| Barton Hartshorn | |
|---|---|
 St. James' parish church | |
  Barton Hartshorn Location withinBuckinghamshire | |
| Population | 88 (Mid-2010 pop est)[1] |
| OS grid reference | SP6431 |
| Civil parish |
|
| Unitary authority | |
| Ceremonial county | |
| Region | |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | Buckingham |
| Postcode district | MK18 |
| Dialling code | 01280 |
| Police | Thames Valley |
| Fire | Buckinghamshire |
| Ambulance | South Central |
| UK Parliament | |
| |
Barton Hartshorn is acivil parish about 4 miles (6.4 km) southwest ofBuckingham inBuckinghamshire, within theBuckinghamshire Councilunitary authority area. Its southern boundary is a brook called the Birne, and this and the parish's western boundary form part of the county boundary withOxfordshire. At the 2011 Census the population of the parish was included in the civil parish ofChetwode.
Thetoponym "Barton" is derived from theOld English for "Barley Farm", and is a common place name in England. In the 11th century it was recorded asBertone.[3] In the 15th century it was recorded asBarton Hertishorne andBeggars Barton, and in the 16th century it wasLittle Barton.[3] "Hartshorn" comes from a separate hamlet in the same parish and is thought[by whom?] to refer to the shape of the land locally: it[clarification needed] lies in the shape of a deer's horn.[citation needed]
Before theNorman Conquest of England Wilaf, athegn of EarlLeofwine Godwinson, held themanor.[3] TheDomesday Book of 1086 records that it was one of the extensive landholdings ofOdo,Bishop of Bayeux.[3] However, by then Odo had already been imprisoned for disobeyingWilliam I and forfeited his estates tothe Crown.[3]
In the 13th century both Nutley Abbey inLong Crendon andOsney Abbey in Oxford held land at Barton.[3] Both abbeys retained their estates here until thedissolution of the monasteries in the late 1530s,[3] when they were required to surrender them tothe Crown. After the dissolution, Nutley's land at Barton was granted to the same secular owner as the adjacent manor ofChetwode, and the two descended together until the 20th century.[3]
Part of themanor house is 17th century and a stone on the west gable is inscribed with the date 1635.[3][4] Surviving 17th century features include somemullioned windows, a fireplace, staircase, and panelling.[4] Alterations and major extensions to the house made in 1903 and 1908 were designed by the architect wasRobert Lorimer.[4]
Thenave of theChurch of England parish church ofSaint James may be 13th century: it has a 13th-centurylancet window in the west wall and a 13th-century doorway (not in its original position) in the south wall.[3] The windows either side of the south door are 14th century, and so too may be the north door.[3] The blocked west doorway is late 15th or early 16th century and in the north wall are two 16th century windows. The south porch may be 17th century. The chancel was added in the 19th century and thetransepts in 1841.[3]
The parish'scommon lands wereenclosed by anAct of Parliament passed in 1812.[3]
In 1899 theGreat Central Railway completed itsmain line to London through the southernmost part of the parish. The nearest station wasFinmere for Buckingham, which was just over the Oxfordshire county boundary on the main road betweenBuckingham andBicester and only3⁄4 mile (1.2 km) from Barton Hartshorn. The station was 5 miles (8 km) from Buckingham, more than 1 mile (1.6 km) fromFinmere and was actually inShelswell parish next to the village ofNewton Purcell. In about 1922 the Great Central renamed the station Finmere.British Railways closed the station in 1963 and the line in 1966.
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