| Ancestral Puebloan periods |
|---|
 |
| Archaic–Early Basketmaker 7000–1500 BCE |
| Early Basketmaker II 1500 BCE–50 CE |
| Late Basketmaker II 50–500 |
| Basketmaker III 500–750 |
| Pueblo I 750–900 |
| Pueblo II 900–1150 |
| Pueblo III 1150–1350 |
| Pueblo IV 1350–1600 |
| Pueblo V 1600–present |
TheBasketmaker III period (500 to 750 CE) also called the "Modified Basketmaker" period, was the third period in whichancient Pueblo people were cultivating food, began making pottery and living in more sophisticated clusters ofpit-house dwellings. Hunting was easier with the adoption of thebow and arrow.
The Basketmaker III period is preceded by theLate Basketmaker II period, and is followed by thePueblo I period.
In the Basketmaker III period, people continued to live inpit-houses, but the architecture changed. Now the houses were larger, included division on the space into sections, a large central hearth, addition of vestibules, and slabs of stone were used to line the walls.[1]
Most pit-houses were built out in the open on tops ofmesas. Pit-houses were built in a hole several feet deep between 8 and 20 feet (2.4 and 6.1 m) in diameter. A log frame was built to support side walls and a roof that were covered with woven reeds, grass and, lastly, mud for weatherproofing. In the center of a roof was an opening used for ventilation and an entrance to the dwelling. Some pit-houses had an attached storage room.[2][3]
Mesa Verde. Small groupings of pit houses were built on the top of mesas.[4]
Chaco Canyon. From about 450–700 CE more than 200 Basketmaker sites sat on Chaco Canyon mesas, ridges, and the canyon floor. The sites had clusters of 1–20 pit-houses. One of its villages, Shabik'eschee, was thetype site for this period.[5] Although most village sites were relatively small during this period, Shabik'eschee (about 550–700 CE) contained 18 pit-houses for an estimated 77 people, more than 50 storage pits, and a large pit-house used for celebration and rituals. This compares to an average settlement for 5 to 15 people. The large pit-house was likely a "great"kiva. Based on the number of extra pit-houses for storage, it is possible that the village was visited from nearby settlers.[1]
Pleasant View, Colorado. There may have been pressure within the Basketmaker III communities to ensure their safety.Stockades encircledpit-houses in at least 11 sites within a 10 miles ofPleasant View, Colorado. The settlements (dated from 600–700 CE) could have been fenced to ensure safety of children or contain domesticated dogs and turkeys. It is considered is more likely that they were built as a defensive measure, based upon extensive collections of burntartifacts from the sites. A theory is that other local people may have waged war having felt displaced by the number of new Basketmaker III settlements in the area.[6]
During this period the social and political structure was likely informal, with heads of households making decisions by consensus.[1]
Petroglyphs of people and animals were made in thePetrified Forest National Park during this period.[7]
Beans, squash and maize were cultivated in this period. The farm also include the raising of turkeys, both for feathers and a source of food.[1][4] Food was kept in storage cists, below ground pits that were lined and covered with stone. People also hunted, trapped and gathered wild nuts, plants and fruit.[3]
In the Basketmaker III period pottery was introduced which reduced the number of baskets that they made and eliminated the creation of woven bags. Simple, gray pottery was a more effective vessel for cooking, storage and carrying water.[3][4] The people in the area of thePetrified Forest National Park made Adamana Brown pottery, considered the earliest pottery on theColorado Plateau.[7][8]
The Basketmaker people's skill at making baskets and weaving improves during this period. Part of their output includes bags, baskets, sandals, sashes and other woven items.Pitch-lined baskets held water where food was cooked by placing hot stones in a water-filled basket. Bows and arrows made hunting easier and thus the acquisition of hides for clothing. Spears and darts continued to be used, but with less regularity. Turkey feathers were woven into blankets and robes. Babies were carried in soft, non-deforming cradle boards.[1][3][4]
Other common material goods of the time were:
The cultural groups of this period include:[9]
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| Contemporary peoples native to Colorado |
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| Precontact cultures in Colorado |
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| Related articles | |||||||||
In the Basketmaker III period, also known as the Modified Basketmaker period, the Anasazi people started making some modifications to improve their everyday life. They started realizing a greater importance of agriculture and started domestication of turkeys and start growing new crops such as beans. The Basketmaker III period is known for these improvements and their pottery getting more complex.
