| Battle of Landriano | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of theWar of the League of Cognac | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
| Kingdom of France Republic of Florence Duchy of Milan | |||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Comte de Saint-Pol (POW) | Antonio de Leyva | ||||||
TheBattle of Landriano took place on 21 June 1529, between the French army underComte de Saint-Pol and the Imperial–Spanish army commanded by DonAntonio de Leyva, Duke of Terranova[2] in the context of theWar of the League of Cognac. The French army was destroyed and the battle's strategic result was that the struggle betweenFrancis I of France andCharles V, Holy Roman Emperor for control ofnorthern Italy was temporarily at an end.[3]
In 1528 the Genoese Admiral,Andrea Doria, after deserting in favour ofEmperor Charles V, managed to break up the French siege ofNaples; his efforts were helped by theplague, which decimated the French besiegers, among them GeneralOdet of Foix, Viscount of Lautrec, who died on 15 August.[4] After his death, the French army was commanded byGiovanni Ludovico of Saluzzo, who, under the circumstances ordered his troops to withdraw on 29 August, but eventually the Imperial–Spanish forces led byPhilibert of Châlon, Prince of Orange, caught up with them and decimated them.[4] Shortly after the whole French army in the south ofItaly capitulated.[2]
Between August 1528 and June 1529, intense diplomatic activities between KingFrancis I of France and Holy Roman Emperor Charles V resulted in theTreaty of Barcelona.[4]
On 21 June 1529King Francis I still had his troops stationed inLandriano, a region ofLombardy, nearPavia, scene of the decisive confrontation which resulted in a total French defeat inItaly.[2]
TheComte de Saint-Pol's reserve French troops were intercepted and neutralised by the Spanish troops commanded by DonAntonio de Leyva, Duke of Terranova.[3] The French army was destroyed, which endedFrancis's hopes of regaining his hold onItaly.[5] The French commander, Saint-Pol, was also captured, leaving theDuchy of Milan under the complete control of theEmperor.[3]
Hostilities continued however, although without any French participation, with the Imperial–Spanish army led by Philibert of Châlon, Prince of Orange, against theRepublic of Florence and installingAlessandro de' Medici as the ruler ofFlorence.[6]
With France's defeat inLandriano and theTreaty of Barcelona,Francis I of France felt obliged to begin negotiations with theEmperor.[2]
On 3 August, the King of France's mother,Louise of Savoy, and the Emperor's aunt,Margaret of Austria, signed theTreaty of Cambrai.[2]Francis obtained the restitution of his sons,[3] but on the condition that he had to abandonItaly,[3] persuade theVenetians and theDuke of Ferrara to restore the occupied lands to theEmperor andPope Clement VII,[3] not to interfere in the affairs ofItaly andGermany,[3] and to cooperate in the fight against theProtestants,[3] to provide compensation of 200,000ducats[3] and send 4 ships, 12 galleys and 4 galleons for when theEmperor planned to go to Italy for his coronation.[3]
The Treaty made no reference to theDuchy of Burgundy, evening out with this silence the humiliating situation that was put to Francis in theTreaty of Madrid.[2][3]
45°19′00″N9°16′00″E / 45.3167°N 9.2667°E /45.3167; 9.2667