Bernard Landry | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Landry in 2006 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 28th Premier of Quebec | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office March 8, 2001 – April 29, 2003 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monarch | Elizabeth II | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Lieutenant Governor | Lise Thibault | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deputy | Pauline Marois | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Lucien Bouchard | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Jean Charest | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deputy Premier of Quebec | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office September 26, 1994 – March 8, 2001 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Premier | Jacques Parizeau Lucien Bouchard | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Monique Gagnon-Tremblay | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Pauline Marois | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Leader of the Opposition of Quebec | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office June 6, 2003 – June 6, 2005 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Jean Charest | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Louise Harel | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| President of theParti Québécois | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In office March 2, 2001 – June 6, 2005 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Preceded by | Lucien Bouchard | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Succeeded by | Louise Harel (interim) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Personal details | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Born | (1937-03-09)March 9, 1937 Saint-Jacques, Quebec, Canada | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Died | November 6, 2018(2018-11-06) (aged 81) Verchères,Quebec, Canada | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Political party | Parti Québécois | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spouses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Alma mater | Université de Montréal Paris Institute of Political Studies | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Profession |
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Bernard LandryGOQ (French:[bɛʁnaʁlɑ̃dʁi]; March 9, 1937 – November 6, 2018) was a Canadian politician who served as the 28thpremier of Quebec from 2001 to 2003. A member of theParti Québécois (PQ), he led the party from 2001 to 2005, also serving as theleader of the Opposition from 2003 to 2005.
Landry was born on March 9, 1937, inSaint-Jacques, Quebec, (nearJoliette), the son of Thérèse Granger and Bernard Landry.[1] Landry was first married to Lorraine Laporte first a lawyer and later a court judge on Quebec justice system with whom he had three children. After his wife's death to cancer in 1999, in 2004, he married script writer and formeryé-yé singer and actressChantal Renaud.
Landry was classically trained by the clergy and retained some Latin.[2] A native speaker of French, he also spoke fluent English and Spanish.
Landry received a degree in law from theUniversité de Montréal, and a degree in economics and finance fromSciences Po Paris. While at the Université de Montréal, he had a small acting role inDenis Héroux's student filmOver My Head (Jusqu'au cou).[3]
From September 2005, he was a professor atUQAM in the business strategy department.
On February 9, 2008, Landry hosted the final round of the Finance Quiz at the 2008 Financial Open atUQAM.
Landry died on November 6, 2018, from complications ofpulmonary fibrosis at the age of 81.[4][5] He was given astate funeral atBasilique Notre-Dame de Montréal.[6]
Landry ran unsuccessfully inJoliette in the1970 election and inJoliette-Montcalm in1973. He was a practising lawyer and a partner in the Montreal law firm of Lapointe Rosenstein when he was elected to theNational Assembly of Quebec in the1976 general election inFabre. Under the Parti Québécois government ofRené Lévesque, he served as Minister of State of Economic Development from February 2, 1977, to March 12, 1981. Re-elected in theriding of Laval-des-rapides at the1981 general election, he was again Minister of State of Economic Development until September 9, 1982, when he was made Delegate Minister to Exterior Commerce. He was later Minister of International Relations and Exterior Commerce, and Minister of Finance in the same government.
During the1988 Canadian federal election, Landry backed theFree Trade Agreement. His support, along withJacques Parizeau played a role inBrian Mulroney's dominance in Quebec during the election.[7]
After the defeat of Parti Québécois in the1985 general election, he taught in the Department of Administrative Sciences at theUniversité du Québec à Montréal until 1994. After the victory of the PQ in the1994 general election, the newly elected Premier,Jacques Parizeau, made him hisDeputy Premier, a position he held from September 26, 1994, to December 15, 1998.
As finance minister, Landry reduced program expenditures to balance the budget. The PQ and sovereignty lost public support and has not been restored to previous levels since.[2]
It was reported in the Montreal Gazette, and picked up by the New York Times, that Landry spoke disparagingly of immigrants on the night of the 1995 referendum. In an unconfirmed article by The Gazette, an English-language paper in Montreal, it was reported that two employees at the Inter-Continental hotel in the city planned to file a complaint against Mr. Landry with the Quebec Human Rights Commission. Anita Martinez, a night clerk at the hotel, said that Mr. Landry told her, "It was because of you immigrants that the 'no' won," and added, "Why is it that we open the doors to this country so you can vote 'no' " to Quebec sovereignty?.[8] Landry himself firmly denied having ever been either impolite to the two women, nor having ever made the comments regarding immigrants.
Landry becamePremier of Quebec on March 8, 2001, following the resignation ofLucien Bouchard.[9] He was aQuebec sovereigntist advocating a supranational confederation of Quebec and Canada, inspired by the institutions of theEuropean Union. As such, he was one of the most faithful followers of René Lévesque and the othersovereignty-associationists.
In 2001, Landry was critical about Quebec receiving an extra $1.5 billion inequalization payments calling it degrading Quebec status and accused Ottawa for short-changing the province for decades by stating "Receiving equalization payments for more than 40 years in a row is clear evidence that the central government failed in redistributing real wealth,".[10]
During the Parti Québécois leadership race of 2001, Landry criticized the federal government's policy of prominently displaying themaple leaf on federal government buildings and programs by saying, "Le Québec ne ferait pas le trottoir pour un bout de chiffon rouge" (Quebec does not prostitute itself for a piece of red cloth). Landry's aggressive remarks were widely criticized for insulting the Canadian flag, particularly among English-language media which renderedchiffon as "rag".[11] Landry subsequently apologized but insisted that his words had been mistranslated. Landry's opponents used the controversy to undermine his national political cachet.[12]
In 2003, Landry lost theQuebec general election toJean Charest'sQuebec Liberal Party.[13] A renowned documentary namedÀ hauteur d'homme about his viewpoint of the election was produced in 2003. At the August 2004 Parti Québécois National Council, after a long period of reflection that began the day after the election, he announced on August 27, 2004, that he would remain president of the party, and lead the PQ to the next election in order to bring Quebec to independence. However, on June 4, 2005, Landry announced he would resign as party leader after gaining 76.2% approval in a leadership confidence vote at a party convention in Quebec City, which he did not consider sufficient support.[14][15]
After retirement, Landry stayed active in politics as a critic and to encourage young people to be involved in politics.[2]
Articles
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Quotations related toBernard Landry at Wikiquote
Media related toBernard Landry at Wikimedia Commons| Government offices | ||
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| Preceded by | Minister of Finance (Quebec) 1985 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Minister of Finance (Quebec) 1996–2001 | Succeeded by |
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