Bartow, Florida | |
|---|---|
| City of Bartow | |
 | |
 Seal | |
| Nickname: City of Oaks and Azaleas | |
 Location of Bartow in Polk County, Florida. | |
| Coordinates:27°53′23″N81°49′20″W / 27.88972°N 81.82222°W /27.88972; -81.82222 | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Florida |
| County | Polk |
| First Settled | Pre-Columbian Era |
| Nearby Black Seminole settlement | Late 1810s |
| Resettled | 1851 |
| Incorporated | July 1, 1882 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Tanya Tucker[1] |
| • City Commission | Members
|
| • City Manager | Mike Herr[2] |
| • U.S. Congress | Scott Franklin(R)[3] |
| Area | |
• City | 52.78 sq mi (136.71 km2) |
| • Land | 46.42 sq mi (120.23 km2) |
| • Water | 6.36 sq mi (16.48 km2) |
| Elevation | 118 ft (36 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
• City | 19,309 |
| • Density | 416/sq mi (160.6/km2) |
| • Metro | 787,404[5] |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP codes | 33830-33831 |
| Area code | 863 |
| Slogan(s) | Our History Comes to Life[7] |
| GNIS feature ID | 2403163[6] |
| Website | www |
Bartow (/ˈbɑːrtoʊ/BAR-toh) is a city and thecounty seat ofPolk County, Florida, United States. Founded in 1851 asFort Blount, the city was renamed in honor ofFrancis S. Bartow, the first brigade commander of theConfederate Army to die in combat during theAmerican Civil War. It is part of theLakeland−Winter HavenMetropolitan Statistical Area, which had an estimated population of 787,404, as of July 1, 2022.[5] According to the 2020 Census, the city had a population of 19,309.
Located near the source of thePeace River, Bartow is approximately 39 miles (63 km) east ofTampa, Florida and 50 miles (80 km) southwest of theGreater Orlando area. The city is near the center of "Lightning Alley" and has frequent afternoon thunderstorms in the summer, but typically has sunny and mild winters. Government, mining, and agriculture are the major sectors of the area's economy. The primary roads in the Bartow area areU.S. Route 17,U.S. Route 98 andState Road 60, which provide access to locations throughout Central Florida.
The officialcity nickname is the "City of Oaks and Azaleas"; residents are known as Bartowans.[9] Three districts within the city are on theNational Register of Historic Places. Other historic landmarks include theOld Polk County Courthouse built in 1909 andBartow High School, formerly Summerlin Institute, the oldest high school in the county. Summerlin Academy now uses the space and was named for the historic school. Although Bartow has been eclipsed in population, importance and name recognition by other cities in the county, particularlyLakeland andWinter Haven, the city has retained its small city heritage and its distinctiveSouthern culture. With the annexation of 18,000 acres (73 km2) of former phosphate mining land owned by the Clear Springs Land Company, Bartow's population is projected to increase to over 25,000 by 2025 and over 45,000 by 2030.
A Spanish map of the Florida peninsula drawn in 1527 shows a native settlement called Rio de la Paz near present-day Bartow.[10] Little is known about these Native Americans who made their home near present-day Bartow. It is likely that their population suffered high mortality from European diseases, such as smallpox and measles.[10][11] The remnants of these pre-Columbian peoples probably joined the Creek Indians who migrated from the north to become theSeminole Indian tribe.[10]
The first non-Indian settlement in the area was a colony ofBlack Seminole, free blacks and escaped slaves who established Minatti south of Lake Hancock in the late 1810s.[12] These "maroons", as they were commonly called, were slaves who escaped fromGeorgia andthe Carolinas.[13] The Black Seminole of Minatti were allies of theRed Stick Creek inTalakchopko, a village that preceded present-dayFort Meade.[14] The Seminole leaderOsceola had strong ties to Talakchopko. Many of the events leading up to theSecond Seminole War were associated with Osceola and the Minatti war chief Harry.[14] By the end of the Second Seminole War in 1842, both Minatti and Talakchopko had been destroyed by US forces.[15][page needed]
TheArmed Occupation Act of 1842 facilitated European-American settlement of the Florida peninsula in the 1840s, although the act prohibited settlement near the Peace River, as this was considered Seminole land.[10][16] Enforcement of that part of the act was not strictly enforced; however, and settlers eventually moved into the area.[10] As the settlement grew, the residents began to plant citrus trees and build one-room school houses and churches.[10] In 1851, Fort Blount was established by Redding Blount. Bartow developed east of this site.[17] At some point in the 1850s, Fort Blount was renamed as Peace Creek or Peas Creek, which was a translation of the Spanish Rio de la Paz of early maps.[17]
