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Batnoam sarcophagus

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Sarcophagus of a Phoenician royal

Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions
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Corpora Scripturae Linguaeque Phoeniciae CIS (Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum) NE (Handbuch der Nordsemitischen Epigraphik) KAI (Kanaanäische und Aramäische Inschriften) TADAE (Textbook of Aramaic Documents from Ancient Egypt) CIIP (Corpus Inscriptionum Iudaeae/Palaestinae)
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TheBatnoam inscription is aPhoenician inscription (KAI 11 and TSSI III 26) on a sarcophagus. It is dated to c. 450-425 BCE.

It was published inMaurice Dunand'sFouilles de Byblos (volume I, 1926-1932, numbers 1142, plate XXVIII).^[1]

Text of the inscription

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The inscription reads:^[2]^[3]


B’RN ZN ’NK BTN‘M	In this coffin I, Batno‘am,
’M MLK ‘ZB‘L MLK GBL	mother of King Azbaal, King ofByblos,
BN PLṬB‘L KHN B‘LT	son of Pilletbaal, Priest ofBaalat
ŠKBT	lie,
BSWT WMR’Š ‘LY	wearing a garment and a head-piece on me,
WMḤSM ḤRṢ LPY	and a muzzle^[4] of gold on my mouth
KM ’Š LMLKYT ’Š KN LPNY	like those of the queens who were before me.

Bibliography

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Christopher Rollston, "The Dating of the Early Royal Byblian Phoenician Inscriptions: A Response to Benjamin Sass."MAARAV 15 (2008): 57–93.
Benjamin Mazar, The Phoenician Inscriptions from Byblos and the Evolution of the Phoenician-Hebrew Alphabet, in The Early Biblical Period: Historical Studies (S. Ahituv and B. A. Levine, eds., Jerusalem: IES, 1986 [original publication: 1946]): 231–247.
William F. Albright, The Phoenician Inscriptions of the Tenth Century B.C. from Byblus, JAOS 67 (1947): 153–154.

References

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^Dunand, Maurice (1939).Fouilles de Byblos: Tome 1er, 1926-1932 [The Byblos excavations, Tome 1, 1926–1932]. Bibliothèque archéologique et historique (in French). Vol. 24. Paris: Librarie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner.
—— (1937).Fouilles de Byblos, Tome 1er, 1926–1932 (Atlas) [The Byblos excavations, Tome 1, 1926–1932 (Atlas)]. Bibliothèque archéologique et historique (in French). Vol. 24. Paris: Librarie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner.
^Donner, Herbert; Röllig, Wolfgang (2002).Kanaanäische und aramäische Inschriften (5 ed.). Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. p. I, 2.
^Krahmalkov, Charles R. (2000).Phoenician-Punic Dictionary. Leuven: Peeters / Departement Oosterse Studies.ISBN 90-429-0770-3.
^maḥsom: a funerary object to seal the lips of the deceased.

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