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Batangas Tagalog
Native to	Philippines
Region	Batangas
Language family	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Philippine? Greater Central Philippine Central Philippine Kasiguranin–Tagalog Tagalog Batangas Tagalog
Writing system	Latin (Tagalog alphabet; HistoricallyBaybayin
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	bata1300
Places where Batangas Tagalog is generally spoken

Batangas Tagalog (also known asBatangan orBatangueño[batɐŋˈgɛn.ɲo]) is adialect of theTagalog language spoken primarily in the province ofBatangas and in portions ofCavite,Quezon,Laguna and on the island ofMindoro. It is characterized by a strong accent and a vocabulary and grammar closely related toOld Tagalog.^{[citation needed]}

The most obvious difference is the use of the passive imperfect in place of the present progressivetense. In common Tagalog, this is done by inserting theinfix-um- after the first syllable and repeating the first syllable. In the Batangan Tagalog dialect, this form is created by adding the prefixna- to the word.

This conjugation is odd,^{[citation needed]} because it would be the passive past for commonly spoken Tagalog. The answer toNasaan si Pedro? (Where is Pedro?) isNakain ng isda! (He's eating a fish!).^[1] To those unfamiliar with this usage, the statement might mean "He was eaten by a fish!"; however, a Batangas Tagalog user can distinguish between the two apparently-identical forms by determining the stress in the words (nákain is eating and nakáin is eaten).

Another difference between Batangan Tagalog and commonly spoken Tagalog is the use of the verb ending-i instead of-an mo, especially in the imperative. This only occurs when the verb stands alone in a sentence or is the last word in the phrase. When another word follows, Batangueños would not use the-an form.

Example 1

• Person A:Mayroon pong nakatok sa pintô (Someone is knocking at the door.)
• Person B:Abá'y!, bukse! (Then open it!)

However,

• Person A:Mayroon pong kumakatok sa pintô (Someone is knocking at the door.)
• Person B:Abá'y, buksán mo! (Then you go open it!)

This uses the absolute degree of an adjective, not heard elsewhere.^{[citation needed]} It is the rough equivalent to-issimo or-issima in Italian, and is missing from other Tagalog dialects.^{[citation needed]} This is done with the prefixpagka-:

Example 1

• Pagkaganda palá ng anák ng mag-asawang aré, ah! (Pagkaganda palá ng anák ng mag-asawang iré, ah! The child of this couple is indeed beautiful!)

Example 2

• Pagkatagal mo ga. (You took so long.)

Another notable characteristic of the Batangan dialect is thedual-number pronouns, referring to two things (as opposed toplural, which can be two or more). Although it has not disappeared in some other areas, this form is not used in standard Tagalog.^{[citation needed]}

Example 1

• Batangan Tagalog:Ta'na! (Let's go!)
• Common Tagalog:Tayo na! (Let's go! Literally, "Let us...")

Example 2

• Batangan Tagalog:Buksé mo nga iyáng telebisyón nata. (Please turn our television on.)
• Common Tagalog:Buksán mo nga ang TV natin.

Intonation tends to rise, particularly in the expression of deep emotion.

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Another notable difference is the closed syllable connected byglottal stop, which is not used in standard Tagalog, probably influenced bySpanish, where glottal stops don't exist. The City ofTanauan is pronouncedtan-'a-wan, although it would be pronouncedta-'na-wan by other Tagalog speakers. This is also true of words such asmatamis (pronouncedmatam-is). Because Batangan Tagalog is more closely related to ancient Tagalog, the merger of the phonemese andi and the phonemeso andu are prevalent;e ando areallophones ofi andu, respectively, in Tagalog.

Prevalent in Batangan but missing from other dialects are the soundsey andow. Unlike their English counterparts, these diphthongs are sounded primarily on the first vowel and only rapidly on the second; this is similar to thee in the Spanish wordeducación and the firsto in the Italian wordAntonio.

Locative adjectives areiré oraré (this) andrine ordine (here). Vocabulary is also divergent. Batangan Tagalog has several translations of the word "fall", depending on how a person falls. They may havenagdagasa (slipped),nagtingkuró (lost their balance) ornagsungabâ (fallen on their face.)

To the confusion of otherTagalog speakers,^{[citation needed]} Batangueños use the phraseHindî pô akó nagyayabang! to mean "I am not telling a lie!"; common Tagalog speakers would sayHindî pô akó nagsisinungaling! To them, the former statement means "I am not bragging (or boasting)!"

Apanday is a handyman in Batangas and a smith in Manila. Anapáw is "mute" ("overflow" in common Tagalog [ápaw]; "mute" ispipi). An exclamation of disbelief isanlaah!, roughly a shorter translation ofwalâ iyán ("that's nothing" or "false") in common Tagalog.

The Batangas dialect is also known for the particleeh. While it is used throughout the province, some variations exist (such asala eh). This particle has no intrinsic meaning; its closest equivalent in English is in the conversational context of "Well,...". In other cases, it can show that the preceding word is the cause of something, much askasi would be used. The particleeh is also spoken in other native Tagalog-speaking areas and by second-language speakers w/ the same closest English translation mentioned above w/out its variants likeala eh.

Batangas dialect is known for the termlaang, translated as "only" or "just", their version oflang in Manila and their own shortened version oflámang.

Outside Batangas borders

• Alaminos, Laguna
• Alfonso, Cavite
• Amadeo, Cavite
• Calamba, Laguna
• Candelaria, Quezon
• Los Baños, Laguna
• Magallanes, Cavite
• San Antonio, Quezon
• San Pablo, Laguna
• Calauan, Laguna
• Tagaytay, Cavite
• Ternate, Cavite
• Tiaong, Quezon
• Dolores, Quezon
• Cavite City, Cavite
• Bailen, Cavite
• Maragondon, Cavite
• Rest ofCavite (exceptBacoor)
• Southern parts ofLaguna
• Rest ofOriental Mindoro (exceptBulalacao)
• Rest ofOccidental Mindoro
• Scattered parts ofMetro Manila,Palawan andMindanao especially in urban areas where Batangueños and their descendants had settled, to varying degrees within these areas.

The plural is not limited to those of lower ranks; those in authority are also expected to use this pluralisation with the first-person plural inclusiveTayo, which acts as themajestic plural. The Batangueños use the inclusive pronoun, commonly for government officials or those with authority over a territory (such as a priest or bishop).

This form is used by doctors or nurses when talking to patients. A doctor from the province will rarely ask someone howhe is feeling; rather, he will ask "How arewe feeling?".

Althoughpô andopò show respect, Batangueños replace these withhô andohò (a typical Batangueño morphophonemic change). However, Batangueños understand the use ofpô andopò (the more-common variant in other Tagalog-speaking regions).

• "Regions and Dialects, Dynamic Vocabulary and Idiomatic Expressions".english-to-tagalog.com. Archived fromthe original on October 29, 2007. RetrievedMarch 31, 2007.
• Pancorbo, Luis (1989). "En busca de los batangan".Los viajes del girasol (in Spanish). Madrid: Mondadori. pp. 23–35.ISBN 84-397-1489-0.

• Tagalog dialects
• Culture of Batangas
• Mindoro

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