About a month after the secession of Florida in 1861, the state established Polk County from the eastern portion ofHillsborough County.[18] A few months later, theAmerican Civil War began with the Battle of Fort Sumter. Because of the turmoil of secession and the war, the county had no official county seat for its first six years.[19] The state legislature had directed the voters of Polk County to choose a site for the county seat and mandated that the site be named "Reidsville".[19] During the war, the area's major contribution to theConfederacy was supplying food, particularly cattle and beef.[20] TheUnion army and navy had effective control of the west coast of Florida, and many cattlemen retreated inland and formed the"Cow Cavalry" as a defense against Union troops.[21][20] One of the wealthiest members of the Cow Cavalry was Jacob Summerlin.[20] After Summerlin purchased the Blount property in 1862, he donated a large parcel of land to build a county courthouse, two churches and a school.[19] Later that year, the town which had been known as Fort Blount, Peace Creek, Peas Creek, and briefly Reidsville, was permanently renamed Bartow in honor ofFrancis S. Bartow, the first Confederate brigade commander to die during the war.[19]
Bartow recovered slowly from the war.[22] The first Polk County Courthouse was built in 1867, which firmly established the city as county seat.[19] Although Florida formally rejoined the union in 1868, the Reconstruction era did not end in Florida until 1877.[23]
The 1880s and 1890s were a period of growth for the city of Bartow; from 1880 to 1900, the city would grow from 386 residents to 1,983.[24][25] On July 1, 1882, the town was incorporated as a city.[26] In 1885, theFlorida Southern Railroad, a north–south route fromNorth Florida toSouthwest Florida opened in Bartow.[27] A year later, the Bartow Branch of theSouth Florida Railroad, connecting Tampa and Orlando, was completed.[28] The railroads were catalysts for growth of the area; during theSpanish–American War, the Bartow rail yards became a crucial part of the supply line directed at US troops in Cuba.[22] In 1887, Summerlin Institute, the first brick schoolhouse south ofJacksonville, was built.[29]
By the turn of the century, Bartow had become the most populous city south of Tampa on the Florida peninsula – larger thanMiami orWest Palm Beach.[30]
As the city grew, a number of industries moved into the Bartow area. In the first few decades of the 1900s, thousands of acres of land around the city were purchased by thephosphate industry. Bartow would become the hub of the largest phosphate industry in the United States.[31]
Polk County was the leading citrus county in the United States for much of the 20th century and the city has several large groves. In 1941, the city built an airport northeast of town.[32] The airport was taken over by the federal government duringWorld War II and was the training location for manyArmy Air Corps pilots during the war.[32] The airport was returned to the city in 1967 and renamed as Bartow Municipal Airport.[32]
For most of the 20th century, Bartow's growth was modest, especially in comparison to the rest of the county and state. While other cities in Polk County aggressively annexed adjacent land and allowed rapid growth, the government of Bartow generally took a more cautious approach.[33][34] Bartow's growth was also limited because most of the land surrounding the city was owned by phosphate mining companies, making residential growth impractical.[33][34] Although Bartow had been the largest city in Polk county in 1900, by the 1910 U.S. Census, Lakeland had surpassed it in population.[35] Bartow remained the second largest city in the county until sometime in the 1950s, when Winter Haven superseded it.[35]
In the late 1990s phosphate operations in the area moved southward, and much of the former phosphate land became available for sale.[33][36] In 1999, Connecticut financier Stanford Phelps purchased the former Clear Springs phosphate lands east and south of city limits; he announced plans for an 18,000-acre development, the largest project in Polk County history.[33][37] After nearly a decade of delays, the plan received final approval in 2009.[37] The Clear Springs Development includes plans for more than 11,000 new homes, 1,000,000 square feet (93,000 m2) of commercial space, three schools, and a golf course.[33] According to the Central Florida Regional Planning Council, Bartow's population is projected to grow to over 25,000 people by 2015.[38][39] When buildout of the Clear Springs Development is completed by 2030, the population of the city is projected to be over 45,000 residents.[38][39]
Bartow is located slightly southwest of the geographical centers of both Polk County and peninsular Florida.[40] The city is approximately 39 miles (63 km) east ofTampa and 51 miles (82 km) southwest ofOrlando.[41][42] The cities of Bartow, Lakeland, and Winter Haven form a roughlyequilateral triangle pointed southward, with Bartow being the south point, Lakeland the west point, and Winter Haven the east point.[43][44] The city is located near theheadwaters of thePeace River atLake Hancock.[45] Bartow is located within the Central Florida Highlands area of theAtlantic coastal plain with a terrain consisting of flatland interspersed with gently rolling hills.[46]
According to theUnited States Census Bureau, in 2000 the city had a total area of 11.4 square miles (30 km2), of which 11.2 square miles (29 km2) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) (1.23%) is water. As a result of the annexation of over 26,000 acres (110 km2) of undeveloped land, primarily the Clear Springs land, the area of the city has quadrupled to over 52 square miles (130 km2) with more annexation still pending.
