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Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Belgium in the
Eurovision Song Contest
Eurovision Song Contest
Belgium
Participating broadcasterRadio-télévision belge de la Communauté française (RTBF; 1978–present)
Formerly
  • Institut national de radiodiffusion (INR; 1956–1960)[a]
  • Radiodiffusion-télévision belge (RTB; 1961–1977)
Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroeporganisatie (VRT; 1998–present)
Formerly
  • Nationaal Instituut voor de Radio-omroep (NIR; 1956–1960)[a]
  • Belgische Radio- en Televisieomroep (BRT; 1961–1990)
  • Belgische Radio- en Televisieomroep Nederlandstalige Uitzendingen (BRTN; 1991–1997)
Participation summary
Appearances66 (54 finals)
First appearance1956
Highest placement1st:1986
Host1987
External links
Belgium's page at Eurovision.tvEdit this at Wikidata
For the most recent participation see
Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest 2025

Belgium has been represented at theEurovision Song Contest 66 times since making its debut as one of seven countries at the first contest in1956. The only countries with more appearances areGermany (68),France (67) and theUnited Kingdom (67). Belgium has been absent only three times in total, in1994,1997, and2001, due to low scores in the previous contests that relegated them from the contest. Belgium has won the contest once, in1986.

In the first 20 years of the contest, Belgium's best result was a fourth place with "Un peu de poivre, un peu de sel" performed byTonia in1966. In1978, "L'amour ça fait chanter la vie" byJean Vallée achieved Belgium's first top three placement, when it was second. "J'aime la vie" became the first and to date only win for Belgium in 1986, performed by a 13-year-oldSandra Kim. Belgium's only other top three result came in2003, when "Sanomi" byUrban Trad finished second, losing out by only two points. Belgium has finished last in the contest eight times, most recently in2000, and has twice receivednul points, in1962 and1965.

After the introduction of the semi-finals in2004, Belgium failed to reach the final for five consecutive years (2005–09). Since 2010, Belgium has become more successful, qualifying for the final in eight out of fifteen contests and placing in the top ten five times, with "Me and My Guitar" byTom Dice (sixth in2010), "Rhythm Inside" byLoïc Nottet (fourth in2015), "What's the Pressure" byLaura Tesoro (tenth in2016), "City Lights" byBlanche (fourth in2017), and "Because of You" byGustaph (seventh in2023).

Participation

[edit]

Belgium is a federal country divided into two major linguistic regions: Dutch-speakingFlanders in the north and French-speakingWallonia in the south, each region having its own broadcaster:Vlaamse Radio- en Televisieomroeporganisatie (VRT)[b] in Flanders andRadio-télévision belge de la Communauté française (RTBF)[c] in Wallonia. Both broadcasters are full members of theEuropean Broadcasting Union (EBU), thus eligible to participate in theEurovision Song Contest. As only one entrant per country is allowed in the contest in any given year, they take turns in participate representing Belgium. Since 2021, VRT has been in charge on odd years while RTBF has been in charge on even years, with both broadcasters sharing the broadcasting rights.

Contest history

[edit]

Belgium has participated in Eurovision since the very first contest in1956, howeverTonia's fourth place at the1966 contest remained the country's most notable achievement untilJean Vallée placed second in1978. In the 80s, following good results forStella (fourth in1982) andJacques Zegers (fifth in1984), Belgium finished last for the sixth time in1985. This was followed by Belgium's first and (as of 2025[update]) only Eurovision victory in1986, whenSandra Kim won with her song "J'aime la vie". Although the lyrics claimed she was 15 years old, she was actually only 13 which prompted runner-up Switzerland to petition for her disqualification, to no avail.[d] By winning in 1986, Belgium became the last of the seven Eurovision founding countries to win the contest, as Switzerland, the Netherlands, France, Luxembourg, Italy and Germany all had won at least once before. Belgium scored an absolute record at the time, with Kim earning a never-seen-before number of 176 points (that record remained until 1993, with Ireland scoring 187 points). With an average of 9.26 points per voting nation and 77.2% of the maximum possible score, as of 2022[update], Kim's record still ranks eighth among all Eurovision winners.

