Seasons run from late July to late March, with teams playing 30 matches each in the regular season, and then enteringPlay-offs I (also known as theChampionship Playoff,title playoffs orChampions' play-offs[1]) orPlay-offs II (also known as theEuropa League playoff orEurope play-offs[1]) according to their position in the regular season. Play-offs I are contested by the top-six clubs in the regular season, with each club playing each other twice. The teams finishing in 15th and 16th place are relegated directly, however, the 14th place team plays a promotion-relegation play-off against the 3rd place team of the Challenger Pro League.
The competition was created in 1895 by theRoyal Belgian Football Association and was first won byFC Liégeois. Of the 74 clubs to have competed in the first division since its creation, 16 have been crowned champions of Belgium.Anderlecht is the most successful league club with 34 titles, followed byClub Brugge (19),Union Saint-Gilloise (11) andStandard Liège (10). It is currently ranked 8th in theUEFA rankings of leagues based on performances in European competitions over the last five-years.[2] The competition was ranked 3rd when the UEFA first published their ranking in 1979 and also the next year in 1980, which is the best ranking the Belgian First Division has ever achieved.
The first league in Belgian football was held in1895–96 as around-robin tournament with seven teams:Antwerp FC,FC Brugeois,FC Liégeois,RC de Bruxelles,Léopold Club de Bruxelles,SC de Bruxelles, andUnion d'Ixelles. FC Liégeois became the first champion of Belgium. The first eight titles in Belgian football were all won by FC Liégeois or RC de Bruxelles. There was no promotion and relegation system at the time, but the last two finishers (FC Brugeois and Union d'Ixelles) withdrew and a new club entered the competition (Athletic and Running Club de Bruxelles). During the1896–97 season, SC de Bruxelles withdrew, so the1897–98 season was played by five clubs. In the seasons1898–99 and1899–1900, the football association introduced a new format with two leagues at the top level and a final game in two legs. The format changed back to one league with nine clubs in1900–01, then again to two leagues from1901–02 to1903–04, this time with a final round among the top two teams of each league. In1904–05, the championship was organised with one league of 11 teams. Athletic and Running Club de Bruxelles withdrew during the season and, from the1906 season on, a system of promotion and relegation was introduced with the winner of the second division replacing the last-placed team of the first division.[citation needed]
In1906–07,Union Saint-Gilloise won their fourth consecutive title as RC de Bruxelles had from 1899–1900 to 1902–03. Both clubs claimed the next three titles beforeCS Brugeois won their first title, finishing one point ahead their rival of FC Brugeois. At the end of the 1907–08 season, the number of teams in the first division was increased from 10 to 12 clubs, with Promotion championRC de Gand and runner-upESC Forest being promoted while no first division was relegated. AsWorld War I approached, Daring Club de Bruxelles confirmed its status of challenger, even winning the title in1911–12 and1913–14. Only Union Saint-Gilloise could face them in that period, winning the1912–13 championship with a better goal difference. Since 1911–12, two clubs are relegated each year to the Promotion and two clubs from the Promotion are promoted.[3]
During World War I, the football championship was suspended. It resumed in1919–20 with FC Brugeois claiming their first title after five second places, among which were two lost final games and one lost test-match. At the end of the1920–21 season, the number of teams was increased from 12 to 14, with onlyUccle Sport, the last-placed team of the first division, being relegated, and the first three teams from the Promotion being promoted (Standard Club Liégeois,FC Malinois, andRSC Anderlechtois). From1921–22 to1931–32, the decade was dominated by teams from the province ofAntwerp:Beerschot AC, withRaymond Braine, won their first five titles, Antwerp FC their first two and the small club ofLiersche SK (led by strikerBernard Voorhoof) won their first one in 1931–32. The challengers at the time were CS Brugeois (two titles in that period), Union Saint-Gilloise (one title), Daring Club de Bruxelles and Standard Club Liégeois. Starting 25 December 1932, Union Saint-Gilloise had a record 60 games unbeaten run in the championship (spanning three seasons), winning the1932–33,1933–34, and1934–35 titles. The rival of Union during this period wasDaring Club de Bruxelles. They claimed the next two championships. Following the come-back of playerRaymond Braine to Beerschot, theAntwerp club won the last two titles beforeWorld War II.[citation needed]
On 10 May 1940, German troops invaded Belgium and the seasons 1939–40 and 1940–41 were suspended. The competition resumed in September 1941 and Liersche SK won their second title. At the end of the season, no club was relegated and the number of clubs was increased from 14 to 16. Thenext season, Liersche SK lost three key players (two of them in a bomb attack and the other one due to a heavy injury sustained on the pitch) and they ended at 3rd place while the neighbours ofKV Mechelen became champion for the first time in their history. In1943–44, Antwerp FC won the title. The league was suspended again in 1944–45 because of World War II.[4]