Bartow is located on the South Central Florida Ridge, as classified by theUSDA.[47] Most soils in the Bartow area are sandy; other soils have sandy surface layers andclay subsoils, and the eastern outskirts of town have a clay-rich floodplain through which the Peace River flows. Drainage outside of the floodplain ranges from good to excessive for the most part except for a poorly drained band which cuts across the northern part of town. Much of Bartow is built on the Fort Meade soil series, which is well drained, high in organic matter, and rich inphosphorus, an uncommon combination in Florida, much appreciated by area gardeners.[48][49]
Bartow, like most of Florida, is located in the humid subtropical zone (Köppen climate classification:Cfa). The climate of Bartow and other inland cities is slightly different than those cities on the coasts of Florida. Typically, the ocean or gulf tends to moderate the climate of cities on the coast. As Bartow is further from the coast than almost any other city in Florida, it tends to have higher daytime temperatures cooler temperatures at night. Regardless, the climate pattern prevalent throughout central Florida is evident in Bartow: hot, humid summers with frequent afternoon thunderstorms and relatively drier and milder winters.
On average, a tropical system brings hurricane-force winds to the Polk County area less than once every ten years, although the2004 hurricane season in which three hurricanes hit within 44 days was a case study in thelaw of averages.[50] Until 2004, the most recent storm to bring hurricane-force winds to the Bartow area had beenHurricane Donna in 1960.[51]While Florida's vulnerability to hurricanes is well known, hurricanes are not the most common severe weather threat seen in the Polk County area. The area is in the center of "lightning alley", the most concentrated lightning strike area in the United States.[52] Lightning is not the only threat from central Florida thunderstorms. The more severe storms bring the threat of tornadoes, although Florida tornadoes very rarely reach the size of those elsewhere in the United States. Even hail is not out of the question; one storm in March 1996 caused a one-foot accumulation of hail in areas of Bartow.[53]
Freezes are an occasional occurrence in the Bartow area and can be a problem if temperatures remain below freezing for a sustained period of time. On average, the area can expect an annual minimum temperature of 32 °F (0 °C), putting it in planthardiness zone 10a. Snow is a rare phenomenon in the area, perhaps a few times every century.[54]
| Climate data for Bartow, Florida, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1892–present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 90 (32) | 91 (33) | 97 (36) | 99 (37) | 101 (38) | 103 (39) | 102 (39) | 100 (38) | 98 (37) | 97 (36) | 96 (36) | 90 (32) | 103 (39) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 83.2 (28.4) | 85.4 (29.7) | 87.9 (31.1) | 91.3 (32.9) | 94.6 (34.8) | 96.2 (35.7) | 96.3 (35.7) | 95.9 (35.5) | 94.4 (34.7) | 91.5 (33.1) | 87.4 (30.8) | 83.7 (28.7) | 97.3 (36.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 72.9 (22.7) | 75.9 (24.4) | 79.7 (26.5) | 84.2 (29.0) | 88.7 (31.5) | 90.9 (32.7) | 91.9 (33.3) | 91.7 (33.2) | 89.7 (32.1) | 85.2 (29.6) | 79.0 (26.1) | 74.7 (23.7) | 83.7 (28.7) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 61.2 (16.2) | 64.0 (17.8) | 67.7 (19.8) | 72.5 (22.5) | 77.6 (25.3) | 81.1 (27.3) | 82.3 (27.9) | 82.3 (27.9) | 80.7 (27.1) | 75.5 (24.2) | 68.3 (20.2) | 63.6 (17.6) | 73.1 (22.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 49.5 (9.7) | 52.1 (11.2) | 55.7 (13.2) | 60.8 (16.0) | 66.4 (19.1) | 71.3 (21.8) | 72.6 (22.6) | 72.9 (22.7) | 71.8 (22.1) | 65.9 (18.8) | 57.5 (14.2) | 52.6 (11.4) | 62.4 (16.9) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 34.1 (1.2) | 37.2 (2.9) | 42.4 (5.8) | 50.2 (10.1) | 58.8 (14.9) | 67.8 (19.9) | 70.3 (21.3) | 70.5 (21.4) | 67.4 (19.7) | 53.2 (11.8) | 44.1 (6.7) | 37.6 (3.1) | 32.3 (0.2) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 18 (−8) | 22 (−6) | 23 (−5) | 34 (1) | 45 (7) | 56 (13) | 60 (16) | 61 (16) | 55 (13) | 32 (0) | 25 (−4) | 18 (−8) | 18 (−8) |
