Battle of Hartsville
Part of theAmerican Civil War
Date December 7, 1862 (1862-12-07) Location Hartsville, Tennessee Result Confederate victory
Belligerents
United States (Union)	CSA (Confederacy)
Commanders and leaders
Absalom B. Moore (POW)	John Hunt Morgan
Units involved
XIV Corps
Strength
2,400[1]	1,300[1]
Casualties and losses
2,096[1]	139[1]
Hartsville Battlefield
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. Historic district
Show map of Tennessee Show map of the United States
Nearest city	Hartsville, Tennessee
Area	245 acres (99 ha)
MPS	Tennessee Resources of the American Civil War MPS
NRHP reference No.	98001247[2]
Added to NRHP	October 28, 1998

TheBattle of Hartsville was fought on December 7, 1862, in northernTennessee at the opening of theStones River Campaign theAmerican Civil War.Hartsville Battlefield is listed on theNational Register of Historic Places.

The Stones River Campaign started in early November 1862 whenUnionMaj. Gen.William S. Rosecrans moved hisArmy of the Cumberland southeast fromNashville, Tennessee, towardMurfreesboro.Confederate GeneralBraxton Bragg, commanding theArmy of Tennessee, had retreated there after his defeat at theBattle of Perryville. Bragg ordered ColonelJohn Hunt Morgan to move north with his cavalry and operate along Rosecrans's lines of communications, to prevent him from foraging for supplies north of Nashville. The action at Hartsville, a crossing point on the Cumberland River about 40 miles upstream from Nashville, north of Murfreesboro, was an incident in Morgan's raid to the north, before Rosecrans had the bulk of his infantry forces on the move.

Guarding the river crossing at Hartsville was the 39th Brigade,XIV Corps,Army of the Cumberland, consisting of the106th Ohio Infantry,108th Ohio Infantry,104th Illinois Infantry, and 2nd Indiana Cavalry. The brigade was commanded by Col.Absalom B. Moore. Under the cover of darkness, Morgan crossed the river in the early morning of December 7, 1862, with about 1,300 men, mainly Kentuckians, outnumbered by about 1,000 troops by the Union brigade. Another Union force, three times that size, was encamped nine miles away at Castalian Springs, close enough to hear the guns, but too far away to take part.

Morgan's attack took the Union camp by surprise. One account indicates that the Confederates were able to get past the picket line by wearing blue uniforms, while another says they wore civilian clothes and posed as refugees. The attack began at 6:45 a.m. with a simultaneous artillery bombardment and an infantry attack, while the cavalry struck the flanks and rear. One of Moore's units broke and ran after an hour, which caused confusion and helped force the Federals to fall back. By 8:30 a.m., the Confederates had surrounded the Union soldiers, convincing Col. Moore to surrender.

The Union 75th Indiana regiment was camped about 8 or 9 miles away at Castalian Springs. They marched to Hartsville after hearing cannons firing in the distance. Their advance was hesitant because they may have encountered the rear guard of Morgan's cavalry.

They reached the battlefield to find Union and Confederate casualties abandoned in the snow. The Union forces had already been defeated by the Morgan's combined light infantry, light artillery and cavalry. Some of Morgan's men were barefooted and inadequately clothed. They helped themselves to the Union supplies of shoes and filled several wagons with supplies. Reports gave the number of dead and wounded as about 200 combined.

Basil W. Duke, the Confederate field commander, wrote that fifteen Confederate soldiers “frozen so stiff” were left behind along with other wounded. The Union wounded were also left behind, while the 2,004 prisoners taken were marched south to Lebanon.

Duke wrote that the Confederates knew of the Union strength and even where they were deployed. Morgan thus took the precaution of deploying Quirk's Scouts and Cluke's regiment to impede any Union pursuit. The Confederates stepped up the pace, and some Union prisoners were forced to wade the Cumberland River or one of the smaller creeks.^[3]

Morgan inflicted 58 Union casualties, at the cost of 139 Confederate; however, he also left the battlefield with 1,844 Union prisoners and a wagon train heavily loaded with captured equipment and supplies. GeneralJoseph E. Johnston, who was in overall command of Confederate forces in the Western Theater, called this a "brilliant feat" and recommended that Morgan be appointedbrigadier general immediately.Jefferson Davis happened to be in the vicinity at Murfreesboro and promoted Morgan in person when he arrived.

The action at Hartsville foreshadowed the Confederate cavalry raids byNathan Bedford Forrest into West Tennessee, December 1862 to January 1863, and by Morgan into Kentucky, from December 1862 to January 1863. Rosecrans arrived in Murfreesboro on December 29, setting the stage for theBattle of Stones River.

This article includes a list ofgeneral references, butit lacks sufficient correspondinginline citations. Please help toimprove this article byintroducing more precise citations.(April 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

• National Park Service battle description
• Foote, Shelby.The Civil War: A Narrative. Vol. 2,Fredericksburg to Meridian. New York: Random House, 1958.ISBN 0-394-49517-9.
• Kennedy, Frances H., ed.The Civil War Battlefield Guide. 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998.ISBN 0-395-74012-6.
• U.S. War Department,The War of the RebellionArchived 2009-09-13 at theWayback Machine:a Compilation of theOfficial Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901.
• CWSAC report update

• The Battle of Hartsville Driving Tour Stops, Hartsville-Trousdale County Chamber of Commerce

36°22′40″N86°10′27″W / 36.3777°N 86.1743°W /36.3777; -86.1743

• Stones River Campaign
• Battles of the Western Theater of the American Civil War
• Confederate victories of the American Civil War
• Battles of the American Civil War in Tennessee
• Trousdale County, Tennessee
• 1862 in the American Civil War
• 1862 in Tennessee
• Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Tennessee
• National Register of Historic Places in Trousdale County, Tennessee
• December 1862

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