Belavia aircraft in July 1994, showing the previous flag ofBelarus before 1995.Belavia's previous logo (used until 2016)Belavia's head office inMinskA former BelaviaTupolev TU-154M in 2006
On 7 November 1933, the first Belarusian air terminal opened in Minsk. In the next spring, 3Po-2 aircraft landed in Minsk.[5] They became the first aircraft of the Belarusian air fleet. In 1936 the first regular air route between Minsk andMoscow was established.[6] The Belarusian civil aviation group, anAeroflot subdivision, was officially founded in the summer of 1940.[7] That year, Belarusian aviators transported 2,200 passengers, 1,534 doctors, 117 ill people, and 338 tonnes of cargo.[8]
Belarusian civil aviators participated in World War II as part of the Western Civil Air Fleet Group, which included three regiments, and was under the control of theRed Army,[9] From June 1941 to June 1942, they transported 60,149 military personnel, evacuated 37,680 people, carried 583.1 tonnes of ammunition, and dropped 3,106 bombs.[10] Additionally, they assisted Belarusian partisans by transporting 467.9 tonnes of cargo to them and evacuating 1,433 people between 1941 and 1944.[11] Air connection between Minsk and Moscow was restored in 1944.[12]
After the war, the Belarus expanded its air fleet by addingLisunov Li-2 aircraft.[12] Routes toMogilev,Vitebsk,Bobruisk,Gomel,Baranovichi, andPolotsk were introduced.[13] By 1946, the total distance covered by air travel had doubled compared to 1940.[14] Between 1946 and 1950, Belarusian transport aviation carried over 230,000 passengers, 5,227 tonnes of mail, and 7,127 tonnes of cargo. During this period, Belarus also established air connections withBaltic states,Leningrad,Kishinev andKaliningrad.[15]
The Belarusian air fleet saw significant developments throughout the 1950s and 1960s. TheIlyushin Il-12 was introduced in 1951, soon followed by theIlyushin Il-14.[16] Since 1954, flight attendants have appeared on flights.[17] From 1955 onwards, the older Po-2 biplanes were gradually replaced by more modern aircraft like theYakovlev Yak-12 andAntonov An-2.[18]
In the 1960s, the fleet was further expanded. TheAntonov An-12 and later theTupolev Tu-124 began operating on the Moscow-Minsk route.[19] TheAntonov An-24 was introduced in 1967.[20] The number of passengers departing from Belarusian airports grew to 530,000 which was a 7.6-fold increase since 1958.[21] The total length of the republic's air routes expanded to 17,500 kilometers.[22] By the end of the decade, Belavia flew 35 routes of Soviet Union importance and 67 republican ones; it also flew to other countries of theCommunist Bloc, includingEast Germany.[23] In 1972, the fleet was expanded with theYakovlev Yak-40[24] and later with theTupolev Tu-134, Belarus became recognized as the primary center of expertise for this aircraft within the Soviet Union.[25] The 1980s saw the introduction of theTupolev Tu-154.[26]
Average annual passengers carried (in thousands)[27][28]
Upon the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Belarus acquired a substantial fleet of aircraft, comprising 24 Tu-154s, 19 Tu-134s, 18 An-24s, 7 An-26s, and 8 Yak-40s. This fleet was initially part of the Belarusian Civil Aviation Association "Belavia".[25][26]
In 1996, the association underwent reorganization, leading to the formation of the national airline, Belavia, which subsequently joinedIATA the same year. Belavia consolidated its operations by merging with Minskavia in 1998 and Mogilevavia in 2000. In 2003, the fleet expanded with theBoeing 737-500, marking the first introduction of Western-manufactured aircraft into the Belarusian aviation fleet.[26]
Between 2003 and 2009, the airline saw its passenger numbers double and in 2009 handled just under 700,000 customers.[29]
Three leasedBombardier CRJ 100 aircraft were introduced on regional services from Minsk. The first one was delivered in February 2007, with the other two later in 2007. They directly replaced the agingAntonov An-24 andTupolev Tu-134 aircraft.[30] It was looking to lease twoBombardier CRJ-700s in 2010. Belavia had also planned to retire its remainingTupolev Tu-154Ms by 2011 following he retirement of its lastTupolev Tu-134 in summer 2009 which was replaced by an ex-FlyLALBoeing 737-500. On 27 June 2014, an order was announced for threeBoeing 737-800 aircraft to be acquired directly by Belavia. The first of these was delivered in August 2016.[31]
In August 2016, Belavia received their first aircraft with their new livery. This is the first re-branding since the company's founding in 1996 on its 20 years anniversary. The new livery was applied a brand newBoeing 737-800. The much newer 737s replaced the aging Tupolev Tu-154s. On 1 October 2016, Belavia retired their two remainingTupolev Tu-154s from scheduled services as one of the last airlines worldwide to do so.[32]
In 2019, the company employed nearly 1,900 people, and generated a turnover of 374 million euros with an operating result of 49 million euros. During this year it carried almost 4 million passengers, an increase of more than 15% compared to the 2018 figure.[33]
On 24 May 2021, the British government suspended Belavia's operating permit in response to theRyanair Flight 4978 incident.[35] TheEuropean Union and Ukraine subsequently banned Belarusian airliners from entering theirairspace or using their airports, effectively banning Belavia which led to the suspension of vast parts of their route network.[36][37]
