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Battle of Fehmarn (1644)
Part of theTorstenson War
Naval battle of Fehmarn
Date 13 October 1644 Location Proximity ofFehmarn Result Swedish victory
Belligerents
Swedish Empire	Denmark–Norway
Commanders and leaders
Carl Gustaf Wrangel Mårten Anckarhielm	Pros Mund † Corfits Ulfeldt (POW) Grabov (POW) Jasmund (POW)
Strength
16 Swedish ships with 392 guns 21 Dutch ships with 483 guns	17 ships with 448 guns
Casualties and losses
1 Dutch ship sunk 59 dead	10 ships captured 2 ships wrecked 100 dead 1,000 sailors captured

TheBattle of Fehmarn (1644) took place north-west of the island ofFehmarn, now part ofGermany, in theBaltic Sea. A combined Swedish fleet, with a large element of hired Dutch ships, defeated a Danish-Norwegian fleet and took 1,000 prisoners, includingUlfeldt, Grabov and von Jasmund. The Danish admiralPros Mund was killed in the battle.

The Swedes had 16 ships with 392 guns, and the hired Dutch element had 21 ships with 483 guns (making a total of 37 ships with 875 guns). The Danes had 17 ships with 448 guns. The Swedes expended two fireships and one hired Dutch ship was lost. The Danes lost 10 ships captured, including their largest three, and two wrecked.

On the morning of 13 October the Swedish fleet weighed anchor and prepared for battle by dividing into two Swedish and three Dutch squadrons. One of the Swedish squadrons was led by Wrangel onSmålands Lejon and the other under vice admiral Peter Blum onDraken. The Dutch squadrons were commanded byMårten Anckarhielm (previously Maerten Thijssen) onboardJupiter, vice admiral Henrik Gerretsen onGroote Dolphijn andschout-bij-nacht Pieter Marcussen onGroot Vliessingen.

The Danish-Norwegian fleet was divided in two squadrons under admiralPros Mund onPatentia and Joachim Grabow onLindormen. Around 10 am the larger ships in both fleets were within firing range of each other and started firing. The smaller Danish ships retreated from the battle, but were pursued by the Dutch ships.

Early in the battle the Swedish flagshipSmålands Lejon was so damaged in her rigging and hull that she had to pull out. The Swedish shipsRegina andGöteborg attacked and boarded the Danish flagshipPatentia. The Danish admiral Pros Mund was killed during the fighting.

The Swedishfire shipMeerman was sent against the DanishLindormen, which quickly caught fire and exploded.^[1] The wreck was discovered in 2012.^[2] SwedishNya Fortuna captured the Danish man-of-warOldenborg by boarding. The last man-of-warTre Løver veered off, but was pursued by Anckarhielm's DutchJupiter,Patentia andSwarte Arent.Tre Løver managed to sinkSwarte Arent before the two other Dutch ships boarded her.

The smaller Danish vesselsTu Løver,Havhesten, andFides were captured by DutchJupiter andGroote Dolphijn. A cluster of Danish ships were forced against the shore of Lolland, among themNeptunus,Nellebladet,Stormarn, andKronet Fisk. These were later towed by the Dutch. DanishDelmenhorst went aground and exploded after being set on fire by the Swedish fire shipDelfin. DanishMarkatten,Højenhald and agalleot also went aground, but cannon fire from land protected them from the Dutch. OnlyPelikanen andLammet managed to escape and sail toCopenhagen on 17 October.

The Danes lost twelve ships, of which ten were captured. A hundred men perished and about 1,000 were captured. The shipSwarte Arent was the only loss on the Swedish side; its crew was rescued. In total, the Swedish side suffered only 59 deaths.

The victory was one of the greatest in the history of the Royal Swedish Navy. Even if transshippingTorstensson's soldiers to the Danish islands was no longer a threat, since these were now intent on meeting generalGallas'Imperial troops approaching from the south, the Danes realized that Sweden had total naval dominance after the battle. This paved the way for negotiations and eventually thetreaty of Brömsebro on 13 August 1645.

• Drake 40
• Smålands Lejon 32 (flag)
• Göteborg 36
• Leopard 36
• Regina 34
• Tre Kroner 32
• Jägare 26
• Vesterviks Fortuna 24
• Akilles 22
• Svan 22
• Gamla Fortuna 18
• Lam 12 (galley)
• Fenix 10 (galley)
• Postpferd 2 (galley/galliot)
• Lilla Delfin (fireship) – Burnt
• Meerman (fireship) – Burnt
• ? (merchantman)

• Delphin 38
• Jupiter 34
• Engel 34
• Gekroende Liefde 31
• Coninchva Sweden 28
• Campen 26
• Den Swarten Raven 26
• Vlissingen 24
• Nieuw Vlissingen 24
• St Matthuis 24
• Patientia 24
• Arent/Adelaar 22 – Sunk byTre Løver
• Nieuw Gottenburg 22
• Liefde van Hoorn 20
• Prins 20
• Wapen van Medenblik 20
• Posthorn 20
• Brouwer 20
• St Marten 20
• Harderinne 8
• ? 2 (galliot)

• Patienta 48 (flag,Pros Mund) – Captured
• Tre Løver 46 – Captured
• Oldenborg 42 – Captured
• Lindorm 38 (Henrik Mund)
• Pelican 36
• Stormar 32(Corfits Ulfeldt) – Captured
• Delmenhorst 28 (Hans Knudsen) – Captured
• Fides 28 – Captured
• Neptunus 28 – Captured
• Nelleblad 24 – Captured
• To Løver 22 – Captured
• Kronet Fisk 20 – Aground and captured
• Lam 16
• Markat 16
• Havhest 14
• Højenhald 8 – Wrecked
• ? 2 (galley/galliot) – Wrecked

• Lars Ericson Wolke, Martin Hårdstedt, Medströms Bokförlag (2009). Svenska sjöslag

54°40.41′N11°2.14′E / 54.67350°N 11.03567°E /54.67350; 11.03567

• 1644 in Denmark
• Naval battles of the Torstenson War
• Conflicts in 1644
• 1644 in Europe
• Naval battles of the Thirty Years' War involving the Dutch Republic
• Naval battles of the Thirty Years' War involving Denmark
• Naval battles of the Thirty Years' War involving Sweden
• Fire ship attacks

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