Red Barber called the game without the benefit of a monitor and with only two cameras capturing the game. One camera was on Barber and the other was behind the plate. Barber had to guess from which light was on and where it pointed.
In1939, baseball games were usually covered by one camera providing a point-of-view along the third base line.
By1969, the usage ofchroma key (in which the commentators would open a telecast by standing in front of agreenscreen composite of the stadiums' crowds) became a common practice for baseball telecasts.
Equipment: Five cameras: Four on theMezzanine level and one in center field.
Camera lenses: Zoom capability existed albeit, limited.
Video: Color became an industry standard.
Replays: Yes; regular speed; no longer than thirty seconds long at a line angle.
Graphics: Electronic graphics introduced.
Audio: Improved - Audience can now hear the crack of the bat.
In the bottom of the 12th inning of Game 6 of the1975 World Series[14] atBoston'sFenway Park,Red Sox catcherCarlton Fisk was facingCincinnati Reds pitcherPat Darcy. Fisk then hit a pitch down the left field line that appeared to be heading to foul territory. The enduring image of Fisk jumping and waving the ball fair as he made his way to first base is arguably one of baseball's greatest moments. The ball struck the foul pole, giving the Red Sox a 7–6 win and forcing a seventh and deciding game of the Fall Classic. During this time, cameramen covering baseball games were instructed to follow the flight of the ball; reportedly, Fisk's reaction[15] was only being recorded becauseNBC cameraman Lou Gerard, positioned inside Fenway's scoreboard at the base of the left-fieldGreen Monster wall, had become distracted by a large rat.[16] This play was perhaps the most important catalyst in getting camera operators to focus most of their attention on the players themselves.[17]
On July 6, 1983,NBC televised theAll-Star Game out ofChicago'sComiskey Park. During the telecast, special guest analyst,Don Sutton helped introduce NBC's new pitchingtracking device dubbedThe NBC Tracer.[19]The NBC Tracer was astroboscopic comet tail showing the path of a pitch to the catcher's glove. For instance,The NBC Tracer helped track aDave Stiebcurveball among others.
Equipment: Eight cameras: One at first and third base each, one at home plate (a low home angle is added), one each in right field, center field and left field, and one in each dugout.
Camera lenses: 40×1; tight shots of players are routine.
Replays: Super slow-motion replays became a new technology.
DuringCBS' coverage of the1993 World Series, umpires were upset with the overhead replays being televised by CBS.Dave Phillips, the crew chief, said just prior to Game 2 that the umpires want"CBS to be fair with their approach."
Rick Gentile, the senior vice president for production ofCBS Sports, said thatRichie Phillips, the lawyer for the Major League Umpires Association, tried to call the broadcast booth during Saturday's game, but the call was not put through. Richie Phillips apparently was upset when Dave Phillips called thePhiladelphia Phillies'Ricky Jordan out on strikes in the fourth inning, and a replay showed the pitch to be about 6 inches outside.
National League PresidentBill White, while using a CBS headset in the broadcast booth during Game 1, was overheard telling Gentile and the producer Bob Dekas:
You guys keep using that camera the way you want. Don't let Phillips intimidate you.
April1995 -ESPN debuted in-game box scores duringMajor League Baseball telecasts. Hitting, pitching and fielding stats from the game are shown along the bottom of the screen three times per game.
On July 8, 1997,Fox[25] televised its first everAll-Star Game (out ofJacobs Field inCleveland). For this particular game, Fox introduced "Catcher-Cam" in which acamera was affixed to the catchers' masks in order to provide unique perspectives of the action around home plate.[26] Catcher-Cam soon would become a regular fixture in Fox's baseball broadcasts.
In addition to Catcher-Cam, other innovations (some of which have received more acclaim than others) that Fox[27] has provided for baseball telecasts have been:
Between 12 and 16 microphones throughout the outfield, ranging from Sennheiser MKH-416 shotgun microphones to DPA 4061s with Crystal Partners Big Earparabolic microphones to Crown Audio PCC160 plate microphones.
The continuous"FoxBox" graphic, which contained the score, inning and other information in an upper corner of the TV screen. Since2001, theFoxBox has morphed into a strip across the top of the screen which would later be used by other sports networks.
Audio accompanying graphics and sandwiched replays between "whooshes."
Scooter, a cartoony3-D animated talking baseball (voiced byTom Kenny) that occasionally appears to explain pitch types and mechanics, purportedly for younger viewers—approximately the 10- to 12-year-olds.[28]
Ball Tracer, a stroboscopic comet tail showing the path of a pitch to the catcher's glove.
Strike Zone, which shows pitch sequences with strikes in yellow and balls in white. It can put a simulated pane of glass that shatters when a ball goes through the zone (à la the computerized scoring graphics used forbowling).
The "high home" camera from high behind home plate. Its purpose is that it can trace the arc of a home run and measure the distance the ball traveled. The "high home" camera can also measure a runner's lead off first base while showing in different colors (green, yellow, red) and how far off the base and into pickoff danger a runner is venturing.
