Herbert (Bert) Hinkler | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Hinkler,c. 1928 | |
| Born | (1892-12-08)8 December 1892 Bundaberg, Queensland, Australia |
| Died | 7 January 1933(1933-01-07) (aged 40) Pratomagno Alps, Italy |
| Occupation(s) | Pioneer Aviator, inventor |
| Spouse(s) | Hannah (Nance) Jarvis (de facto, 1920s–33 |
| Awards | Distinguished Service Medal (1917) Britannia Trophy (1920, 1928, 1931) Air Force Cross (1928) FAI Gold Air Medal (1928) Segrave Trophy (1931) |
Herbert John Louis HinklerAFC, DSM (8 December 1892 – 7 January 1933), better known asBert Hinkler, was a pioneer Australian aviator (dubbed "Australian Lone Eagle"[1]) and inventor. He designed and built early aircraft before being the first person to fly solo from England to Australia, completed on 22 February 1928,[2] and the first person to fly solo across the Southern Atlantic Ocean. He married in 1932 at the age of 39, and died less than a year later after crashing into remote countryside nearArezzo, Tuscany, Italy during a solo flight record attempt.
Hinkler was born inBundaberg, Queensland, the son of John William Hinkler, aPrussian-born stockman, and his wife Frances Atkins (née Bonney) Hinkler.[3][4] In his childhood, Hinkler would observeibis flying near a lake at his school. After gaining an understanding on the principles of flight, he constructed twogliders. In 1912 he launched one of his first home-made gliders onMon Repos Beach and flew 10 metres (33 ft) above the sand dunes.[5][6]
He later metArthur Burr Stone[7] at a travelling show in Bundaberg and again at theBrisbane Exhibition where Hinkler worked with Stone to solve a problem with the "Blériot", the world's first monoplane. In 1913, Hinkler went to England where he worked for theSopwith Aviation Company,[1] the beginning of his career in aviation.
During theFirst World War, Hinkler served with theRoyal Naval Air Service as agunner/observer[1] in Belgium and France, for which he was awarded theDistinguished Service Medal. In 1918 Hinkler was posted toNo. 28 Squadron RAF with which he served as a pilot in Italy.
Hinkler was an "exceptional mathematician and inventor" and "made a lot of aviation instruments which were in use up until the Second World War."[1] For example, "one was a gadget to correct drift as airplanes fly a little bit on their side, not straight ahead."[1] Furthermore, "in WWI, Hinkler invented a machine gun adaptor for air gunners. Back then, when the biplanes were flying upside down in combat, the hot, ejected shells would fall and burn the chest of the gunners as they fired. Hinkler's invention had the ejected shells all flying off to one side instead."[1]
After the war, he worked as atest pilot for the aircraft manufacturerA.V. Roe inSouthampton. The Australian Government offered £10,000 as a prize for the first flight to Australia; Hinkler entered, but his aeroplane crashed in Europe during a storm.[8]
In 1921, Hinkler shipped a tinyAvro Baby to Sydney, Australia. It was filled with fuel and flown non-stop to Bundaberg, Queensland, a distance of 1,370 kilometres (850 mi).
During the 1920s, he competed in numerous aviation events and set many records, among which was a non-stop flight from England to Latvia. For his England-Latvia flight he was awarded theOswald Watt Gold Medal for 1927.[9] He was a pilot of the BritishSchneider Trophy seaplane competitor.[citation needed]
Hinkler flew the first solo flight between England and Australia, departing England on 7 February 1928 and arriving inDarwin on 22 February; and back in his home town of Bundaberg a few days later on 27 February. This reduced the England-Australia record from 28 days to just under 151⁄2 days. The aircraft used was anAvro Avian with theregistrationG-EBOV. The flight was little noticed before Hinkler reached India but then media interest intensified. One paper nicknamed the flyer "Hustling Hinkler"[1] and he was the subject of theTin Pan Alley songHustling Hinkler Up in the Sky.[10]
For the flights in 1920 and 1928 Hinkler had already won twoBritannia trophies and the gold medal of theFédération Aéronautique Internationale.[7] He was also awarded the 1928 Oswald Watt Gold Medal.[9]
Hinkler is quoted as telling the Australian Prime MinisterStanley Bruce at this time: "You know, one day, people will fly by night and use the daylight for sightseeing." (In 1998 Australian Lang Kidby recreated this flight in a similar 1927 Avro Avian.[citation needed]) He was invited by theSpeaker of the House of Representatives,Littleton Groom, to be seated on the floor of the House in recognition of his achievement. (The next time such an invitation was extended was in 1973, toPatrick White, who declined.[11]) After visiting the principal cities of Australia and returning to England, he was awarded theAir Force Cross for the finest aerial exploit of the year.
In 1931 came his most remarkable feat. Hinkler flew in ade Havilland Puss Moth from Canada to New York then non-stop to Jamaica 2,400 km (1,500 mi), then to Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil, and then across the South Atlantic to Africa; this part of the journey was done in extremely bad weather, but despite a tearing gale and practically no visibility for part of the way because of low and heavy clouds, he drifted a comparatively small distance off his course. From West Africa he flew to London. For this he was awarded theRoyal Aero Club Gold Medal,[12] theSegrave Trophy,[13] the Johnston Memorial Prize,[14] and theBritannia Trophy for the most meritorious flying performance of the year.[15] He was also awarded his third and fourth Oswald Watt Gold Medals.[9] This was the first solo flight across theSouth Atlantic and Hinkler was only the second person to cross the Atlantic solo, afterCharles Lindbergh in 1927.[16]
Hinkler married in 1932.[1]
On 7 January 1933, Hinkler leftLondon Air Park, Hanworth, England, in the Puss Moth in an attempt to break the flying record to Australia held byC. W. A. Scott of 8 days 20 hours.[17] Nothing more was heard of him until his body was discovered in the Tuscan Mountains (Apuan Alps) in Italy on 27 April 1933. Charcoal burners initially discovered his wrecked aircraft and informed the authorities; a further search found Hinkler's body about 70 yards (64 m) away, lying on a steep slope partially hidden by a bush. The body was badly damaged but his identity was confirmed when his passport was found.[18][19] It was determined his aeroplane had crashed into the mountains the same day he departed from London.[20][21] He was buried – with full military honours on the orders of Italy's ruling dictatorBenito Mussolini – in theCimitero degli Allori in Florence.[4] A monument in his memory was erected atPrato Alle Vacche in thePratomagno mountain by the Aretino Aero Club.[4] He was survived by both his legal wife Katherine and his de facto wife Nance.
He is remembered as being thoroughly courageous without being reckless, and was successful in his amazing feats because he was practically faultless as a pilot, and knew exactly what he and his machines could do.[citation needed]
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A small piece of wood, a relic from one Hinkler's hand-made gliders, was presented to the US astronautDon Lind in early 1986 as a token of appreciation for his coming to Bundaberg to contribute to the Hinkler Memorial Lectures. Lind in turn gave it toDick Scobee, the captain of the ill-fated finalSpace ShuttleChallenger mission. Scobee took the wood with him on board theChallenger, inside a small plastic bag that he placed in his locker. After the explosion, the bag and the wood were recovered from the sea, identified, mounted, and later returned to the Hinkler Memorial Museum.[26][27]
State Library of Queensland holds a significant collection of letters, correspondence and items linked to Hinkler. The letters written by Hinkler to his family, (1913–1929), reveal deeply personal accounts of his adventures abroad and perspective of his achievements.[28] Digitisations of the letters and a 1928 recording of Bert Hinkler's speech are available online.[29][30]
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