Belgium finished last for the seventh time at the1993 contest, before achieving its only top ten result of the 90s decade at the1998 contest, whereMélanie Cohl finished sixth. In the 2000s, Belgium experienced mixed fortunes: the country started the decade by finishing last for the eighth and (as of 2022[update]) final time at the2000 contest inStockholm, before achieving its best result of the 21st century in2003 whenUrban Trad sang in an imaginary language and earned second place with 165 points, losing out to Turkey'sSertab Erener by just two points. The country then failed to qualify from the semi-finals for 5 consecutive contests from 2005 to 2009.

The2010 entry for Belgium wasTom Dice, runner-up of theBelgian Flemish version ofThe X Factor in 2008. Dice finished first in his semi-final, allowing Belgium to participate in the final for the first time since 2004 and eventually finishing sixth overall, Belgium's best result since 2003 and the best result ever for a Flemish entrant (tied with1959).[1] Belgium then experienced a mix of ups and downs for the remainder of the 2010s: while the country failed to qualify for the final on five occasions (in 2011, 2012, 2014, 2018 and 2019), Belgium qualified in 2013 (withRoberto Bellarosa placing 12th) before scoring a three-year streak in the top ten, thanks toLoïc Nottet (fourth in2015),Laura Tesoro (tenth in2016) andBlanche (fourth in2017). Following two non-qualifications in 2018 and 2019, Belgium recorded three consecutive qualifications withHooverphonic (2021),Jérémie Makiese (2022) andGustaph (2023), the latter finishing in seventh place overall. Two more non-qualifications followed in 2024 and 2025.

Disparity between broadcasters

[edit]

There has been a significant difference in the results achieved by the Belgian participating broadcasters.[2] The Walloon broadcasters recorded Belgium's only win in1986, all of Belgium's ten top-five placements, and 18 out of Belgium's 26 top ten placements. On the other hand, the Flemish broadcasters have placed in the top ten eight times, while scoring six out of Belgium's eight last-place finishes.[2] In the 1990s, therelegation rule was introduced, where the lowest-placing countries would not be allowed to compete the following year, to accommodate for the growing number of participating countries. Belgium was relegated three times, in1994,1997, and2001; twice following a poor placing by a Flemish BRTN act the previous year, and once after Walloon RTBF act, "Envie de vivre" byNathalie Sorce, placed last in 2000.[2]

Since the introduction of semi-finals in 2004, the broadcasters have scored similarly in terms of qualification: as of 2025[update], RTBF and VRT each qualified four times out of ten semi-finals.[3]

