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| Barranquenho | |
|---|---|
| Barranquenhu | |
| Native to | Portugal |
| Region | Barrancos |
Native speakers | (undated figure of 1,500)[1] |
Early forms | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | None (mis) |
1oy | |
| Glottolog | None |
 Location of Barrancos in theBeja District | |
Barranquenho (Barranquenhu[2]) is aRomance linguistic variety spoken in thePortuguese town ofBarrancos, near theSpanish border. It is amixed language, and can be considered either a variety ofPortuguese (Alentejan Portuguese) heavily influenced by the Spanish dialects of neighbouring areas in Spain inExtremadura andAndalusia (especially those fromEncinasola andRosal de la Frontera),[3] or a Spanish dialect (Extremaduran /Andalusian) heavily influenced by Portuguese.
Barranquenho speakers maintain that they speak neither Spanish nor Portuguese but a third language altogether different.Ethnologue lists Barranquenho (as Barranquian) as a dialect ofExtremaduran, perhaps because Barrancos was populated by settlers fromBadajoz, a city inExtremadura, though not in anExtremaduran language speaking area.[4]
The development of Barranquenho seems to be relatively recent, the variety developing no earlier than 1527 and likely by the early 1800s, unlike other minority linguistic varieties in the Iberian Peninsula, which have medieval roots.[5]
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Like Portuguese, Barranquenho has seven oral vowels and contrasts/s/ and/z/.[6]
The Portuguese base of this dialect is extremely hidden behind the Spanish dialects that mold it. The most characteristic aspect of this dialect is the aspiration of the⟨s⟩ and⟨z⟩ in the end of words, as in all the Extremaduran, Andalusian, and other southern peninsular dialects:cruh (Portuguese/Spanish:cruz; English: cross),buhcá (Portuguese/Spanish:buscar; English: search). Sometimes these letters can be completely muted:uma bê (Portuguese:uma vez; English: once).[7]The Portuguese⟨j⟩,⟨ge⟩ and⟨gi⟩, usually pronounced as[ʒ], are pronounced as[x].
The⟨l⟩ and⟨r⟩ in the end of the words are not pronounced:Manué (Manuel),olivá (Spanish:olivar).[7] But they appear again in the plural form:olivareh (olivares). If the⟨l⟩ is at the end of a syllable it turns into⟨r⟩:argo (Portuguese/Spanish:algo). This is due to the influence of Andalusian and Extremaduran Spanish. Like in Spanish, and also some monolingual dialects of Portuguese, there is no differentiation between⟨b⟩ and⟨v⟩,[6] both are pronounced as either[b] or[β]. Just as in Extremaduran and some southern dialects of Portuguese, the -e suffix at the end of a word (for examplepobre) is pronounced[i], as opposed to[ɨ] in standard European Portuguese or[e] in Spanish.[7]
The Portuguese form of the first person of the plural,nós, is replaced bynusotrus - a variation of the Spanishnosotros. The placing of the pronouns is closer to the Spanish norm than to the Portuguese:se lavô (Portuguese:lavou-se; Spanish:se lavó; English: was washed).
It also contains many verbal forms of clearly Spanish conjugation:andubi (Portuguese:andei, Spanish:anduve);supimos (Portuguese:soubemos; Spanish:supimos).
Barranquenho uses Portuguese definite and indefinite articles likeo, a, os, as. It prefers the Spanish diminutive-ito to the Portuguese-inho, and it typically uses the present subjunctive for future reference, as inquando eli benha 'when he comes'.[7]
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On 26 November 2021, theParliament of Portugal unanimously voted for the approval of a resolution through which Barranquenho was recognized and protected in the municipality.[8]
In March 2024 three lessons were held in the language in a writing workshop of theBarrancos School Group.[9]
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