The league resumed play in1945–46 with a title for KV Mechelen. At the start of that season, the First Division went from 16 to 19 clubs, with three clubs promoted from the First Division and no team being relegated. Thetop scorer award was also introduced that season, won byBert De Cleyn from KV Mechelen. Two seasons later, five clubs were relegated and two promoted. In1946–47, RSC Anderlechtois won their first championship withJef Mermans as the key striker and they dominated the Belgian football over the next 9 years with 6 more titles, with KV Mechelen (in1947–48) and FC Liégeois (in1951–52 and1952–53) claiming the remaining titles. TheBelgian Golden Shoe award was introduced in 1954, rewarding the best player in the first division for the past calendar year, thus over two half seasons.[citation needed]
In the late 1950s Standard lifted the trophy for the first time in1957–58 and they eventually became one of Anderlecht's biggest rivals in the league (until their 8th title in1982–83). The other titles in the late 1950s were won by Antwerp FC and Anderlecht. In the 1960s, the Anderlecht team ofPaul Van Himst claimed six titles (with the Belgian record of five consecutives titles between1963–64 and1967–68), while Standard claimed three and Lierse one. Standard, with key playerWilfried Van Moer, won the first two titles of the 1970s, which gave them their only treble so far (together with the1968–69 title).1974–75 was the only season with as many as 20 clubs in the league's history. Belgian clubs started to perform well in European Cups in the 1970s, with Anderlecht winning the1975–76 European Cup Winners' Cup and Club Brugge losing toLiverpool F.C. in the1975–76 UEFA Cupfinal. The following season, Anderlecht lost toHamburger SV in theCup Winners' Cup final and in1977–78 won for the second time, while Club Brugge lost theEuropean Cup to Liverpool F.C.. In the Belgian First Division, Club Brugge claimed four titles in the decade, while Anderlecht claimed two andR White Daring Molenbeek (the successor of Daring Club de Bruxelles) withJohan Boskamp andKSK Beveren with goalkeeperJean-Marie Pfaff each claimed their first Belgian championship.[citation needed]
In the 1980s, the European successes continued for Belgian clubs with Standard reaching the1981–82 European Cup Winners' Cup final, Anderlecht winning the1982–83 UEFA Cup and losing thenext UEFA Cup final and KV Mechelen winning the1987–88 European Cup Winners' Cup. In the domestic league, Anderlecht won their 20th title in1986–87, which was also the 4th of the decade. Club Brugge and Standard each won two titles in the 1980s and KSK Beveren and KV Mechelen one each.[citation needed]
In the 1990s, Belgium's teams performances were diminished in European competitions, with only RSC Anderlecht and Royal Antwerp FC reaching theEuropean Cup Winners' Cup final, respectively in1989–90 and in1992–93. In the home league, RSC Anderlecht took four titles during the decade, while Club Brugge cemented their status as main contender with four titles. The remaining two titles went to Lierse SK and newcomerRacing Genk. The 2000s brought a bright European start, with Anderlecht reaching the second group stage in the2000–01 UEFA Champions League, but the rest of the decade Belgian clubs were again not very successful in European competitions. In the league, RSC Anderlecht won five titles in the decade, with Club Brugge claiming two titles and Racing Genk taking their second title. At the end of the decade,Standard Liège returned as a title contender with two consecutive titles, 25 years after their1982–83 title. At the end of the 2000s, the highest level in Belgian football was reshaped, with a play-off round after the regular season. RSC Anderlecht won thefirst championship in this new format, which was their 30th title.[citation needed] After another two titles for Anderlecht,KAA Gent was the surprise winner of the Championship in 2015. The following seven years, Club Brugge would win the league five times. Anderlecht and Genk won the title on the other occasions.Union Saint-Gilloise came close to shocking the footballing world by almost winning the league in2021–22. In their first season at the top flight in 48 years, they started the play-offs in first place, but came just short of denying Club Brugge their third consecutive title.[5]
The competition format has undergone several changes since 2009, but the most significant one was the introduction of playoffs after completion of the regular season from the 2009–10 season. At that time the number of teams also decreased from 18 to 16 and there was the introduction of matches being played during theChristmas holidays. The change was initially met with criticism, with many at that time pointing out that the DutchEredivisie has already abandoned playoffs after three seasons. Anderlecht won the first championship in this new format, theBelgian Pro League 2009-10, which was their 30th Belgian championship.
