| Battle of Cape Fear River | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of theGolden Age of Piracy | |||||||
 An 18th-century map of theCape Fear River | |||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||
| South Carolina | Pirates | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| William Rhett | Stede Bonnet  | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 2 sloops | 3 sloops 3 canoes | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 30 killed and wounded | 12 killed and wounded 41 captured 3 sloops captured 3 canoes captured | ||||||
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TheBattle of Cape Fear River, also known as theBattle of the Sandbars, was fought in September 1718 between two sloops from theProvince of South Carolina led byWilliam Rhett and a group ofpirate ships under the command ofStede Bonnet. Rhett's sloops defeated the pirates in theCape Fear River estuary which led to Bonnet's eventual execution by hanging inCharleston, South Carolina.
During the end of theGolden Age of Piracy, theRoyal Navy was constantly in campaign against pirates in theCaribbean and offNorth America. Stede Bonnet was a very successful pirate, having captured several merchant ships and assembled his own squadron of pirate ships. In August 1718, Bonnet was sailing from theDelaware Bay to the Cape Fear River. He commanded hissloop-of-warflagshipRoyal James and two other armed sloops,Francis andFortune.Royal James was a former flagship ofBlackbeard which was armed with eight cannons.The other two sloops were similarly armed. All together, 46 pirates crewed them.Royal James was in need ofcareening and thehurricane season was soon to come so Bonnet chose the Cape Fear estuary as a reliable shelter against storms. For the next few weeks, Bonnet's crew repaired theRoyal James with material salvaged from a capturedshallop.
In late August, reports of Bonnet's sloops in the Cape Fear River reached South Carolina governorRobert Johnson. Johnson ordered ColonelWilliam Rhett to command an operation to destroy the pirate threat. He did not have regular Royal Navy sailors under his command, but locally raised sailors fromCharleston, South Carolina. At Rhett's disposal were two eight-gun sloops with a combined complement of 130 men.
Rhett's ships reached the Cape Fear River estuary on the night of September 26, 1718, and was sighted by Bonnet and his men. Believing the sloops to be that of merchants, the pirates boarded threecanoes and headed for the unrecognized South Carolinian expedition. It was at this time that Rhett's flagship,Henry, ran aground on asandbar. This allowed the canoes to approach close enough to discover the identity of the grounded vessel. Once they did they turned about and paddled back to their ships unharmed.
Instead of fleeing up the small river in darkness, Bonnet decided that he would fight his way back to the sea, so the next morning at daylight, the pirates prepared to pass the two sloops, which were now free of the sandbar. They dispersed amongstRoyal James,Fortune andFrancis and loaded their arms. At daylight the following morning, Bonnet raised hisflag and attacked. They sailed for a few minutes until they came within range of the enemy ships, then opened fire with cannon and muskets. The sloops returned fire and split up, butHenry ran aground again along with the other ship. To avoid enemy fire, Stede Bonnet steered his vessels close to the western shore of the river, and they ran aground on sand.
At this point, onlyHenry andRoyal James were within range of each other. For five to six hours, the two sides dueled, each unable to move.Henry was grounded in a position which left her crew with minimal cover from incoming fire. The opposite was true forRoyal James, whose hull provided a bulwark against enemy fire. During the fighting, Bonnet stayed on deck with his pistol in hand and warned that he would shoot any man who showed cowardice. The pirates' morale was good though; they cheered each other on and dared the South Carolinians to board. After five hours of fighting the South Carolinians had suffered 30 casualties, with nine pirates also killed or injured.[1]
The sloops were downstream, and when the water began to rise in the early afternoon, they were freed, while Bonnet's ships remained stranded. Rhett's ships repaired their rigging and raised their sails. Soon after,Henry was in a position to fire its starboard guns directly onto the deck of Bonnet'sRoyal James.[1] Bonnet ordered hisgunner George Ross to light thepowder magazine andscuttleRoyal James, but he was persuaded not to by his surviving crewmen who had already surrendered. After another few moments of conflict,Royal James was boarded and its crew captured.[1]
The South Carolinians suffered twelve killed and eighteen wounded, while the pirates sustained twelve casualties and all the survivors were captured.[1] Bonnet was taken to Charleston, arriving on October 3 to await trial on charges of piracy. Bonnet was separated from the majority of his crew and held for almost a month at the home of a Charlestonprovost marshal. With him was hisboatswain,Ignatius Pell, and thesailing master,David Herriot, all of whom escaped with the help of two slaves and aNative American and possibly local merchantRichard Tookerman. Governor Robert Johnson immediately ordered a £700 bounty to be awarded to any man who could kill or capture the pirates. Herriott was shot and killed on Sullivan's Island a few days later[2] and Bonnet, the Gentleman Pirate, was soon recaptured after a skirmish onSullivan's Island andhanged on December 10, 1718.