For a Saturday afternoon telecast of aLos Angeles Dodgers/Chicago Cubs game atWrigley Field on August 26,2000,Fox aired a special "Turn Back the Clock"[30] broadcast to commemorate the 61st anniversary of the first televised baseball game.[31] The broadcast started with a re-creation of the television technology of 1939, with play-by-play announcerJoe Buck working alone with a single microphone, a single black-and-white camera, and no graphics; then, each subsequent half-inning would see the broadcast "jump ahead in time" to a later era, showing the evolving technologies and presentation of network baseball coverage through the years.
April 15, 2001 -ESPN Dead Center debuted onSunday Night Baseball with theTexas Rangers versus theOakland Athletics. This new camera angle, directly behind the pitcher, is used provide true depiction of inside/outside pitch location and is used in certain parks in conjunction withK Zone.
April 7, 2002 -ESPN became the first network to place a microphone on a player during a regular-season baseball game. "Player Mic" was worn byOakland catcherRamón Hernández (who also wore "MaskCam") and taped segments were heard.
March 30, 2003 -ESPNHD, ahigh-definition simulcast service ofESPN, debuted with the first regular-season Major League Baseball game of the season -Texas atAnaheim.
April 2004 -ESPN'sSunday Night Baseball telecasts added afantasy baseball bottom line, updating viewers on the stats for their rotisserie league players at 15 and 45 minutes after the hour.
Starting in2004, someTBS telecasts (mostly Fridays or Saturdays) became more enhanced. The network decided to call itBraves TBS Xtra. Enhancements included catcher cam,Xtra Motion, which featured the type of pitch and movement, alsoleadOff Line. It would also show features with inside access to players.
April 13, 2005 - "SkyCam" premiered duringSunday Night Baseball on ESPN. "SkyCam" is mounted more than 20 feet above the stands in foul territory and travels down a designated base path (first or third base line, from behind home plate to the foul pole), capturing overhead views of the action. The remote-controlled camera can zoom, pan and tilt.
April 2, 2006 - A handheld camera brings viewers closer to the action for in-game live shots of home run celebrations, managers approaching the mound and more.
For their 2007 Division Series coverage,[32]TBS[33] debuted various new looks, such as the first live online views from cameras in dugouts and ones focused on pitchers. TBS also introduced a graphic that creates sort of a rainbow to trace the arc of pitches on game replays. The graphic was superimposed in the studio so analysts likeCal Ripken Jr. for instance, could take virtual cuts at pitches thrown in games.[32]
During their 2009 playoff coverage, TBS[34] displays theirPitchTrax graphic full-time during at-bats (with the center field camera only) during the high-definition version of the broadcast in the extreme right-hand corner of the screen.[35]
Meanwhile, for their own 2009 playoff coverage, Fox announced that they would occasionally include this stat on replays: Speed of pitches as they leave pitchers' hands as well as their speed when they cross home plate.[36]
YES Network andNESN integrates the pitch count on to their on screen graphics. ESPN would follow suit, while also re-hashing their score bug akin toMonday Night Football, now featuring dots instead of numbers to represent the balls, strikes and outs.
On September 29,Fox announced that their plans to use cable-cams[37] for their coverage of theNational League Championship Series andWorld Series. The cable-cams according to Fox, can roam over the field at altitudes ranging from about 12 to 80 feet above ground. They will be able to provide overhead shots of, among other things, "close plays" at bases and "managers talking to their pitchers on the mound."
With the start of the 2011 postseason,TBS planned to introduce the following[38]
Bloomberg Stats: TBS would use Bloomberg Stats as means to integrate comprehensive statistical information into each telecast.
Liberovision: This is an innovative 3D interactivetelestrator meant to give fans a new perspective of instant replays.
New graphics that intend to feature improved functionality with a nostalgic feel.
Pitch Trax:[39] An in-game technology that illustrates pitch location throughout the games.
The screen on TBS'sstandard definition4:3 feed now airs aletterboxed version of the native HD feed to match Fox's defaultwidescreen SD presentation, allowing the right side pitch tracking graphic to be seen by SD viewers.
For the2011 World Series,Fox debutedinfrared technology[40] that's designed to pinpoint heat made by a ball making contact — with, say, bats, face masks, players' bodies — and mark the spot for viewers by making it glow. During Game 1, Fox used "Hot Spot" to show that a batted ball was fouled offTexas Rangers batterAdrián Beltré's foot.[41]
Fox's2012 World Series coverage would include a camera whose replays could generate as many as 20,000 frames per second, the most ever seen on Fox—and up from about 60 frames per second on regular replays. The camera would allow viewers "to see the ball compress" when batted, similar to how cameras now show golf balls getting compressed when struck. The technology for the camera originated with the U.S. military looking at replays of missile impacts.[42]
At the beginning of the2016 season, TBS introduced new graphics[43] that were used all season including the postseason.
The score box, which was originally docked to the top and left edges of the screen, was completely redesigned for 2017 after much criticism during the 2016 postseason for its large size. Like the 2016 score bug, the current one still stands in the top left corner, only it is smaller.