Following the 2015–16 season, the number of professional teams in Belgium was brought down to 24, which mostly affected the teams playing at the second level of the Belgian football pyramid as theBelgian Second Division was replaced by theBelgian First Division B and the number of teams dropped to eight.
Due to the redesign of the UEFA competitions and the extra burden on the football season calendar (4 extra matchdays for clubs in Europe), there was a need to reduce the number of matches in the Belgian League. Despite the playoff format being very successful with added excitement and decisions often at the very end of the season, the clubs could not agree on a format with fewer teams or altered playoffs and hence it was decided end of February 2025 to return to a system without playoffs from the 2026–27 season onwards, while expanding the top division from 16 to 18 teams.
Matches are usually played on Saturdays at 20.00; however, some matchdays are played on Wednesdays. Furthermore, in recent years, some games are played on Fridays or during the weekend at different times (e.g., Saturday at 18.00 or Sunday at 13.00 or 20.00), as decided by the owner of television rights. Each team playing the Pro League must have been granted the Belgian professional football license guaranteeing the club has no excessive debts, has a secure stadium, etc. This was introduced in the 2001–02 season to decrease the number of teams in the division and ensure a higher level of professionalism in the clubs playing in the top flight of Belgian football. Originally, clubs that could not get the license were supposed not to be replaced (and sent to thethird division). However, it is still not effective as, for example,KSK Beveren finished 18th (last) in 2001–2002, but was saved asKSC Eendracht Aalst (17th) andRWD Molenbeek (10th) were refused their license.
Each of the 16 competitors in the Pro League plays every other team twice in the regular season, for a total of 30 matches between August and April. A win earns three points and a draw earns one point. Teams are ranked by total points, then by total wins and finally by goal difference, number of scored goals, number of away goals, and number of away wins. If teams are still level, a test-match is played in two legs to determine the final order in the standings. A playoff phase is then played from May.
The point system in the championship playoff is the same as during the regular season, except that each team starts with half of the points they won in the regular season, rounded up to the nearest integer. The points gained by rounding are deducted in the case of a tie.
The top six teams from the regular season enter the championship playoff, with the first-placed team winning the championship of Belgium. Each team plays their opponents twice and the teams are ranked by points, points from rounding, wins, etc. as in the regular season.
Until 2016, the teams ranked 7 to 14 after the regular season enter the playoffs 2, with teams ranked 7th, 9th, 12th, and 14th entering group A and teams ranked 8th, 10th, 11th, and 13th entering group B. In each group, each team plays each of its three opponents twice. The winner of each group played the final game in two legs to determine the winner of the playoffs 2. The winner of the playoffs 2 then plays a home and away game against either the fourth-place or fifth-place team from the playoffs 1 for the final Europa League ticket, with the opponent depending on whether the Belgian Cup winner ended in the top four of the playoff 1 or not.
From 2016, the system was changed as now the teams ranked 7 to 16 are joined by six teams from theBelgian First Division B and divided into four groups of four teams. The winners of each groups now play a single match to determine the overall playoff winner, with the winner playing the fifth-placed team from playoff 1 in a single match for the final Europa League ticket.
Until 2015, a relegation playoff was played between the teams ranked 15th and 16th after the regular season. It consisted of five games between the two teams. The 15th-placed team started the playoffs with three points whereas the 16th-placed team started from zero. The loser of the relegation playoff was relegated to the second division. The winner of that playoff had to enter theBelgian Second Division final round with three teams from the second division. The winner of this Final Round played in the First Division the season thereafter.
From 2015 to 2023, the relegation playoff ceased to exist, as now the 16th-place team relegates directly, whereas the 15th placed team takes part in the Europa League playoff. The2015–16 Belgian Pro League was an exception as during that season the 15th placed team did not take part in any playoff, with the season for that team ending after the regular season.
From 2023 onwards, the relegation play-off was played between the teams ranked 13th and 16th after the regular season. After the relegation play-off battle, two teams are relegated directly to the Challenger Pro League and one team will play against 3rd place of Challenger Pro League due to avoid relegation.
