Battle of Arques
Part of theFrench War of Religion (1587–1594) and theAnglo–Spanish War
Henri IV at Arques
Date 15–29 September 1589 Location Arques-la-Bataille (Seine-Maritime),France 49°52′55″N1°07′37″E / 49.882°N 1.127°E /49.882; 1.127 Result Anglo-French victory
Belligerents
France  England	Catholic League
Commanders and leaders
Henry IV Roger Williams	Charles of Lorraine
Strength
8,000 men 5,250 men	35,000
Casualties and losses
Heavy	Heavy

TheBattle of Arques occurred on 15–29 September 1589 between the French royal forces of KingHenry IV of France and troops of theCatholic League commanded byCharles of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne, during the eighth and final war (1585–1598) of theFrench Wars of Religion. It was a victory for Henry IV.

At the death ofHenry III of France, theHuguenot Henry of Navarre became by birthright the successor to the French throne (as Henry IV). Although he quickly declared his intention to "maintain and preserve the Catholic, apostolic and roman religion" of the country (French:"maintenir et conserver la religion catholique, apostolique et romaine"), the major French cities sided with the Catholic League and its leader, theDuke of Mayenne (younger brother to the deceasedHenry I, Duke of Guise).

At that time, the royal army was in a shambles and Henry IV could only count on barely 20,000 men to conquer a rebellious country. In order to accomplish this task, he divided his troops into three commands:Henri I d'Orléans, Duke of Longueville (1568–1595) forPicardy,Jean VI d'Aumont forChampagne, and Henry IV forNormandy (where he awaited reinforcements fromElizabeth I of England). On 6 August 1589, Henry set up camp with 8,000 men at the port ofDieppe.

The Duke of Mayenne sought to take back this key strategic port from Henry's forces and to drive him from Normandy. He drew together 35,000 troops, plusCambrésis militias, Lorraine troops led by the Marquis dePont-à-Mousson and a contingent of Spanish troops to attack the city.^[1]

Knowing that an attack against an army of this size would be pointless, and that staying in the city of Dieppe would be suicidal, Henry (after consulting with the Duke of Longueville and the Duke d'Aumont) decided to go to the city ofArques (today called "Arques-la-Bataille") and to construct important military defenses (raising of areas, rebuilding fortifications).

Between 15 and 29 September 1589, the troops of the Catholic League launched several attacks on Arques and the surrounding areas, but the Duke of Mayenne's forces were countered by royal artillery. The attacks were extremely deadly for both sides, and soon Henry IV's side found itself undermanned.

Henry's rescue came from the sea on 23 September: 4,000 English soldiers underRoger Williams sent by Queen Elizabeth had left England in several waves over three days.^[2] Seeing these reinforcements, the Duke of Mayenne decided to retreat, leaving Henry IV victorious.

After the battle of Arques, Henri IV snatched a short rest in a neighbouring chateau, and before riding away he scratched with his diamond the following aspiration on one of the windows: " Dieu gard de mal ma mie. Ce 22 de Septembre 1589.-HENRI^[3]

• List of French wars and battles

• Jouanna, Arlette and Jacqueline Boucher, Dominique Biloghi, Guy Thiec.Histoire et dictionnaire des Guerres de religion. Collection: Bouquins. Paris: Laffont, 1998.ISBN 2-221-07425-4
• Kinard, Jeff.Artillery: An Illustrated History of Its Impact ABC-CLIO, (2007).ISBN 978-1851095568

• Battles involving France
• Battles of the French Wars of Religion
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