Because of its large population of former refugees and their descendants who fledNorth Vietnam's communist government in the mid-1950s, Biên Hòa was a center of resistance against the communist government in the months immediately followingthe fall of theRepublic of Vietnam.[citation needed]
Like much of Vietnam,post-war Biên Hòa suffered a period of severe economic decline between 1975 and the second half of the 1980s. However, after the government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam introducedĐổi Mới, a series of economic and political reforms in 1986, Biên Hòa experienced significant economic growth. The city and its surrounding areas attracted substantial foreign investment, leading to industrialization and development.[11]
By 2005, Biên Hòa had become an industrial hub of southern Vietnam. Many factories and warehouses (often funded in collaboration with Japanese, Singaporean, American, Swiss and other foreign investors) operate in the areas surrounding the city.
With regard to entertainment, the city includes several amusement parks, nightclubs and restaurants lining theĐồng Nai River. Construction has increased rapidly, with many Western-style houses and villas under development. The real estate market has experienced a series of boom cycles since the mid-1990s.[12]
Biên Hòa is home toBình An Cemetery (also known as Biên Hòa Military Cemetery), a large national cemetery for fallen soldiers and military officials of the formerRepublic of Vietnam (ARVN). After thefall of Saigon, the cemetery was ransacked and subsequently abandoned.[13] The Vietnamese American Foundation, also known as The Returning Casualty, is working to restore the cemetery and excavate a nearby mass grave of approximately 200 ARVN soldiers.[14]
At the end of 2015, thePrime Minister of Vietnam issued Decision No.2488/QD-TTg recognizing Biên Hòa as a class-1 provincial city.[15]
On September 28, 2024, the National Assembly Standing Committee issued Resolution No. 1194/NQ-UBTVQH15 on the arrangement of commune-level administrative units of Dong Nai province in the 2023–2025 period (the resolution took effect on November 1, 2024).[16] Accordingly:
Merged the entireHòa Bình Ward and a part of Quarter 10 of Tân Phong Ward into Quang Vinh Ward.
MergedThanh Bình Ward,Quyết Thắng Ward, and the remaining part of Quarter 10 of Tân Phong Ward into Trung Dũng Ward.
Biên Hòa is a key industrial hub in southern Vietnam. There are six industrial zones:
Biên Hòa I Industrial Park. The country’s oldest industrial park, covering 340 hectares (840 acres), is set to be converted into an urban, commercial, and service area by the end of 2025.[17][18]
Biên Hòa II Industrial Zone, 365 ha (900 acres)
Amata Industrial Park, 674 ha (1,670 acres). This is the first investment project ofAmata Corporation in Vietnam.[19]
Long Bình Industrial Zone Development
Agtex Long Bình Industrial Park - AGTEX 28, 43 ha (110 acres)
Tam Phước Industrial Park, 323 ha
Sanyang Motor's Vietnam Manufacturing & Export Processing Co., Ltd. (VMEP) is located in Biên Hòa.
Biên Hòa Air Base served as the main storage and handling site forAgent Orange during theVietnam War and remains the largestdioxin hotspot in Vietnam.[20] U.S. and Vietnamese authorities are working to clean up the affected areas.[20][21]
Ghềnh Bridge (1901-1904) - designed by company associated withGustave Eiffel; 2 spans was collapsed in 2016 and new bridge was built months later in the same year
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