Turco-Mongolian aristocratic tribal confederation clan
TheBarlas (Mongolian :Barulās ;[ 1] Chagatai Turkic /Persian :برلاس Barlās ; alsoBerlās ) were aMongol [ 1] [ 2] [ 3] [ 4] [ 5] Turkified [ 6] [ 7] Central Asia , forming a nomadicconfederation . They were a sub-clan of theBorjigin ,[ 8] [ 9] Khamag Mongol confederation in present-dayMongolia in the early to mid-12th century,[ 10] Mongol Empire’s Kheshig guard.[ 11] [ 12] Timurid Empire in Central Asia andPersia ; and its later branch, theMughal Empire in theIndian subcontinent .[ 13] [ 14]
Portrait ofTimur , a member of the Barlas. Painted in 1405–1409.[ 15] According to theSecret History of the Mongols Ögedei Khan [r. 1229–1241]) and historianRashid al-Din Hamadani (1247–1318) who wrote theJami' al-tawarikh [ 16] Khiyad Borjigin ,[ 17] [ 18] [ 19] Khaidu Khan . He also noted that the Barlas' relationship with the imperial Mongol ruling clan was through a common ancestry viaTumbinai Khan , who was bothTimur andGenghis Khan 's ancestor.[ 20] [ 21] [ 22] [ 23] Mongol clans . The progenitor of the Barlas clan isQachuli , who founded the tribe inKhamag Mongol inNorthern Mongolia ;[ 24] [ 25] [ 26] [ 27] Tumanay Setsen or Tumbinai Khan (the chief of theBorjigin ), as well as the twin brother ofQabul Khan , the founder and first ruler of the Khamag Mongol Confederations.[ 28] [ 29] [ 30] Qarachar Barlas , a minister (Noyan Tumen Mongol Invasions of Central Asia , he migrated and established new settlements in the regions ofCentral asia andTransoxiana .[ 31] [ 32] [ 33] Darughachi Chagatai Khan .[ 34] [ 35] [ 36] [ 37]
The Barlas controlled the region ofKish (modern dayShahrisabz ,Uzbekistan ) and all of its lineages seem to have been associated with this region.[ 38] nomadic , the Barlas were asedentary due to there military and aristrocratic natures and status of tribe.[ 39] [ 40] Central Asia , the tribe had adopted the religion ofIslam and leaving there forefathersTengrism ,[ 7] [ 41] [ 42] Mongol speaker they adopted theChagatai language , aTurkic language of theQarluq branch , which was heavily influenced byArabic andPersian .[ 43] [ 44] exogamous , but many marriages recorded were outside the tribe.[ 45] [ 46]
Timurids and Mughals [ edit ] Babur , founder of theMughal Empire .Late Shah Jahan Album , paintedc. 1640 .[ 47] Its most famous representatives were theTimurids , a dynasty founded by the conquerorTimur in the 14th century, who ruled over modern-dayIran ,Armenia ,Azerbaijan ,Georgia , and almost the entire rest of theCaucasus ,Afghanistan , much of Central Asia, as well as parts of contemporaryPakistan ,Mesopotamia , andAnatolia .[ 48] Babur , later founded theMughal Empire ofCentral Asia andSouth Asia .[ 49]
^a b Grupper, S. M. 'A Barulas Family Narrative in the Yuan Shih: Some Neglected Prosopographical and Institutional Sources on Timurid Origins'. Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 8 (1992–94): 11–97 ^ Chann, Naindeep Singh (2008)."Intellectual Movements during Timuri and Safavid Periods (1500-1700 A.D.)" Iran and the Caucasus .12 (2):413– 415.doi :10.1163/157338408x406182 .ISSN 1609-8498 . ^ Anooshahr, Ali (2018-04-19)."Mongols in the Tarikh-i Rashidi" Oxford Scholarship Online .doi :10.1093/oso/9780190693565.003.0006 . ^ Rührdanz, Karin (2016-01-01),"8 From the Mongols to the Timurids: Refinement and Attrition in Persian Painting" ,The Mongols' Middle East , BRILL, pp. 172– 192,ISBN 978-90-04-31199-2 , retrieved2025-06-07 {{citation }}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link )^ B.F. Manz,The rise and rule of Tamerlan ,Cambridge University Press , Cambridge 1989, p. 28:"... We know definitely that the leading clan of the Barlas tribe traced its origin to Qarachar Barlas, head of one of Chaghadai's regiments ... These then were the most prominent members of the Ulus Chaghadai: the old Mongolian tribes — Barlas, Arlat, Soldus and Jalayir ..." ^ Timur and the Timurids, Svat Soucek, Princeton University, New Jersey, Publisher Cambridge University Press . p. Timur was born around 1336 in Transoxania near Kesh – later known as Shahrisabz – in the Kashka Darya region of what is today the Republic of Uzbekistan. He was a Turk of the Barlas tribe; this tribe, like many others, boasted a Mongol name and ancestry, but for all practical purposes it was Turkic.