Bayt Susin بَيْت سُوسِين | |
|---|---|
 Ruins in Bayt Susin | |
| Etymology: The house of Susin[1] | |
.jpg) 1870s map.jpg) 1940s map.jpg) modern map.jpg) 1940s with modern overlay mapA series of historical maps of the area around Bayt Susin (click the buttons) | |
  Bayt Susin Location withinMandatory Palestine | |
| Coordinates:31°48′22″N34°59′1″E / 31.80611°N 34.98361°E /31.80611; 34.98361 | |
| Palestine grid | 148/134 |
| Geopolitical entity | Mandatory Palestine |
| Subdistrict | Ramle |
| Date of depopulation | 20 April 1948[2] |
| Population (1945) | |
• Total | 210 |
| Cause(s) of depopulation | Military assault byYishuv forces |
| Current Localities | Ta'oz (est. 1950) |
Bayt Susin (Arabic:بَيْت سُوسِين) was aPalestinian Arab village in theRamle Subdistrict ofMandatory Palestine, located 17 kilometers (11 mi) southeast ofRamla. In 1945, it had 210 inhabitants. The village was depopulated during the1948 war by theIsraeli 7th Brigade.
Situated on a hilltop on the southern slopes of a mountainous area, Bayt Susin overlooked a wide area to its south and west. Below the village, twowadis, streaming from the slopes, met. The village stood near a network of roads that led to many urban centers and was linked by a secondary road to theJaffa-Jerusalem Highway.[3]
Surrounding Bayt Susin were the ruins of a wall and cemeteries, cut stones, the foundations of houses, cisterns, and a basin. TheCrusaders referred to the village as "Bezezin".[4]
While under the rule of theOttoman Empire, in 1596, Bayt Susin was under the administration of thenahiya ("subdistrict") of Ramla, part of theSanjak of Gaza, with a population of 50 households and 6 bachelors, all Muslims. They paid taxes on wheat, olives, and barley, as well as beehives and goats.[5]
In 1838, Beit Susin was noted as Muslim village, in theEr-Ramleh district.[6]
The American Biblical scholarEdward Robinson passed by Bayt Susin in 1852 and described it as a small and ancient village.[3][7] An Ottoman village list from about 1870 showed that Beit Susin had a population of 21, with a total of 11 houses, though the population count included men, only.[8][9]
In 1883, thePEF'sSurvey of Western Palestine (SWP) found here "foundations and ruined walls. A good perennial well, called Bir el Haurah, on the south and springs in the valley."[10]
In acensus conducted in 1922 by theBritish Mandate authorities, Bait Susin had a population of 47 inhabitants; allMuslims,[11] increasing in the1931 census to 70, still all Muslims, in a total of 14 houses.[12]
Bayt Susin was classified as ahamlet by thePalestine Index Gazetteer. In theBritish Mandate period, it was divided into two sections. The larger section had a rectangular, north–south plan and the smaller laid 250 meters (820 ft) to the southwest. Its houses were constructed ofmasonry and amosque was located close to the village's smaller section. The residents used the spring to obtain water for domestic purposes. The primary economic sectors wereagriculture (grain being the chief cash crop) and animal husbandry.[3]
In the1945 statistics, the population of Bayt Susin was 210, all Muslims,[13] with a total land area of 6,481dunams of which 5,453 were Arab-owned. The remainder was classified as public property.[14] Bayt Susin grew grains on 5,108 dunams and 94 dunams were either irrigated or used for orchards,[15] while 8 dunams were built-up (urban) areas.[16]
![School, built in 1947, which Bayt Susin shared with the villagers of Bayt Jiz[17]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aMITSPE_HAREL_SCHOOL.jpg)
According toIsraeliNew Historian,Benny Morris, Bayt Susin was captured and depopulated on 20 April 1948,[2] at the beginning of Israel's offensive,Operation Nachshon. However, Palestinian historianAref al-Aref wrote an attempt at capturing the village occurred on 22 May, but failed due to both strong resistance from the local militia and false knowledge that it had been evacuated of its inhabitants.[3] According to Israeli officers, on May 23 Bayt (Beit) Susin was occupied by Arab Legion and irregulars, which was unknown to Jewish commanders. The village was a source of flanking fire at the Jewish forces when they attacked Latrun on May 23.[18]
DuringOperation Bin Nun Alef—which was aimed at taking theLatrun salient and ended in an Israeli failure— Arab counterattacks were launched from Bayt Susin. In preparation ofOperation Bin Nun Bet, Israeli soldiers from 72nd Battalion of theSheva Brigade cleared the village on 28 May.[19][20] It is not known if Bayt Susin was destroyed after its capture, but most Arab villages occupied in the Latrun salient were leveled.[21] TheBurma Road that the Israelis started to build a few days later to supply Jerusalem crossed the village.[22]
On 20 August 1948, Bayt Susin was one (of 32) depopulated Palestinian villages which were proposed byDavid Ben-Gurion for new Jewish settlements.[23] Themoshav ofTa'oz was established on Bayt Susin's lands, but southwest of the village site, in 1950.[21] According to Palestinian historianWalid Khalidi, whose researchers visited the site in 1990, Bayt Susin "has been leveled by bulldozers; grass and thorns cover the remaining rubble... and the remains of walls from houses can be seen on the southern edge, where carob, pine, and cedar trees grow."[21]