| Averageprecipitation inches (mm) | 2.66 (68) | 2.10 (53) | 2.84 (72) | 2.72 (69) | 2.95 (75) | 8.28 (210) | 7.56 (192) | 7.78 (198) | 7.31 (186) | 3.03 (77) | 1.49 (38) | 2.16 (55) | 50.88 (1,292) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in) | 6.0 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 4.8 | 6.5 | 13.0 | 15.0 | 15.7 | 12.3 | 7.0 | 4.4 | 5.5 | 100.9 |
| Source: NOAA[55][56] | |||||||||||||
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1880 | 386 | — | |
| 1890 | 1,386 | 259.1% | |
| 1900 | 1,983 | 43.1% | |
| 1910 | 2,662 | 34.2% | |
| 1920 | 4,101 | 54.1% | |
| 1930 | 5,269 | 28.5% | |
| 1940 | 6,158 | 16.9% | |
| 1950 | 8,694 | 41.2% | |
| 1960 | 12,849 | 47.8% | |
| 1970 | 12,891 | 0.3% | |
| 1980 | 14,780 | 14.7% | |
| 1990 | 14,716 | −0.4% | |
| 2000 | 15,340 | 4.2% | |
| 2010 | 17,298 | 12.8% | |
| 2020 | 19,309 | 11.6% | |
| Population 1890-2000.[57] | |||
| Race | Pop 2010[58] | Pop 2020[59] | % 2010 | % 2020 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White (NH) | 10,216 | 10,576 | 59.06% | 54.77% |
| Black or African American (NH) | 4,023 | 4,245 | 23.26% | 21.98% |
| Native American orAlaska Native (NH) | 36 | 33 | 0.21% | 0.17% |
| Asian (NH) | 187 | 284 | 1.08% | 1.47% |
| Pacific Islander orNative Hawaiian (NH) | 10 | 6 | 0.06% | 0.03% |
| Some other race (NH) | 21 | 103 | 0.12% | 0.53% |
| Two or more races/Multiracial (NH) | 259 | 645 | 1.50% | 3.34% |
| Hispanic or Latino (any race) | 2,546 | 3,417 | 14.72% | 17.70% |
| Total | 17,298 | 19,309 |
As of the2020 United States census, there were 19,309 people, 6,546 households, and 4,378 families residing in the city.[60]
As of the2010 United States census, there were 17,298 people, 5,909 households, and 4,097 families residing in the city.[61]
In 2010, thepopulation density was 377.1 inhabitants per square mile of land (976.7/km2).[62] There were 7,130 housing units[63] at an average density of 155.4 per square mile of land(402.5/km2).[62][63]
In 2010, there were 5,909 households, of which 67.4% were families (one or more other people related to the householder by birth, marriage, or adoption), 27.4% consisted of individuals, 35.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.2% were heterosexual married couples living together, 18.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.57 and the average family size was 3.12. Among housing units, 87.7% were occupied and 1.4% were for seasonal, recreational, or occasional use; 63.5% of occupied housing units were owner-occupied and 36.5% were occupied by renters. an average density of 155.4 per square mile of land(402.5/km2).[62][63]
In 2010, the median age was 36.2 years; 25.8% under the age of 18, 9.3% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 24.1% from 45 to 64, and 14.8% who were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 males there were 112.6 females. For every 100 males age 18 and over, there were 120.1 females. an average density of 155.4 per square mile of land(402.5/km2).[62][63]
According to theAmerican Community Survey between 2009 and 2013, the median income for a household in the city was 44,297, and the median income for a family was 56,009. Among full-time, year-round workers, males had a median income of $39,540 versus $32,076 for females. Theper capita income for the city was $18,994. About 17.2% of families and 22.6% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 33.9% of those under age 18 and 13.3% of those age 65 or over. an average density of 155.4 per square mile of land(402.5/km2).[62][63]
The first two churches built in town, the First Baptist and the First Methodist churches, were constructed on land given by the city founder Jacob Summerlin in 1867. Jacob Summerlin was known as the "King of the Crackers" and owned much of the land located around Bartow.[64] These churches, although not housed in the original buildings, are still extant today. In 1919, more than 8,000 people came to Bartow to hear former baseball star and traveling evangelistBilly Sunday preach, which was twice as much as the population of Bartow and more than the population of the county's largest city Lakeland at the time.[65] As of 2010, there are more than 70 churches within the Bartow area.[66]
