Benjamin Huntsman (4 June 1704 – 20 June 1776)[1] was anEnglish inventor and manufacturer of cast orcrucible steel.[2]
Huntsman was born the fourth child of William and Mary (née Nainby) Huntsman, aQuaker farming couple, inEpworth,Lincolnshire. Some sources suggest that his parents were German immigrants,[3] but it seems that they were both born in Lincolnshire.[4]
Huntsman started business as a clock, lock and tool maker inDoncaster, Yorkshire. His reputation enabled him to also practice surgery in an experimental fashion and he was also consulted as anoculist.[5]
Huntsman experimented in steel manufacture, first at Doncaster. Then, in 1740, he moved toHandsworth, near Sheffield. Eventually, after many experiments, Huntsman was able to make satisfactorycast steel, in clay potcrucibles, each holding about 34 pounds (15 kg) ofblistered steel. Aflux was added, and they were covered and heated by means ofcoke for about three hours. The molten steel was then poured into moulds and the crucibles reused. The first object to contain Crucible Cast Steel, was a longcase clock, made by Huntsman. It is on display in theEnid Hattersley Gallery atKelham Island Museum.[6] The localcutlery manufacturers refused to buy Huntsman's cast steel, as it was harder than the German steel they were accustomed to using. For a long time, Huntsman exported his whole output toFrance.[5]
The growing competition of imported Frenchcutlery made from Huntsman's cast-steel alarmed the Sheffield cutlers, who, after trying unsuccessfully to get the export of the steel prohibited by the British government, were compelled to use it in the interests of self-preservation. Huntsman had not patented his process, and his secret was discovered by a Sheffield iron-founder called Walker.[5] Walker, according to legend, entered Huntsman's works in the disguise of a starving beggar asking to sleep by a fire for the night.[7]
In 1770, Huntsman moved his enterprise to Worksop Road inAttercliffe, where he prospered until his death in 1776 and was laid to rest with a commemorative tomb in theHilltop Cemetery,Attercliffe Common. The business was taken over by his son, William Huntsman (1733–1809).[5]
AtSheffield'sNorthern General Hospital one of the original main buildings is named after him, and in the city centre is aWetherspoons pub calledThe Benjamin Huntsman.[8]
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Huntsman, Benjamin".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 955.| International | |
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