Participation overview

[edit]
Table key
1First place
2Second place
3Third place
Last place
XEntry selected but did not compete
YearArtistSongLanguageFinalPointsSemiPoints
1956Fud Leclerc"Messieurs les noyés de la Seine"French[e][e]No semi-finals
Mony Marc"Le Plus Beau Jour de ma vie"French
1957Bobbejaan Schoepen"Straatdeuntje"Dutch85
1958Fud Leclerc"Ma petite chatte"French58
1959Bob Benny"Hou toch van mij"Dutch69
1960Fud Leclerc"Mon amour pour toi"French69
1961Bob Benny"September, gouden roos"Dutch15 ◁1
1962Fud Leclerc"Ton nom"French13 ◁0
1963Jacques Raymond"Waarom?"Dutch104
1964Robert Cogoi"Près de ma rivière"French102
1965Lize Marke"Als het weer lente is"Dutch15 ◁0
1966Tonia"Un peu de poivre, un peu de sel"French414
1967Louis Neefs"Ik heb zorgen"Dutch78
1968Claude Lombard"Quand tu reviendras"French78
1969Louis Neefs"Jennifer Jennings"Dutch710
1970Jean Vallée"Viens l'oublier"French85
1971Jacques Raymond andLily Castel"Goeie morgen, morgen"Dutch1468
1972Serge and Christine Ghisoland"À la folie ou pas du tout"French1755
1973Nicole and Hugo"Baby Baby"Dutch17 ◁58
1974Jacques Hustin"Fleur de liberté"French910
1975Ann Christy"Gelukkig zijn"Dutch, English1517
1976Pierre Rapsat"Judy et Cie"French868
1977Dream Express"A Million in One, Two, Three"English769
1978Jean Vallée"L'amour ça fait chanter la vie"French2125
1979Micha Marah"Hey Nana"Dutch18 ◁5
1980Telex"Euro-Vision"French1714
1981Emly Starr"Samson"Dutch1340
1982Stella"Si tu aimes ma musique"French496
1983Pas de Deux"Rendez-vous"Dutch1813
1984Jacques Zegers"Avantila vie"French570
1985Linda Lepomme"Laat me nu gaan"Dutch19 ◁7
1986Sandra Kim"J'aime la vie"French1176
1987Liliane Saint-Pierre"Soldiers of Love"Dutch1156
1988Reynaert"Laissez briller le soleil"French185
1989Ingeborg"Door de wind"Dutch1913
1990Philippe Lafontaine"Macédomienne"French1246
1991Clouseau"Geef het op"Dutch1623
1992Morgane"Nous on veut des violons"French2011
1993Barbara"Iemand als jij"Dutch25 ◁3Kvalifikacija za Millstreet
1995Frédéric Etherlinck"La voix est libre"French208No semi-finals
1996Lisa del Bo"Liefde is een kaartspel"Dutch16221245
1998Mélanie Cohl"Dis oui"French6122No semi-finals
1999Vanessa Chinitor"Like the Wind"English1238
2000Nathalie Sorce"Envie de vivre"French24 ◁2
2002Sergio and the Ladies"Sister"English1333
2003Urban Trad"Sanomi"Imaginary2165
2004Xandee"1 Life"English227Top 11 in2003 contest[f]
2005Nuno Resende"Le Grand Soir"FrenchFailed to qualify2229
2006Kate Ryan"Je t'adore"English1269
2007The KMG's"Love Power"English2614
2008Ishtar"O Julissi"Imaginary1716
2009Copycat"Copycat"English171
2010Tom Dice"Me and My Guitar"English61431167
2011Witloof Bay"With Love Baby"EnglishFailed to qualify1153
2012Iris"Would You?"English1716
2013Roberto Bellarosa"Love Kills"English1271575
2014Axel Hirsoux"Mother"EnglishFailed to qualify1428
2015Loïc Nottet"Rhythm Inside"English42172149
2016Laura Tesoro"What's the Pressure"English101813274
2017Blanche"City Lights"English43634165
2018Sennek"A Matter of Time"EnglishFailed to qualify1291
2019Eliot"Wake Up"English1370
2020Hooverphonic"Release Me"EnglishContest cancelled[g]X
2021Hooverphonic"The Wrong Place"English19749117
2022Jérémie Makiese"Miss You"English19648151
2023Gustaph"Because of You"English7182890
2024Mustii"Before the Party's Over"EnglishFailed to qualify1318
2025Red Sebastian"Strobe Lights"English1423

Hostings

[edit]
YearLocationVenuePresenter
1987BrusselsCentenary PalaceViktor Lazlo

Awards

[edit]

Barbara Dex Award

[edit]
Further information:Barbara Dex Award
YearPerformerHost cityRef.
2000Nathalie SorceSwedenStockholm

Related involvement

[edit]

Conductors

[edit]
YearConductor[h]NotesRef.
1956Léo Souris[5]
1957GermanyWilly BerkingHost conductor
1958NetherlandsDolf van der Linden
1959Francis Bay
1960Henri Segers
1961Francis Bay
1962Henri Segers
1963Francis Bay
1964Henri Segers
1965Gaston Nuyts
1966Luxembourg Jean RoderesHost conductor
1967Francis Bay
1968Henri Segers
1969Francis Bay
1970Jack Say[6]
1971Francis Bay
1972Henri Segers
1973Francis Bay
1974France Pierre Chiffre
1975Francis Bay
1976FranceMichel Bernholc
1977United KingdomAlyn Ainsworth
1978France Jean Musy
1979Francis Bay
1980No conductor[7]
1981Giuseppe Marchese
1982Jack Say
1983Freddy Sunder
1984Jo Carlier
1985SwedenCurt-Eric HolmquistHost conductor
1986Jo Carlier
1987Freddy Sunder[i]
1988Daniel Willem
1989Freddy Sunder
1990Rony Brack
1991Roland Verlooven
1992Frank Fievez
1993Bert Candries
1995Alec Mansion
1996Bob Porter
1998No conductor