Like most of theBible Belt, Bartow has a high number of people affiliated withevangelical Protestant denominations with over 62% of churchgoers belonging to evangelical denominations.[67][68] According to data published by the Glenmary Research Center in 2000, the denomination which has the largest number of adherents in Bartow is theSouthern Baptist Convention with 27%, followed by theRoman Catholic church with 19%.[67]Pentecostal/Charismatic churches are also prominent making up 17% of Bartow's church attendance.[67] The Pentecostal experience known as theLakeland revival, which attracted controversy for its claims of supernatural healing, was started up the road at theCarpenter's Home Church in Lakeland.[69][70] Other churches which have a presence in Bartow include theUnited Methodist Church at 9%, and theEpiscopal andLutheran churches with 2% apiece. While there are no synagogues in town for Jewish Bartowans, Temple Emanuel is a conservative synagogue only 12 miles (19 km) away in Lakeland.[71] There are twoMuslimmosques and a Hindu temple in the county.[72]
The economy of Bartow is driven by four sectors: government, mining, agriculture, and tourism. While Bartow's population is less than 20,000, it is shaped by its proximity to several large centers of population. Within a 100-mile (160 km) radius of the center of town, there are close to 8 million people.[31][73]
The dominant force in the economy of Bartow is city, county and state government.[73] As a small city which is the seat of a county with over half a million people. In addition to city and county offices, there are also a number of regional, state, and federal offices located within Bartow city limits. Nine of the seventeen largest employers in Bartow are government entities.[74] The largest by far is thePolk County School Board with over 12,000 employees. Other county entities which employ many people in the Bartow area include the county commission, the sheriff's department, the clerk of court, the tax collector, and the property appraiser.[74] TheFlorida Department of Transportation District One office is located in Bartow and is responsible for southwest Florida's transportation needs.[75]
There are several large businesses with headquarters elsewhere which were founded in Bartow. The large international law firm ofHolland & Knight was founded in Bartow in 1929.[76] What eventually become the largeBurdines and Sons department store chain was founded in Bartow in 1896 as Payne and Burdines.[77] A couple years after opening his store, William M. Burdines opened a store in Miami and relocated his operations there.[77]
Phosphate mining has been a major player in Bartow's economy since the discovery of phosphate rock in 1881.[31]Polk County is part of theBone Valley which is the richest source of phosphate rock in the world;[31] 75% of the United States's supply and 25% of the world's supply come from the Bone Valley.[31] The largest employer in the phosphate industry is Mosaic which employs over 3,000 people in the area.[74]
In terms of area, Polk County has 600,000 acres (2,400 km2) dedicated to agriculture.[31] According to the US Census of Agriculture, Polk County is the top citrus production county in Florida.[78] Polk County is also ranked second in the state in production of honey and fourth in number of heads of cattle.[78] Since 1997 the new bumper crop in the area is blueberry.[79] From 2000 to 2007 the area has more than doubled its production of blueberries and accounts for more than 35% of the state's production of the fruit.[78] While spring is usually a "dead" time for every other blueberry growing area in North and South America, Polk County blueberries peak from March to May.
