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Battle of Curalaba

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Coordinates:37°55′S72°53′W / 37.917°S 72.883°W /-37.917; -72.883

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1598 Mapuche uprising against Spanish colonists in Chile

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Battle of Curalaba

Part ofArauco War

Date	December 23, 1598
Location	Curalaba, on the banks of theLumaco River, 25 kilometers fromAngol 37°55′S72°53′W / 37.917°S 72.883°W /-37.917; -72.883
Result	Decisive Mapuche victory

Belligerents

Spanish Empire

Mapuche

Commanders and leaders

Martín García Oñez de Loyola †

Vicetoqui Pelantaru

Strength

50 Spanish and 300Indian auxiliaries

600 warriors^[1]

Casualties and losses

All but two Spaniards were killed,^[2] as were most of the Indian auxiliaries.

v t e Arauco War
16th century Quilacura Andalien Penco 1553 uprising Tucapel Marihueñu 1st Concepción 2nd Concepción Peteroa Mataquito San Luis Lagunillas Millarapue Cayucupil Cañete Quiapo 1562 uprising 1st Catirai Arauco Angol 3rd Concepción Reinohuelén Tolmillán 2nd Catirai 1st Purén Curalaba 1598 uprising Seven Cities La Imperial Valdivia Osorno Villarrica 17th century Boroa 2nd Purén Defensive War Las Cangrejeras Picolhué La Albarrada San José 1st Río Bueno 1655 uprising Curanilahue 18th century conflicts 1723 uprising 2nd Río Bueno 1766 uprising 1769 uprising 1792 uprising

Arauco War

16th century

17th century

18th century conflicts

TheBattle of Curalaba (Spanish:Batalla de Curalabapronounced[baˈtaʝaðekuɾaˈlaβa]) was a battle and an ambush in 1598 whenMapuche people led byPelantaru defeated Spanish conquerors led byMartín García Óñez de Loyola at Curalaba, southernChile. In Chileanhistoriography, where the event is often called theDisaster of Curalaba (Spanish:Desastre de Curalaba), the battle marks the end of theconquest (la conquista) period in Chile's history, although the fast Spanish expansion in the south had already been halted in the 1550s. The battle led to a general Mapuche uprising that resulted inDestruction of the Seven Cities. This severe crisis reshapedColonial Chile and forced the Spanish to reassess their mode of warfare.

History

[edit]

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On December 21, 1598, Governor Martín García Oñez de Loyola traveled toPurén at the head of 50 soldiers and companions. At the end of the second day, they camped overnight in Curalaba, failing to take protective measures. The Mapuche were aware of their presence andPelantaru and his lieutenantsAnganamón and Guaiquimilla, leading three hundred men on horseback, shadowed the group's movements and mounted a surprise night raid. Taken by surprise, the governor and almost all of his party were killed.

This event was called the Disaster of Curalaba by the Spaniards. It not only involved the death of the Spanish governor, but the news rapidly spread among the Mapuche and triggered a general revolt, long-prepared by thetoqui Paillamachu, that destroyed Spanish camps and towns south of theBío-Bío River over the next few years.

References

[edit]

^Diego de Ocaña (1987).A través de la América del Sur. Madrid: Historia 16, pp. 105. Edición de Arturo Álvarez.
^The Spanish survivors were a priest, Bartolomé Pérez, who was captured, and Bernardo de Pereda, a soldier left for dead with 23 wounds who made his way to La Imperial after 70 days.