Commentators and spokespersons

[edit]

Over the years, commentary for the contest on VRT and RTBF has been provided by several experienced radio and television presenters, including Piet de Nuyl Jr.,Jacques Mercier,Luc Appermont andPaule Herreman. From 1991,André Vermeulen provided the Dutch-language commentary every year except 1996.Jean-Pierre Hautier provided French-language commentary from 1994 to 2012, later dying shortly after the 2012 contest. In 1962, BRT retransmitted the commentary feed from the Dutch broadcasterNTS, possibly for financial reasons.

VRT supplied an additional commentator to join André Vermeulen starting in 1998; between 1999 and 2010, dual commentary was provided by eitherBart Peeters orAnja Daems. Peeters provided the commentary during the years when VRT selected the entries, whilst Daems commentated the years in which RTBF selected the entries. Sven Pichal replaced Daems in 2011, whilstPeter Van de Veire replaced Peeters. In 2007, Jean-Louis Lahaye joinedJean-Pierre Hautier as a supplementary commentator for RTBF. After Hautier's death in 2012, Lahaye was joined byMaureen Louys in 2013.

Television and radio broadcasts, commentators and spokespersons
YearFlemish Community (VRT)French Community (RTBF)SpokespersonRef.
TelevisionRadioTelevisionRadio
ChannelCommentator(s)ChannelCommentator(s)ChannelCommentator(s)ChannelCommentator(s)
1956NIRPiet te Nuyl Jr.[j]No radio broadcastINRRaymond Colbert [fr][k]No radio broadcastNo spokesperson[8][9]
1957UnknownBrussel VlaamsUnknownRobert Beauvais[l]Unknown[10][11]
1958No radio broadcastUnknownBruxelles IUnknown[12][13]
1959Paula SémerPaule HerremanNo radio broadcast[14][15]
1960Nic Bal [nl]Pierre Tchernia[16][17]
1961BRTRTBRobert Beauvais[l][18][19][20]
1962Willem Duys[j]Unknown[21][22][23]
1963Bob Boon [nl] and Denise MaesPierre Delhasse[24][25][26]
1964UnknownUnknown[27][28]
1965Premier ProgrammeUnknown[29][30]
1966[31][32][33]
1967Herman Verelst [nl]Paule HerremanRTB 3[34][35][36][37][38]
1968UnknownRTB 1[39][40]
1969Jan Theys [nl]Eugène Senelle[41][42][43][44][45]
1970BRT 2 Omroep Brabant [nl]Rudi SiniaUnknownUnknown[42][46][47][48]
1971Anton PetersFred Braeckman [nl]Paule HerremanNo spokesperson[49][50][51]
1972UnknownNo radio broadcast[52]
1973BRT 1Unknown[53][54][55][56]
1974Herman VerelstHerman VerelstUnknown[57][58][59][60]
1975Jen Geysen [nl] and Robrecht WillaertJen Geysen and Robrecht WillaertUnknownNo radio broadcast[61][62]
1976UnknownUnknownPaule Herreman[63]
1977TV1Luc AppermontRTB1Unknown[64][65]
1978No radio broadcastRTBF1[66]
1979UnknownPaule Herreman[67][68]
1980Luc AppermontJacques MercierRTBF Radio 1Unknown[69][70]
1981Unknown[71][72][73]
1982Jacques MercierRTBF Radio 1,Bruxelles 21[74][75][76][77]
1983BRT 2UnknownTélé 2RTBF Radio 1[78][79][80]
1984RTBF1, Télé 2Unknown[81][82][83]
1985Luc AppermontRTBF1[84][85]
1986UnknownRTBF1, Télé 2Patrick Duhamel [fr][86]
1987RTBF1UnknownRadio Deux [fr]UnknownAn Ploegaerts[87][88][89][90]
1988Pierre Collard-BovyUnknownUnknown[91][92]
1989Ann LepèreJacques Mercier[93][94]
1990TV2UnknownClaude Delacroix[95][96][97]
1991TV1, TV2André VermeulenRadio 2[98][99]
1992Marc Brillouet [nl] andJulien Put [nl][100][101][102][103]
1993TV1No radio broadcastRTBF1,Télé 21[104][105]
1994TV2Radio 2Marc Brillouet and Julien PutRTBF1Jean-Pierre HautierDid not participate[106][107][108]