Although there are no major tourist attractions in the immediate Bartow area, the city is located less than 50 miles (80 km) from both theWalt Disney World Resort andBusch Gardens Tampa Bay.[41][80] The city is also less than 20 miles (32 km) fromLegoland Florida in Winter Haven andBok Tower Gardens in Lake Wales.[81][82] As a city with many historical sites dating back over 100 years, Bartow is also a point of interest for those interested in historical sites and monuments.[83]
There are several annual events in the Bartow area which have a long tradition. Many of these are large events which draw people from other communities to the city such as the Cricket Club Halloween Parade and Carnival held each year since 1942 or the annual Fourth of July Celebration held at Mosaic Park.[84][85] The Bloomin' Arts Festival is an art show held in early March by the Bartow Art Guild.[86] Every February brings the Annual L.B. Brown Festival at the L.B. Brown House on L.B. Brown Avenue (formally Second Avenue).[87]Bartow's discarded natural Christmas trees are piled around a telephone pole for the annual New Year's Eve bonfire, a unique tradition spanning more than seven decades which has sometimes been covered by national media.[88]
The Polk County Arts Alliance based in Bartow is designated the official Art Agency by the county commission and is in charge of furthering the performing arts in the county.[89] The Bartow Performing Arts Series sponsors five performances every year. The Imperial Symphony Orchestra is an ensemble of ninety volunteer musicians throughout the county who perform a dozen or so events every year including a concert "under the stars".[90] The city also has a volunteer band, the Bartow Adult Concert Band, which performs several shows a year.[91] On the third Friday of every month, Main Street is blocked off for Friday Fest at 6 p.m. for a night of live music and entertainment, informally known as "Tow Jam" by natives.[92]
The city's Historic Architecture Review Board is responsible for the preservation, enhancement and promotion of historic buildings, landmarks and districts within the city.[93] Three districts in the city,the Bartow Downtown Commercial District,the Northeast Bartow Residential District, andthe South Bartow Residential District have been designated as historic districts.[94] New construction within these districts is regulated by the board and they have the power to veto construction which might alter the character of the neighborhood.[93]
While the towering oaks and ever-present azalea bushes which spawned the city's nickname give many of the historic landmarks of the city a distinctiveSouthern "look and feel", many styles of architecture are represented in Bartow's historic buildings. The South Bartow and Northeast Bartow historic districts are characterized bymasonry vernacular and variousrevival styles, while downtown is dominated by frame vernacular andclassical revival styles.[94] Other buildings on theNational Register of Historic Places with distinctive architectural styles include the Thompson and Company Cigar Factory built in aMission Revival Style and the L.B. Brown House built with distinctiveVictorian ornamentation.[95] The L.B. Brown House is notable as perhaps the only house still standing in Florida built by a freedman.[95][96] TheOld Polk County Courthouse, Bartow's most recognizable symbol seen on its city seal, was built in 1909 in aneoclassical style.[94] ThePolk County Historical Museum is located in the Old Polk County Courthouse and consists of exhibits presenting local and regional history frompre-Columbian to present eras, along with a history and genealogical library.
Florida Senator Spessard L. Holland was born in Bartow. His home is located on South Broadway 2 blocks north of Bartow High School. Senator Holland was a founding member of the Holland and Knight Law Firm. The firm's original office was located on South Central Avenue across the street from the Bartow Post Office.
There are several other notable buildings in Bartow which are not on the National Register of Historic Places. TheWonder House at 1075 Mann Road features natural air-conditioning (using rainwater), secluded outdoor bathtubs, and numerous mirrors that let occupants see who is at the door from other parts of the home.[97] The current owners of the Wonder House are restoring it and plan to open a museum. The Thomas Lee Wilson House, also known as the Stanford Inn, at 555 East Stanford Street was the "Sultenfuss Funeral Parlor" in the movieMy Girl.[98] The house at 935 South Oak Avenue known as "Windsweep" was the residence used in the movieChina Moon.[99]
Many of the recreational opportunities in the area are outdoor activities designed to take advantage of the warm subtropical climate. There are eighteen parks in the City of Bartow Department of Parks and Recreation.[100] Mary Holland Park, named after the wife of former Florida governorSpessard Holland, is a 119-acre (0.48 km2) park with three lakes, a playground, an overnight camping area, and a skateboard park.[100] The Bartow Civic Center is a 31-acre (130,000 m2) complex with meeting rooms, concert facilities and a public pool.[100] Bartow Park is a 95-acre (380,000 m2) complex with softball, baseball and soccer fields and a track for remote control cars.[100] The Bartow Golf Course is a par 72, 6,300 yard course designed by renowned golf course architect Donald Ross, with a restaurant and an area for barbecuing.[100]
The Tour de Tow is an annual cycling tour held in September.[101] The Fort Fraser Trail is a 7.7 miles (12.4 km) path leading from Bartow to South Lakeland.[102] The path follows a converted CSX railroad line and is popular with area cyclists, joggers, and in-line skaters.[102] Plans have been made to build a replica of the historicFort Fraser along the path, as well as adding historical markers.[102] Five picnic areas and six rest shelters are available along the path.[103]
