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Beverwijck (/ˈbɛvərwɪk/BEV-ər-wik;Dutch:Beverwijck), often written using thepre-reform orthographyBeverwyck, was a fur-trading community north ofFort Orange on theHudson River withinRensselaerwyck inNew Netherland that was renamed and developed asAlbany, New York, after theEnglish took control of the colony in 1664.
During the 1640s, the nameBeverwijck began to be used informally by the Dutch for their settlement of fur traders north of the fort. The village of Beverwijck arose out of a jurisdictional dispute between the patroonship ofRensselaerswijck and theDutch West India Company (WIC) over the legal status of the community of some two hundred colonists living in the vicinity of the WIC Fort Orange on the west bank of the Upper North River. In 1652,Peter Stuyvesant, director general of New Netherland, extended WIC jurisdiction over the settlers who lived near Fort Orange.[1]
In the late 1650s, colonists built apalisade around Beverwijck, and it had become economically and politically successful, with large families living in the community.[1] Despite its isolation on the frontier, a sign of Beverwijck's success was that it was never attacked by Native Americans. The Dutch built a collaborative relationship with both theAlgonquian-speakingMahican of the Hudson Valley and theIroquoian-speakingMohawk people to the west through the Mohawk Valley.[2] By 1660, the Dutch relations with these two different Native nations had taken on differing characteristics, reflecting their different patterns of settlement and culture.[2]
A large percentage of the Beverwijck population consisted of Europeans born outside of the Dutch Republic. Despite the ethnically mixed population which included Dutch, Scandinavian, German, and English individuals, institutions transplanted from the Republic gave the town a decisively Dutch character.[1]
The fur trade was very lucrative and, when the village ofSchenectady was founded in 1661 beyondRensselaerwyck, the traders of Beverwijck were successful in getting governorPeter Stuyvesant to declare that they had a monopoly on trade. The settlers in Schenectady were forbidden to trade. This prohibition was affirmed by orders of Governor Nicholls through 1670 and later after the English took over the colony of New Netherland.
AlthoughBeverwijck literally meansbeaver district,[3] its name might be of different origin than related to the fur trade. It could have been named for the Dutch city ofBeverwijk.[citation needed]
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42°38′05″N73°45′01″W / 42.6346°N 73.7503°W /42.6346; -73.7503
