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Battoulah (Arabic:بطوله,romanized: baṭṭūleh;Persian:بتوله), also calledGulf Burqah (Arabic:البرقع الخليجي),[1][note 1] is a metallic-looking fashionmask traditionally worn byKhaleejiArab andBandariPersianMuslim women in the area around thePersian Gulf.[5][3]
The mask is mainly worn inBahrain,Kuwait,Oman,Qatar, theUnited Arab Emirates as well as some parts ofeastern Saudi Arabia andsouthern Iran.[2][6] The mask usually indicates that the wearer is married.[1] Historically, it was also used to fool enemies into thinking that the women they spied from a distance were actually men.[7]
The origin of the battoulah is unknown.[8] Multiple theories exist on where it may have originated. It is thought to have entered the EasternArabian Peninsula fromGujarat in late 18th century.[9]
Many Arab bedouins consider theMutayr tribe the creators of the Battoulah (or burqa’). According to bedouin oral tradition, A father was preparing to marry his daughter off to a man she did not desire. Unable to refuse openly, the girl decided to create a solution. She cut a piece of black cloth with uneven eyeholes to conceal her face, attaching it securely. To complement the look, she added a loose white cloth around her legs for additional coverage. When she appeared in front of her potential suitor, her unusual appearance shocked him, and the marriage proposal was rejected.[10]
This invention gained popularity within the Mutayr tribe and later spread to other tribes in the Arabian Peninsula. It is claimed that this event occurred around 1870 CE in a famous poem among the bedouins.
Multiple variants of the battoulah exist, and some are specific to cities and regions. The "Zabeel cut" design has a narrow top and a broad, curved bottom, and is worn inDubai andAbu Dhabi. The variant worn inSharjah resembles the Zabeel cut, but is shaped so the top of the mask is inclined forwards. TheAl Ain design features both a narrow top and bottom. TheBahraini andQatari burqa is square. InOman andFujairah it is very large and broader at the top with a tip that goes beyond the forehead. In neighbouringSaudi Arabia, theniqab is worn instead.[1] In southern provinces of Iran,Shia women wear red rectangular masks, while those ofSunni women are black or indigo with gold, similar to the mask worn in the Arabian peninsula.[7] InQeshm, the masks were designed to fool invaders, so they would mistake women for male soldiers.[4]
The wearing of battouleh is declining among the younger generation.[11]
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Qatari women have traditionally worn a batula, a kind of face mask with two slits for the eyes, although this is now dying out among the younger generation