^a b M.S. Asimov &C. E. Bosworth ,History of Civilizations of Central Asia ,UNESCO Regional Office, 1998,ISBN 92-3-103467-7 "... One of his followers was [...] Timur of the Barlas tribe. This Mongol tribe had settled [...] in the valley of Kashka Darya, intermingling with the Turkish population, adopting their religion (Islam) and gradually giving up its own nomadic ways, like a number of other Mongol tribes in Transoxania ..." ^ G.R. Garthwaite,"The Persians" , Malden,ISBN 978-1-55786-860-2 p.148 ) ^ "Family tree of major Timurid princes" ,Power, Politics and Religion in Timurid Iran , Cambridge University Press, pp. xviii– xviii, 2007-03-01,ISBN 978-0-521-86547-0 , retrieved2025-05-07 {{citation }}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link )^ "Part Two: The Secret History of the Mongols Index" ,Index to the Secret History of the Mongols , De Gruyter Mouton, pp. 175– 344, 1972-12-31, retrieved2025-05-07 ^ Saunders, J. J. (2023-07-07),"The Turkish rehearsal for the Mongol conquests" ,The History of the Mongol Conquests , London: Routledge, pp. 16– 29,ISBN 978-1-003-40809-3 , retrieved2025-05-07 {{citation }}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link )^ Grupper, S. M. 'A Barulas Family Narrative in the Yuan Shih: Some Neglected Prosopographical and Institutional Sources on Timurid Origins'. Archivum Eurasiae Medii Aevi 8 (1992–94): 11–97 ^ Gérard Chaliand,A Global History of War: From Assyria to the Twenty-First Century ,University of California Press , California 2014, p. 151 ^ Lee, Joo-Yup (2019-12-23),"Turkic Identity in Mongol and Post-Mongol Central Asia and the Qipchaq Steppe" ,Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History , Oxford University Press,ISBN 978-0-19-027772-7 , retrieved2025-05-07 {{citation }}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link )^ Droese, Janine; Karolewski, Janina (4 December 2023).Manuscript Albums and their Cultural Contexts: Collectors, Objects, and Practices ISBN 978-3-11-132146-2 To the best of my knowledge, the earliest portrait of Timur can be found in a genealogical scroll (Istanbul, Topkapı Palace Museum, H. 2152, fols 32-43"), produced shortly after his death in Samarqand (probably under the reign of Khalil Sultan, r. 1405-1409) ^ Kamola, Stefan (2019-09-01).Making Mongol History ISBN 978-1-4744-2142-3 ^ "Part Two: The Secret History of the Mongols Index" ,Index to the Secret History of the Mongols , De Gruyter Mouton, pp. 175– 344, 1972-12-31, retrieved2025-06-03 ^ Rührdanz, Karin (2016-01-01),"8 From the Mongols to the Timurids: Refinement and Attrition in Persian Painting" ,The Mongols' Middle East , BRILL, pp. 172– 192,ISBN 978-90-04-31199-2 , retrieved2025-06-08 {{citation }}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link )^ Kamola, Stefan (2019-09-01).Making Mongol History ISBN 978-1-4744-2142-3 ^ The Secret History of the Mongols , transl. by I. De Rachewiltz,Chapter I Archived February 23, 2007, at theWayback Machine .^ Kamola, Stefan (2019-09-01).Making Mongol History ISBN 978-1-4744-2142-3 ^ Joshi, Harit (2020),"Akbarnama" ,Encyclopédie des historiographies : Afriques, Amériques, Asies , Presses de l’Inalco, pp. 41– 43,ISBN 978-2-85831-344-0 , retrieved2025-06-10 {{citation }}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link )^ Melville, Charles (2021-10-11),"On Some Manuscripts of Hatifi's Timurnama" ,Exploring Written Artefacts , De Gruyter, pp. 1123– 1146,ISBN 978-3-11-075330-1 , retrieved2025-06-10 {{citation }}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link )^ "Part Two: The Secret History of the Mongols Index" ,Index to the Secret History of the Mongols , De Gruyter Mouton, pp. 175– 344, 1972-12-31, retrieved2025-06-03 ^ Rührdanz, Karin (2016-01-01),"8 From the Mongols to the Timurids: Refinement and Attrition in Persian Painting" ,The Mongols' Middle