Bhai Parmanand | |
|---|---|
 Bhai Parmanand on a 1979 stamp of India | |
| Born | 4 November 1876 |
| Died | 8 December 1947 |
| Monuments | Bhai Parmanand Institute of Business Studies |
| Occupation | Revolutionary •Freedom Fighter |
| Organization | Ghadar Party |
| Known for | • Founding member ofGhadar Party •Ghadar Conspiracy |
| Notable work | Tarikh-i-Hind |
| Movement | Indian Independence Movement •Ghadar Movement |
| Children | Bhai Mahavir |
Bhai Parmanand (4 November 1876 – 8 December 1947) was anIndian nationalist and a prominent leader of theGhadar Party andHindu Mahasabha.
Parmanand was born on 4 November 1876 inKaryala (Punjab, Pakistan) to Bhai Tara Chand Chibber in a prominent PunjabiMohyal Brahmin family and his father was an active religious missionary within theArya Samaj movement.[1]
While reading letters of Lala Lajpat Rai to him in 1909, he had jotted an idea that 'the territory beyondSindh could be united with North-West Frontier Province into a greatMusulman Kingdom. TheHindus of the region should come away, while at the same time theMusulmans in the rest of the country should go and settle in this territory'.[2][3][4]
In October 1905, Parmanand visited South Africa and stayed withMahatma Gandhi as aVedic missionary.[5] Parmanand visitedGuyana in 1910 which was the centre of the Arya Samaj movement in theCaribbean.[6] His lectures increased their following there. In 1911, he visitedLala Hardayal when he was on retreat inMartinique. Parmanand persuaded Hardayal to go to the United States to found a centre for the propagation of the ancient culture of theAryan people. Hardayal left for America, but soon located himself in Hawaii, where he again went on retreat onWaikiki Beach. A letter from Parmanand prompted his departure for San Francisco where he became an activist in theanarchist movement.
Parmanand toured severalBritish colonies in South America before re-joining Hardayal in San Francisco. He was a founder member of theGhadar Party. He accompanied Hardayal on a speaking tour toPortland in 1914 and wrote a book for the Ghadar Party calledTarikh-I-Hind. He returned to India as part of theGhadar Conspiracy claiming he was accompanied by 5,000Ghadarites. He was part of the leadership of the revolt, and was sent to promote the revolt inPeshawar. He was arrested in connection with theFirst Lahore Conspiracy Case and was sentenced to death in 1915. The sentence was later commuted to one of transportation for life: he was imprisoned in theAndaman Islands until 1920 and subjected to hard labour. In protest against such harsh treatment of political prisoners, Bhai Parmanand went on hunger strike for two months. The King-Emperor,George V, released him in 1920 as the result of a general amnesty order.[7]
Parmanand died on 8 December 1947 of a heart attack. He was survived by his son Dr.Bhai Mahavir, a prominent member of theJana Sangh and BJP.[citation needed]
Named after him are theBhai Parmanand Institute of Business Studies in New Delhi,[8] a Public School in East Delhi and a hospital also in Delhi.[9]
{{cite journal}}:Cite journal requires|journal= (help)| Background |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Ghadar | ||
| Berlin Committee | ||
| Indian figures | ||
| German figures | ||
| Conspiracy | ||
| Counter-intelligence | ||
| Related topics | ||
