East Circassian dialect
TheBesleney Kabardian dialect (Adyghe:Беслъэнеибзэ,Besłæneibzæ [bejsɬanejəbza]) is one of the East Circassian dialects and usually considered a dialect ofKabardian. However, because the Besleney tribe lived at the center ofCircassia, the Besleney dialect also shares a large number of features with dialects ofWestern Circassian.
Palatalized velar stops
[edit]Like some other Kabardian dialects, the Besleney dialect has a palatalizedvoiced velar stop[ɡʲ]⟨гь⟩, a palatalizedvoiceless velar stop[kʲ]⟨кь⟩ and a palatalizedvelar ejective[kʲʼ]⟨кӏь⟩ that were merged with дж[d͡ʒ], ч[t͡ʃ] and кӏ[t͡ʃʼ] in most Circassian dialects.[1]
- Besleney гь[ɡʲ] became дж[d͡ʒ] in other dialects:
| Meaning | Besleney | Standard Adyghe | Kabardian |
|---|
| Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA |
|---|
| chicken | гьэд | ɡʲad | чэты | t͡ʃatə | джэд | d͡ʒad |
|---|
| cat | гьэду | ɡʲadəw | чэтыу | t͡ʃatəw | джэду | d͡ʒadəw |
|---|
| shirt | гьанэ | ɡʲaːna | джанэ | dʒaːna | джанэ | dʒaːna |
|---|
to study to read | егьэн | jaɡʲan | еджэн | jadʒan | еджэн | jadʒan |
|---|
| glass | абгь | ʔaːbgʲ | апч | ʔaːpt͡ʃ | абдж | ʔaːbd͡ʒ |
|---|
| game | гьэгу | ɡʲagʷ | джэгу | d͡ʒagʷ | джэгу | d͡ʒagʷ |
|---|
| bitter | дыгь | dəɡʲ | дыджы | dəd͡ʒə | дыдж | dəd͡ʒ |
|---|
| sick | сымагьэ | səmaːɡʲa | сымаджэ | səmaːd͡ʒa | сымаджэ | səmaːd͡ʒa |
|---|
| evil | бзагьэ | bzaːɡʲa | бзаджэ | bzaːd͡ʒa | бзаджэ | bzaːd͡ʒa |
|---|
| valley | къуэлагьэ | qʷalaːɡʲa | къоладжэ | qʷalaːd͡ʒa | къуэладжэ | qʷalaːd͡ʒa |
|---|
| noon | щэгьагъуэ | ɕaɡʲaːʁʷa | щэджагъо | ɕad͡ʒaːʁʷa | шэджагъуэ | ʃad͡ʒaːʁʷa |
|---|
| infidel | гьаур | ɡʲaːwər | джаур | d͡ʒaːwər | джаур | d͡ʒaːwər |
|---|
- Besleney кь[kʲ] became ч[t͡ʃ] in other dialects:
| Meaning | Besleney | Standard Adyghe | Kabardian |
|---|
| Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA |
|---|
| throat | кьий | kʲəj | чый | t͡ʃəj | чий | t͡ʃəj |
|---|
| spleen | кьэ | kʲa | чэ | t͡ʃa | чэ | t͡ʃa |
|---|
| to cough | пскьэн | pskʲan | псчэн | pst͡ʃan | псчэн | pst͡ʃan |
|---|
- Besleney кӏь[kʲʼ] became кӏ[t͡ʃʼ] in other dialects:
| Meaning | Besleney | Standard Adyghe | Kabardian |
|---|
| Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA |
|---|
| egg | кӏьэнкӏьэ | kʲʼankʲʼa | кӏэнкӏэ | t͡ʃʼant͡ʃʼa | кӏэнкӏэ | t͡ʃʼant͡ʃʼa |
|---|
| ceiling | кӏьафэ | kʲʼaːfa | кӏашъо | t͡ʃʼaːʃʷa | кӏафэ | t͡ʃʼaːfa |
|---|
| rope | кӏьапсэ | kʲʼaːpsa | кӏапсэ | t͡ʃʼaːpsa | кӏапсэ | t͡ʃʼaːpsa |
|---|
| gun | кӏьэрахъуэ | kʲʼaraːχʷa | кӏэрахъо | t͡ʃʼaraːχʷa | кӏэрахъуэ | t͡ʃʼaraːχʷa |
|---|
| long | кӏьыхь | kʲʼəħ | кӏыхьэ | t͡ʃʼəħa | кӏыхь | t͡ʃʼəħ |
|---|