For the 2010–11 season, the Belgian champion and the runner-up qualify for the 3rdUEFA Champions League qualifying round (of 4).[6] TheBelgian Cup winner (or the Cup finalist if the Cup winner finished first or second in the league) qualifies for the play-off of theUEFA Europa League. The third-placed team (or the fourth-placed team if the Cup winner finished third in the league) qualifies for the 3rd and last qualifying round and the winner of the game between the play-offs 2 winner and the fourth-placed team (or the fifth-placed team if the Cup winner finished fourth) qualifies for the 2nd qualifying round.[7]
The Belgian Football Association sells the television rights for the Belgian First Division every three years. In 2005, the newly created Belgian TV channelProximus TV bought the TV rights for a record amount of €36 million per season until 2019–20.
In May 2008, the rights were again sold to Belgacom TV in association with both public broadcastersVRT (Dutch) andRTBF (French) for an amount of €45.7 million per season.[8] RTBF and VRT thus received the rights to show summaries of first division games, as well as rights to a weekly magazine on the competition. Belgacom TV received the rights to show each game in the competition.
On 12 June 2020 Aser'sEleven Sports and the Pro League reached an agreement on the new domestic and international media contract for the coming five years. As exclusive global rights holder, Eleven Sports will air the rights of all Pro League competitions for the next five seasons from 2020–21 until 2024–25, with both public broadcasters Play 4 (Dutch) and RTBF (French) lands the rights for highlights again.[9][10]
A total of 75 clubs have played in the first division since its creation in 1895. Among those 75 clubs, 44 still exist and the 30 other clubs either went into liquidation or merged with another club.
Players in the Belgian First Division can be of any nationality and a club can sign as many foreign players as desired. The first club to start a game with 11 foreign players wasKSC Lokeren in 2001. Every year, players are elected forBelgian Golden Shoe awards, the highest awards a player can receive in Belgian competitions, but also forBelgian professional football awards. Players with African descent, origin or nationality can claim aBelgian Ebony Shoe award. Players compete also every season for the Belgian First Division top scorer, since the 1945–46 season.
Erwin Vandenbergh is the only player to have claimed the top scorer title four consecutive times, between 1979–80 and 1982–83 (the first three times while atLierse SK and the last time while atRSC Anderlecht). He is also the player to have claimed the most Belgian First Division top scorer titles in his career (six times with three different clubs: three times with Lierse SK, twice with RSC Anderlecht and once withKAA Gent).Victor Wegria andJosip Weber won the title three consecutive times (resp. between 1958–59 and 1960–61 while atRFC Liégeois and between 1991–92 and 1993–94 while atCercle Brugge KSV). Wegria eventually finished top scorer a 4th time in 1962–63 still with RFC Liégeois, making him the second player with the most top scorer titles in the history of Belgian First Division top scorers.
The introduction of this title of honour in 1945 was maybe a little too late for first winnerBert De Cleyn as this player has scored the most goals in the history of the Belgian First Division since 1895 (350 goals in 395 games between 1932 and 1954 withKV Mechelen), though he won the top scorer title only once. Other players in the top ten of the all-time top scorer ranking in the Belgian First Division includeJoseph Mermans (three times top scorer, 339 goals overall in 382 games with RSC Anderlecht),Bernard Voorhoof (Belgium national football team top scorer, 281 goals in 473 matches with Lierse SK),Rik Coppens (three times top scorer), Erwin Vandenbergh andPaul Van Himst (Belgium top scorer with Bernard Voorhoof, three times top scorer).
The first foreign player to claim the title was DutchmanJan Mulder in 1966–67 with RSC Anderlecht. Since then, 25 foreign players have finished top scorer. Only three foreign players claimed the trophy more than once:Josip Weber (twice as a Croat and once as a Belgian), AustrianAlfred Riedl and most recently FrenchmanJérémy Perbet.
^This table includes results from the 1895–96 season up to and including the 2021–22. No competition was organised from 1914 until 1919 due toWorld War I. The 1939–40, 1940–41 and 1944–45 seasons are not included as these were either not fully completed or deemed unofficial due toWorld War II.
^Beerschot (matricule 13) dissolved in 1999 as part of a merger with Germinal Ekeren to becomeGerminal Beerschot (matricule 3530), which eventually renamed itself Beerschot AC and went bankrupt. Not to be confused with the currentBeerschot VA which evolved out of Beerschot Wilrijk and technically is the successor of FC Wilrijk.