Polk County has over 550 lakes.[104] Most of these lakes were formerly strip mines; they are closed to the public, only 88 of the lakes are open to the public via boat ramp access.[104] The area has a national reputation forlargemouth bass fishing and there are tournaments held weekly almost year-round.[105][106] Some of the lakes on the east side of Bartow offer anglers the opportunity to catch 50 largemouth bass a day.[107]
The City of Bartow has acommission-manager form of government. The city commission consists of five commissioners, each elected for a three-year term.[108] The mayor is a member of the city commission elected annually by the commissioners, although traditionally the position is rotated.[108] As of 2022, the mayor of Bartow is Steve Githens Other commissioners are Nick Adams, Leo Longworth, Tanya Tucker and Trish Pfeiffer".[1][109] The city executive powers rest with the city manager, as contracted by the city commission. In 2010, the city's budget was $74.2 million.[110]
Electricity, waste disposal and water are municipal services provided by the city of Bartow to residents in city limits and nearby areas. Bartow is part of theSouthwest Florida Water Management District and in times of drought, the city strictly enforces the restrictions set forth by the district.[111] Although it is a private entity outside of the city limits of Bartow, theBartow Executive Airport is governed and administrated by the city commission which convenes as the Bartow Airport Authority. As of 2016, the Bartow Police Department has five sergeants, twenty officers, three K-9 officers, two school resource officers, two public safety aides, and one parking enforcement specialist, while the Bartow Fire Department has 18 full-time firemen.[112][113] The city of Bartow also operates the Bartow Public library, which was founded in 1897 and has reciprocal borrowing agreements with other public libraries in Polk County.[114]
Bartow, as well as the rest of Polk County, is part of the so-calledI-4 corridor. The I-4 corridor is seen by political analysts as the most politically competitive part of the state.[115] Polk is considered the most conservative county in the corridor.[116] Even though the majority of the residents of Bartow are members of theDemocratic Party, outnumbering theRepublican Party in party affiliation (53.3% to 31.7%), voters tend to support Republicans in most state and federal elections.[117] In 2008 Republican presidential candidateJohn McCain's lead over DemocratBarack Obama (53.6% to 46.5) in the city was larger than that of both the county and state.[118]
All of Bartow's local representation in the state and federal legislatures are members of the Republican Party. Bartow is represented in the stateFlorida House of Representatives byBen Albritton.[119] In theFlorida Senate, Bartow is represented byDenise Grimsley.[120] In theUnited States House of Representatives, Bartow is located inFlorida's 15th congressional district, and represented by CongressmanScott Franklin.
TheFlorida Department of Citrus has its headquarters in the Bob Crawford Agricultural Center in Bartow.[121]
The schools in Bartow are operated by thePolk County School Board, although several of them predate the establishment of the school board, and were autonomous at one time.Bartow High School, formerly Summerlin Institute, is the oldest high school in the county and one of the oldest high schools in the state of Florida.[29] In 1923Union Academy, became the first African-American high school in Polk County. Court-ordered integration began in Bartow during the fall of 1969, and the former black high school Union Academy became a middle school.[29] In 1971, Summerlin Institute officially became Bartow High School, a name it had been known as informally at least since the early 1900s. There are currently seven elementary schools and two middle schools which are feeder schools of Bartow High School.[110] Located at the campus of Bartow High School is the International Baccalaureate School of Polk County which offers an academically challenging environment and the Summerlin Academy which offers a military-oriented education.[29]
It is expected that the rapid growth of the Clear Springs development will necessitate the building of at least two elementary schools and a middle school within the next twenty years.[122] As part of this development, a newPolk State College campus called The PSC Advanced Technology Center at Clear Springs is projected to open by 2012. This 20 acres (81,000 m2) campus will be located near the intersection ofState Road 60 and 80 Foot Road.[123]
While there are currently no colleges or universities in Bartow, there are several within a 20 mi (32 km) radius of Bartow. The nearest university,University of South Florida Polytechnic is located 6 mi (9.7 km) northwest of city limits in Lakeland on a joint campus withPolk State College.Florida Southern College andSoutheastern University are also located in Lakeland.[124]Warner University is located to the east in Lake Wales.[82]
Bartow is part of theTampa/St. Pete television market, the 13th largest in the country.[125] There are two AM radio stations within the city:WQXM (1460 AM) andWWBF (1130 AM). These stations are part of the localLakeland/Winter Haven radio market, which is the 94th largest in the country.[126] In addition to the stations in the local market, people in the area have the choice of both Tampa Bay and Orlando area radio stations and as of the 2010market sweeps several of the most listened to stations in the market are in the Tampa Bay area.