| to kill | укӏьын | wkʲʼən | укӏын | wt͡ʃʼən | укӏын | wt͡ʃʼən |
|---|
| to move away | ӏукӏьын | ʔʷəkʲʼən | ӏукӏын | ʔʷət͡ʃʼən | ӏукӏын | ʔʷət͡ʃʼən |
|---|
| key | ӏункӏьыбзэ | ʔʷənkʲʼəbza | ӏункӏыбзэ | ʔʷənt͡ʃʼəbza | ӏункӏыбз | ʔʷənt͡ʃʼəbz |
|---|
| beard | жьакӏьэ | ʑaːkʲʼa | жакӏэ | ʒaːt͡ʃʼa | жьакӏэ | ʑaːt͡ʃʼa |
|---|
| poor | тхьэмыщкӏь | tħaməɕkʲʼ | тхьамыкӏ | tħaːmət͡ʃʼ | тхьэмыщкӏэ | tħaməɕt͡ʃʼa |
|---|
| to be ashamed | укӏьытэн | wəkʲʼətan | укӏытэн | wət͡ʃʼətan | укӏытэн | wət͡ʃʼətan |
|---|
Palato-alveolar affricates
[edit]Thepalato-alveolar affricate consonants дж[d͡ʒ], ч[t͡ʃ] and кӏ[t͡ʃʼ] and theretroflex affricate consonants чъ[ʈʂ] and чӏ[ʈʂʼ] becamepalato-alveolar дж[d͡ʒ], дж[d͡ʒ], кӏ[t͡ʃʼ], дж[d͡ʒ] and кӏ[t͡ʃʼ] in Besleney while in Kabardian they becamealveolo-palatal ж[ʒ], ж[ʒ], щӏ[ɕʼ], ж[ʒ] and щӏ[ɕʼ].[2][3]
- Western ч[t͡ʃ] became дж[d͡ʒ] in Besleney and ж[ʒ] in Kabardian :
| Meaning | Besleney | Standard Adyghe | Kabardian |
|---|
| Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA |
|---|
| cow | джэм | d͡ʒam | чэм | t͡ʃam | жэм | ʒam |
|---|
| spear | бджы | bd͡ʒə | пчы | pt͡ʃə | бжы | bʒə |
|---|
| goat | бджэн | bd͡ʒan | пчэн | pt͡ʃan | бжэн | bʒan |
|---|
| village | джылэ | d͡ʒəla | чылэ | t͡ʃəɮa | жылэ | ʒəɮa |
|---|
| night | джэщ | d͡ʒam | чэщы | t͡ʃaɕə | жэщ | ʒam |
|---|
- Western кӏ[t͡ʃʼ] survived in Besleney and became щӏ[ɕʼ] in Kabardian :
| Meaning | Besleney | Standard Adyghe | Kabardian |
|---|
| Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA |
|---|
| young man | кӏалэ | t͡ʃʼaːla | кӏалэ | t͡ʃʼaːɮa | щӏалэ | ɕʼaːla |
|---|
| new | кӏэ | t͡ʃʼa | кӏэ | t͡ʃʼa | щӏэ | ɕʼa |
|---|
| guest | хьакӏэ | ħaːt͡ʃʼa | хьакӏэ | ħaːt͡ʃʼa | хьащӏэ | ħaːɕʼa |
|---|
- Western чъ[ʈʂ] became дж[d͡ʒ] in Besleney and ж[ʒ] in Kabardian :
| Meaning | Besleney | Standard Adyghe | Kabardian |
|---|
| Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA |
|---|
| tree | джыг | d͡ʒəɣ | чъыгы | ʈʂəɣə | жыг | ʒəɣ |
|---|
| to sleep | джен | d͡ʒajn | чъыен | ʈʂəjan | жейн | ʒajn |
|---|
| to run | джэн | d͡ʒan | чъэн | ʈʂan | жэн | ʒan |
|---|
| to run down | еджэхын | jad͡ʒaxən | ечъэхын | jaʈʂaxən | ежэхын | jaʒaxən |
|---|
| goat | аджэ | aːd͡ʒa | ачъэ | aːʈʂa | ажэ | aːʒa |
|---|
| door | бджэ | bd͡ʒa | пчъэ | pʈʂa | бжэ | bʒa |
|---|
- Besleney чъ[t͡ʂ] ↔ ш[ʃ] in other dialects:
| Meaning | Besleney sub-dialect | Standard Kabardian | Standard Adyghe |
|---|
| Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA |
|---|
| horse | чъы | t͡ʂə | шы | ʃə | шы | ʃə |
|---|
| sister | чъыпхъу | t͡ʂəpχʷ | шыпхъу | ʃəpχʷ | шыпхъу | ʃəpχʷ |
|---|
| wedding | нысачъэ | nəsaːt͡ʂa | нысашэ | nəsaːʃa | нысашэ | nəsaːʃa |
|---|