1995TV1UnknownMarie-Françoise Renson[109][110][111][112][113]
1996Michel Follet andJohan VerstrekenRadio 2Guy De Pré [nl] and Bart PietersJean-Pierre Hautier andSandra KimAn Ploegaerts[114][115][116][117][118][119]
1997André VermeulenNo radio broadcastRTBF La 1Jean-Pierre HautierDid not participate[110][120][121]
1998André Vermeulen andAndrea Croonenberghs [nl]Radio 2André Vermeulen and Andrea CroonenberghsMarie-Hélène Vanderborght[122][123][124][125]
1999André Vermeulen andBart PeetersNo radio broadcastSabine De Vos [nl][126][127][128][129]
2000André Vermeulen andAnja DaemsLa UneNo radio broadcastThomas Van Hamme[130][131][132][133]
2001Did not participate[134][135][136]
2002André Vermeulen and Bart PeetersRadio 2Filip Pletinckx andKatrien Palmers [nl]Geena Lisa Peeters [nl][127][137][138]
Radio DonnaJan Bosman [nl]
2003André Vermeulen and Anja DaemsNo radio broadcastLa Une,RTBF SatCorinne Boulangier [fr][139][140][141][142]
2004UnknownLa Une(Final)La Première(Final)UnknownMartine Prenen [nl][143][144][145][146][147]
2005EénAndré Vermeulen and Anja DaemsLa Une, RTBF SatJean-Louis Lahaye [fr](Semi-final)
Jean-Pierre Hautier(Final)
No radio broadcastArmelle Gysen [fr][140][148][149][150][151][152][153][154]
2006André Vermeulen and Bart PeetersRadio 2UnknownJean-Pierre HautierYasmine[155][156][157][158][159][160][161]
2007André Vermeulen and Anja DaemsNo radio broadcastJean-Louis Lahaye and Jean-Pierre HautierLa PremièreUnknownMaureen Louys[162][163][164][165][166][167][168]
2008Eén(SF1/Final)
Eén+ [nl](SF2)
André Vermeulen and Bart PeetersLa Une(SF1/Final)No radio broadcastSandrine Van Handenhoven [nl][169][170][171][172][173]
2009EénAndré Vermeulen and Anja DaemsLa Une, RTBF SatMaureen Louys[174][175][176][177][178][179][180]
2010André Vermeulen and Bart PeetersLa UneKatja Retsin [nl]
2011André Vermeulen andSven PichalRadio 2André Vermeulen and Sven PichalMaureen Louys[181][182][183]
2012éénAndré Vermeulen andPeter Van de VeireAndré Vermeulen and Peter Van de VeirePeter Van de Veire[184][185][186]
2013André Vermeulen andTom De CockAndré Vermeulen and Tom De CockJean-Louis Lahaye and Maureen LouysBarbara Louys [fr][187][188][189]
2014Peter Van de Veire andEva Daeleman [nl]Peter Van de Veire and Eva DaelemanVivaCité(Final)Olivier GilainAngelique Vlieghe[190][191][192][193]
2015Walid[194][195][196][197]
2016Peter Van de VeireNo radio broadcastNo radio broadcastUmesh Vangaver [nl][198][199][200][201]
2017Peter Van de VeireRadio 2Peter Van de VeireVivaCité(SF1/Final)Olivier GilainFanny Gillard [fr][202][203][204][205]
2018No radio broadcastNo radio broadcastDanira Boukhriss[206][207][208]
2019één(SF1/Final)
Ketnet(SF2)
David Jeanmotte [fr][209][210][211][212][213]
2020Not announced before cancellation
2021éénPeter Van de VeireRadio 2(Final)Anja Daems andShowbizz Bart [nl]La Une, RTBF AuvioJean-Louis Lahaye andFanny Jandrain [fr][m]VivaCitéJean-Louis Lahaye and Fanny JandrainDanira Boukhriss[214][215][216][217][218]
KetnetDutchaudio description
2022éénPeter Van de VeireNo radio broadcastLa UneJean-Louis Lahaye and Maureen LouysJean-Louis Lahaye and Maureen LouysDavid Jeanmotte[219][220][221][222][223]
2023VRT 1Radio 2Peter Van de VeireTipik(SF1)
La Une(SF2/Final)
Bart Cannaerts [nl][224][225][226][227]
2024Radio 2(Final)VivaCité(Final)Livia Dushkoff[228][229][230][231][232][233]
2025TBALa Une(SF1/Final)
Tipik(SF2)
TBAManu Van Acker [nl][234][235]