ThePolk County Democrat is the only newspaper published within Bartow. It is a semi-weekly paper which began publication in 1931.[127] The dominant daily newspaper isThe Ledger out of Lakeland, although theTampa Tribune, theNews Chief out ofWinter Haven, Florida and theOrlando Sentinel have some circulation in town.[128]
The street grid of Bartow is a typical four quadrant grid with Main Street as the east–west axis and Broadway Avenue as the north–south axis. Broadway is co-signed withU.S. Route 98 in the northern commercial district and leads southward into the center of town before heading into one of the older residential sections of town. Main Street is the oldState Road 60 leading into the historic heart of downtown Bartow.[129]
The primary numbered routes going through Bartow are State Road 60 andU.S. Route 17 and U.S. Route 98.[129] State Road 60 is a major state highway leading to both the Gulf and Atlantic coasts and is the major east–west route through town. Originally traveling along Main Street, State Road 60 now follows Van Fleet Drive bypassing the downtown area, and is commonly known as "the 60 Bypass" by locals.[129][130] Heading east on State Road 60 leads to Lake Wales and on to Vero Beach, while westbound leads to Mulberry and eventually Tampa. U.S. 17 is the main north–south route on the east side of town. It is a four lane divided highway leading north to Winter Haven and south to Fort Meade.[129] U.S. 98 is cosigned with U.S. 17 until its intersection with SR 60. Briefly cosigned with State Road 60 until its intersection with Broadway Avenue. US 98 then turns northward onto Broadway Avenue heading towards Lakeland.[129]State Road 570, known as the Polk Parkway, is a toll road located (10 km) north of city limits on U.S. 98. The Polk Parkway provides direct freeway access to Tampa and Orlando viaInterstate 4.[131]
The explosive growth expected in the area in the next few decades has created a need for a reexamination of the area's transportation infrastructure. The Central Polk Parkway is a proposed limited access highway that would connect the Polk Parkway with U.S. 17 and State Road 60.[132] The Northern Bartow Connector, which was expected to be completed by 2015 but was shelved as of 2016, is a partial loop around the north part of town connecting U.S. 98 with State Road 60 east of town.[133] However, the portion connecting U.S. 98 and U.S. 17 was completed in 2013.[134]
For aviation needs,Bartow Executive Airport is available. The airport has a VFR control tower, three 5,000 ft runways - including two parallel runways, a restaurant with views of the airfield, and includes anindustrial park and warehouse storage.[135] BothTampa International Airport (TPA) andOrlando International Airport (MCO) are within 60 miles (97 km) driving distance from the center of Bartow.[41][42]
Bartow has its own bus system, the Bartow Shuttle, which runs from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. Monday through Friday. TheCitrus Connection has buses that serve the Bartow downtown area from Lakeland, andWinter Haven Area Transit serves Bartow from Winter Haven and Fort Meade.[136][137]
The Bartow Public Library is a member of the Polk County Library Cooperative.[138] The library is located at 2150 S. Broadway Ave. Bartow, FL 33830.[139] The library first started May 19, 1897 above Polk County National Bank. After obtaining a Carnegie Grant the public library was opened on February 8, 1915. It moved to the current location in 1998.[138] The Polk County Historical and Genealogical Library is housed within thePolk County Historical Museum in the historicOld Polk County Courthouse and contains more than 40,000 items in its collection pertaining to history and genealogy of the eastern United States.[140]
As it is the county seat, many government officials and politicians have been associated with Bartow since its founding. Perhaps the most notable isSpessard Holland, former Florida governor and U.S. Senator, who governed the state during World War Two and introduced theTwenty-fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which prohibited use of thepoll tax in federal elections. Holland had opposed previous civil rights legislation.[141] Spessard L. Holland Elementary, named in his honor, opened in 2009. His predecessor in the U.S. Senate,Charles O. Andrews, also attended school in Bartow.[142] Others who were raised and schooled in Bartow include former Florida Supreme Court Chief JusticeStephen Grimes,[143] former Florida Secretary of StateKatherine Harris, who had a key role during the2000 U.S. Presidential election,[144] and former U.S. congressmanAdam Putnam.[145]
The most notable military officer from Bartow is four-star generalJames Van Fleet, who was the commanding officer of theUnited Nations forces during theKorean War. Other generals associated with the City of Bartow includeAlbert H. Blanding, who served during World War One, and Confederate GeneralEvander M. Law, who lived for his last forty years in Bartow.[146][147]
Numerous men who became professional athletes were born, lived in or associated with the city of Bartow. Some were born in Polk General Hospital, a public hospital in Bartow which closed in 1995, but most were generally associated with other cities in Polk County.[148] Born in Bartow and raised elsewhere in the county wereNFL linebackerRay Lewis,[149]NBA guardTracy McGrady,[150] andmotocross starJames "Bubba" Stewart.[151] Other athletes who were raised and educated in Bartow include former NFL defensive back (2023 Hall of Fame class)Ken Riley, former NFL defensive backMarcus Floyd, formerCleveland Indians outfielderFrank Baker, and former NASCAR driverRick Wilson.[152][153]
Other notable people from Bartow include Lake Eola Park founderJacob Summerlin, January 2010Playboy PlaymateJaime Faith Edmondson,[154] centenarianCharlie Smith,[155] lynching victimFred Rochelle, andOssian Sweet, a physician who challenged the color line in Detroit and was acquitted of murder charges.[156]
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