| Battle of Tell Abyad (2013) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of theRojava–Islamist conflict and theRojava conflict andSyrian civil war | |||||||
 Map of theSyrian civil war in November 2013 | |||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||
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| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
  Haji Ahmed Kurdi[3] (Kurdish Front commander) |   Khalaf Thiyab "Abu Musab" (POW)[4] (al-Nusra Front commander) | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Unknown | 25–34 killed[1][4] | ||||||
The2013 battle of Tell Abyad was a military confrontation in the town ofTell Abyad between theKurdish Front and theDemocratic Union Party-affiliatedPeople's Protection Units andWomen's Protection Units against theIslamic State of Iraq and the Levant, theal-Nusra Front (bothal-Qaeda affiliates), andAhrar al-Sham, resulting in aKurdish defeat and thejihadist capture of the town.
Tell Abyad is located across the town ofAkçakale on theSyria-Turkey border. On 19 September 2012 theFarouq Brigades captured Tell Abyad from Syrian government forces. In March 2013, the al-Nusra Front set up a checkpoint and captured 33 fighters from the Farouq Brigades. Clashes between the two groups resulted in the Farouq commander, Abu Azzam, beingwounded in action. Abu Azzam previously survived anassassination attempt bycar bomb. He and other wounded rebels was transferred to ahospital inŞanlıurfa,Turkey. The next week, the 33 Farouq prisoners were released and the border crossing reopened.[5]
On 17 July 2013, the YPG fully captured the city ofRas al-Ayn from ISIL and al-Nusra. The latter retreated to the northernRaqqa Governorate, mainly in Tell Abyad. ISIL and al-Nusra Front fighters arrested manySyrian Kurds on charges ofKurdish nationalism. ISIL also called on the residents of Tell Abyad to pledge allegiance to their self-proclaimedcaliphate. In response a YPG battalion was formed in the Kurdish neighbourhoods of the town.[1]
On 20 July 2013, the Kurdish Front Brigade captured Khalaf Thiyab "Abu Musab", an al-Nusra commander and 4 other Nusra members on charges that they attempted toblow up themselves in the "People's House", theDemocratic Union Party office in Tell Abyad. Clashes then erupted in the town. By the next day, more than 1,000 residents were detained by Islamist groups in order to pressure the PYD to release the al-Nusra members, and both were released. Hundreds of residents fled the town.[1]
On 22 July, ISIL raided, looted, and demolished dozens of houses of the hundreds of Kurdish civilians who fled after their neighbourhoods were attacked bytanks and other heavy weapons.[1] More than 10 al-Nusra fighters were killed.[6] YPG and Kurdish Front forces surrounded the Akçakale border crossing which was then closed by Turkey.[4] By the next week, ISIL defeated the Kurdish forces and took full control of Tell Abyad, forcing thousands of Kurdish civilians to flee.[2]
Many Kurdish refugees from Tell Abyad fled to nearby Tell Akhdar. 70% of its residents had already fled. In August 2013Ahrar al-Sham took over the village. On 13 October, clashes renewed between joint Kurdish forces and ISIL west of Tell Abyad.[7]
In January 2014, infighting erupted between Ahrar al-Sham and ISIL and the latter gained complete control over the Tell Abyad countryside. Clashes between the YPG and ISIL west of Tell Abyad again renewed in March. Hundreds of ISIL militants surrounded Tell Akhdar and threatened to kill all those who remained in the village. All residents fled and most became refugees inKobanî, which was alsobesieged.[2]
In February 2015,Euphrates Volcano forces advanced into the northern Raqqa countryside from both the west and the east, capturing 19 villages.[8] Tell Abyad was thencaptured on 16 June 2015.