Photo gallery

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Notes and references

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^abcdNationaal Instituut voor de Radio-omroep (NIR) andInstitut national de radiodiffusion (INR) were the two official names of the singleNational Broadcasting Institute [fr;nl] (NIR/INR).
  2. ^Since 1998. Previously:Nationaal Instituut voor de Radio-omroep (NIR; 1956–1960),[a]Belgische Radio- en Televisieomroep (BRT; 1961–1990), andBelgische Radio- en Televisieomroep Nederlandstalige Uitzendingen (BRTN; 1991–1997).
  3. ^Since 1978. Previously:Institut national de radiodiffusion (INR; 1956–1960),[a] andRadiodiffusion-télévision belge (RTB; 1961–1977).
  4. ^Since the1990 contest, the minimum age for participation is 16, meaning that Kim shall remain the youngest winner unless the age limit is waivered.
  5. ^abThe 1956 contest had secret voting and, apart from the winner, no results were released.
  6. ^According to thethen-Eurovision rules, the top ten non-Big Four countries from the previous year along with the Big Four automatically qualified for the Grand Final without having to compete in semi-finals. For example, if Germany and France placed inside the top ten, the 11th and 12th spots were advanced to next year's Grand Final along with all countries ranked in the top ten.
  7. ^The 2020 contest was cancelled due to theCOVID-19 pandemic.
  8. ^All conductors are of Belgian nationality unless otherwise noted.
  9. ^The contest was organized by RTBF, but the Belgian entry was from BRT, hence Walloon Jo Carlier serving as musical director (and conducting for Cyprus) while a Flemish conductor led the Belgian entry.
  10. ^abCommentary provided by the NetherlandsNTS
  11. ^Commentary provided by Switzerland'sTSR
  12. ^abCommentary provided by France'sRTF
  13. ^Jandrain was a late replacement for Maureen Louys, who was absent due to testing positive for COVID-19.