Also in 2021, Belavia was accused of orchestrating the influx of illegal migrants during theBelarus–European Union border crisis.[38] In September 2021 it has been reported that Belavia might face to lose the majority of its current fleet as its lessors might be no longer allowed to lease them out to Belarusian airlines as part of new embargoes.[39] At this point Belavia owned 18 smaller, older aircraft, but had rented several modern jets from Western companies, with the IrishAerCap with six and the DanishNordic Aviation Capital with seven aircraft being the most important suppliers.[40] On 16 November, the European Union confirmed the termination of all aircraft leases to Belarus by European lessors, which forces the airline to return half of their current fleet on short notice.[41][42]
On 2 December 2021, Belavia was added to the sanctions list of the European Union.[43] Switzerland joined the EU sanctions on 20 December.[44] On 8 April 2022, the US Department of Commerce restricted flights on Belarusian owned or operated aircraft manufactured in the US along withAeroflot,Aviastar,Azur Air,Rossiya andUtair from flying into Belarus or Russia.[45] On 16 June 2022 the US broadened its restrictions on Belavia after violations of the sanctions' regime were detected. The effect of the restrictions is to ground the US-manufactured part of its fleet.[45]
In February 2024,Grodno Aviakompania, the only other passenger operator of the country, was merged and incorporated into Belavia by decree from the Ministry of Transport and Communications.[48]
Prior tothe COVID-19 pandemic, Belavia operated flights to Asia, Europe, and Africa from its base atMinsk National Airport. In addition to scheduled destinations listed here, Belavia operates charter flights to leisure destinations and VIP charters. On the eve of theRyanair Flight 4978 forced takedown incident, it served one domestic destination and 54 international destinations in 32 countries. As a result of the subsequent ban on Belarusian airliners entering the EU, UK and Ukrainian airspace, the airline is effectively stripped off all but twenty of these destinations: owing to the geographical constraints, access toChișinău (Moldova),Kaliningrad (Russia), andBelgrade (Serbia) has becomede facto impossible, despite these three non-EU member states not having issued any independent travel bans on Belavia.[66] On 28 May 2021, the airline confirmed the cancellation of flights that would otherwise be forced to pass through restricted airspace as well as their ongoing efforts to reroute theIstanbul,Turkey, connection, up to this point handled using a straight route over Ukraine, Moldova, Romania as well as Bulgaria's territorial waters.[67]
As of November 2025, the airline serves 16 countries on 28 routes.[1][68]
Additionally, Belarusian government which owns Belavia operated at least three other aircraft: Boeing 737-800,[89] Boeing 767-300, andBombardier CRJ200.[90]
In April 2021, Belavia acquired its firstBoeing 737 MAX 8, one of five it had ordered; however, the remaining aircraft were not delivered.[91]
As of August 2023[update], Belavia had 13 aircraft.[92]
On 1 February 1985,Aeroflot Flight 7841, a Tupolev Tu-134, departing from Minsk forLeningrad on February 5, 1985, suffered an engine failure shortly after takeoff and was forced to crash-land in a forest, killing 58 of the 80 people on board.[99][100]
On 6 January 2003, a Yakovlev Yak-40 suffered a shattered windshield during a flight, en route to Prague. TwoCzech Air Force fighters accompanied the plane to a safe landing inRuzyně International Airport.[101]
On 14 February 2008,Belavia Flight 1834, aBombardier CRJ100ER en route fromYerevan,Armenia, to Minsk, hit its left wing on the runway during takeoff fromZvartnots International Airport, subsequently crashing on the ground, flipping over and coming to a stop inverted near the runway. All 18 passengers and 3 crew members managed to escape the aircraft before it erupted into flames, partly due to the timely response of the fire and rescue crew at the airport. The main cause of the crash wasicing contamination leading to a stall of the left wing.[102]
^Eiselin, Stefan (2 September 2021)."Belavia droht Großteil der Flotte zu verlieren" [Belavia is in danger of losing most of its fleet].aeroTELEGRAPH (in Swiss High German). Retrieved9 March 2024.
^""Белавиа" впервые перевезла трехмиллионного пассажира с начала года" ["«Белавиа» впервые перевезла трехмиллионного пассажира с начала года" translates to: "Belavia" transported its three-millionth passenger since the beginning of the year for the first time].belavia.by (in Russian). 30 December 2017.Archived from the original on 5 September 2023. Retrieved23 July 2025.
^Blachly, Linda (8 May 2018)."Airline Routes-May 8, 2018".Air Transport World. Archived fromthe original on 9 May 2018.Turkish Airlines and Belavia Belarusian Airlines signed a codeshare agreement, starting May 1, on Istanbul Ataturk-Minsk services operated by both airlines.
^Selyakov, L.L.[in Russian] (1998)."Человек, Среда, Машина" [Human, Environment, Machine] (in Russian).Archived from the original on 20 June 2002. Retrieved24 July 2025.Отсутствие льда, единственного виновника этого тяжелого происшествия, дало возможность сотрудникам ГА и особенно руководству Белорусского ГУ ГА (к.т.н.т. Курило) выдвигать самые нелепые домыслы и версии о техническом несовершенстве - малой надежности как двигателя Д-30 II-й серии, так и самолета Ту-134А в целом которые и явились, якобы, причиной разрушения двигателей и гибель самолета и людей.
Br 520,000,000 (2020)[2]
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