East , BRILL, pp. 172– 192,ISBN 978-90-04-31199-2 , retrieved2025-06-08 {{citation }}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link )^ Chann, Naindeep Singh (2008)."Intellectual Movements during Timuri and Safavid Periods (1500-1700 A.D.)" Iran and the Caucasus .12 (2):413– 415.doi :10.1163/157338408x406182 .ISSN 1609-8498 . ^ Kamola, Stefan (2019-09-01).Making Mongol History ISBN 978-1-4744-2142-3 ^ Kamola, Stefan (2019-09-01).Making Mongol History ISBN 978-1-4744-2142-3 ^ Chann, Naindeep Singh (2008)."Intellectual Movements during Timuri and Safavid Periods (1500-1700 A.D.)" Iran and the Caucasus .12 (2):413– 415.doi :10.1163/157338408x406182 .ISSN 1609-8498 . ^ Rührdanz, Karin (2016-01-01),"8 From the Mongols to the Timurids: Refinement and Attrition in Persian Painting" ,The Mongols' Middle East , BRILL, pp. 172– 192,ISBN 978-90-04-31199-2 , retrieved2025-06-08 {{citation }}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link )^ Kamola, Stefan (2019-09-01).Making Mongol History ISBN 978-1-4744-2142-3 ^ Chann, Naindeep Singh (2008)."Intellectual Movements during Timuri and Safavid Periods (1500-1700 A.D.)" Iran and the Caucasus .12 (2):413– 415.doi :10.1163/157338408x406182 .ISSN 1609-8498 . ^ Rührdanz, Karin (2016-01-01),"8 From the Mongols to the Timurids: Refinement and Attrition in Persian Painting" ,The Mongols' Middle East , BRILL, pp. 172– 192,ISBN 978-90-04-31199-2 , retrieved2025-06-08 {{citation }}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link )^ "Part One: The Secret History of the Mongols Text" ,Index to the Secret History of the Mongols , De Gruyter Mouton, pp. 11– 174, 1972-12-31, retrieved2025-06-08 ^ Rührdanz, Karin (2016-01-01),"8 From the Mongols to the Timurids: Refinement and Attrition in Persian Painting" ,The Mongols' Middle East , BRILL, pp. 172– 192,ISBN 978-90-04-31199-2 , retrieved2025-06-08 {{citation }}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link )^ Chann, Naindeep Singh (2008)."Intellectual Movements during Timuri and Safavid Periods (1500-1700 A.D.)" Iran and the Caucasus .12 (2):413– 415.doi :10.1163/157338408x406182 .ISSN 1609-8498 . ^ Kamola, Stefan (2019-09-01).Making Mongol History ISBN 978-1-4744-2142-3 ^ B.F. Manz,The rise and rule of Tamerlan ,Cambridge University Press , Cambridge 1989, p. 156–7 ^ Gérard Chaliand,A Global History of War: From Assyria to the Twenty-First Century ,University of California Press , California 2014, p. 151 ^ Kamola, Stefan (2019-09-01).Making Mongol History ISBN 978-1-4744-2142-3 ^ Rührdanz, Karin (2016-01-01),"8 From the Mongols to the Timurids: Refinement and Attrition in Persian Painting" ,The Mongols' Middle East , BRILL, pp. 172– 192,ISBN 978-90-04-31199-2 , retrieved2025-06-08 {{citation }}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link )^ Kamola, Stefan (2019-09-01).Making Mongol History ISBN 978-1-4744-2142-3 ^ G. Doerfer, "Chaghatay Encyclopædia Iranica , Online Edition 2007. ^ Rührdanz, Karin (2016-01-01),"8 From the Mongols to the Timurids: Refinement and Attrition in Persian Painting" ,The Mongols' Middle East , BRILL, pp. 172– 192,ISBN 978-90-04-31199-2 , retrieved2025-06-08 {{citation }}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link )^ B.F. Manz,The rise and rule of Tamerlan ,Cambridge University Press , Cambridge 1989, p. 157 ^ Rührdanz, Karin (2016-01-01),"8 From the Mongols to the Timurids: Refinement and Attrition in Persian Painting" ,The Mongols' Middle East , BRILL, pp. 172– 192,ISBN 978-90-04-31199-2 , retrieved2025-06-08 {{citation }}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link )^ "Babur and Humayun with Courtiers, from the Late Shah Jahan Album" .Smithsonian's National Museum of Asian Art .The first Mughal emperor, Babur, who reigned from 1526 to 1530, is shown seated on the right with his son and successor, Humayun. ^ René Grousset,The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia , Rutgers University Press, 1988.ISBN 0-8135-0627-1 p.409 ) ^ "Ẓahīr-al-Dīn Moḥammad Bābor" atEncyclopædia Iranica
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