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Eurovision 2010: complete televoting and jury results".wiwibloggs.com. 30 June 2010. Retrieved23 March 2014.
  2. ^abcTielens, Filip (15 May 2021)."Waarom Vlaanderen telkens slecht scoort op het Eurovisiesongfestival".De Standaard. Retrieved16 May 2021.
  3. ^"Belgium".Eurovision.tv.
  4. ^Adams, William Lee (9 July 2015)."Poll: Who was the worst dressed Barbara Dex Award winner?".Wiwibloggs. Retrieved8 December 2019.
  5. ^Roxburgh, Gordon (2012).Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. One: The 1950s and 1960s. Prestatyn:Telos Publishing. pp. 93–101.ISBN 978-1-84583-065-6.
  6. ^Roxburgh, Gordon (2014).Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Two: The 1970s. Prestatyn:Telos Publishing. pp. 142–168.ISBN 978-1-84583-093-9.
  7. ^Roxburgh, Gordon (2016).Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Three: The 1980s. Prestatyn:Telos Publishing.ISBN 978-1-84583-118-9.
  8. ^"Binnen- en buitenlandse televisie programma's van 20 tot 26 mei 1956" [Domestic and foreign television programmes from 20 to 26 May 1956].De radio- en televisieweek (in Dutch). Vol. 12, no. 21.NIR. 20–26 May 1956. p. 19.OCLC 1399842623.
  9. ^"INR: Émissions françaises de télévision" [INR: French television shows].Micro magazine (in French). Vol. 12, no. 580.INR. 20 May 1956. p. 42.OCLC 1400213208.
  10. ^"Binnen- en buitenlandse televisie programma's van 3 tot 9 maart 1957" [Domestic and foreign television programmes from 3 to 9 March 1957].De radio- en televisieweek (in Dutch). Vol. 13, no. 9.Brussels, Belgium:Nationaal Instituut voor de Radio-omroep [nl] (NIR). 3 March 1957. p. 22.OCLC 1399842623.
  11. ^"Brussel Vlaamse uitzendingen" [Brussels Flemish broadcasts].De radio- en televisieweek (in Dutch). Vol. 13, no. 9. Brussels, Belgium:Nationaal Instituut voor de Radio-omroep [nl] (NIR). 3 February 1957. p. 12.OCLC 1399842623.
  12. ^"Vandaag in de TV" [Today on TV].De Standaard (in Dutch).Brussels, Belgium. 12 March 1958. p. 11. Retrieved28 June 2025 – viaBelgicaPress [nl].
  13. ^"À la radio" [On the radio].Le Soir (in French).Brussels, Belgium. 12 March 1958. p. 12. Retrieved5 January 2025 – viaBelgicaPress [nl].
  14. ^"Woensdag 11 mars" [Wednesday 11 March].Humo (in Dutch). Vol. 24, no. 965.Brussels, Belgium. 8 March 1959. pp. 44–45. Retrieved28 August 2025 – viaBelgicaPress [nl].
  15. ^"Mercredi 11 mars" [Wednesday 11 March].Moustique (in French). Vol. 34, no. 1728.Brussels, Belgium. 8 March 1959. pp. 44–45. Retrieved28 August 2025 – viaBelgicaPress [nl].
  16. ^"Dinsdag 29 mars" [Tuesday 29 March].Humo (in Dutch). Vol. 25, no. 1020.Brussels, Belgium. 24 March 1960. pp. 46–49. Retrieved28 August 2025 – viaBelgicaPress [nl].
  17. ^"Mardi 29 mars" [Tuesday 29 March].Moustique (in French). Vol. 35, no. 1783.Brussels, Belgium. 24 March 1960. p. 23. Retrieved28 August 2025 – viaBelgicaPress [nl].
  18. ^"Radio en TV" [Radio and TV].De Standaard (in Dutch).Brussels, Belgium. 18 March 1961. p. 12. Retrieved28 June 2025 – viaBelgicaPress [nl].
  19. ^"Télévision" [Television].Le Soir (in French).Brussels, Belgium. 18 March 1961. p. 10. Retrieved2 February 2025 – viaBelgicaPress [nl].
  20. ^"6ème concours Eurovision de la chanson 1961" [6th Eurovision Song Contest 1961].INA Mediapro (Television broadcast).Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française (RTF). 2023 [18 March 1961]. Retrieved14 April 2024 – viaInstitut national de l'audiovisuel (INA).Robert Beauvis: j'ai la charge d'assurer le commentaire pour le Grand Duché de Luxembourg, Monaco, la Suisse romande et parallèlement [...] Nic Bal, qui le fait en langue flamande pour la Belgique. [Robert Beauvis: I am responsible for ensuring the commentary for the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Monaco, French-speaking Switzerland and in parallel with [...] Nic Bal, who does it in the Flemish language for Belgium.]
  21. ^"Radio en TV" [Radio and TV].De Standaard (in Dutch).Brussels, Belgium. 17 March 1962. p. 21. Retrieved28 June 2025 – viaBelgicaPress [nl].
  22. ^"Télévision" [Television].Le Soir (in French).Brussels, Belgium. 17 March 1962. p. 6. Retrieved31 January 2025 – viaBelgicaPress [nl].
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