Barbuise is located some 45 km north-west ofTroyes and 20 km east ofProvins. Access to the commune is by the D40 fromLa Villeneuve-au-Châtelot in the east which passes through the heart of the commune south of the village and continues west then south-west to join the D40A toChalautre-la-Grande. The D52 comes fromVillenauxe-la-Grande in the north and passes through the village before continuing south-east toPont-sur-Seine. The D97 goes north-west from the village toMontpothier. The D174 branches off the D97 west of the village and goes north toPlessis-Barbuise. The D197 connects the D40 and the D97 in the west of the commune. The commune is almost all farmland with many lakes occupying a significant area of land in a belt across the commune and in the south-east.[4][5]
TheCanal de Courtavant crosses the south-east of the commune from south-west to north-east. TheNoxe river flows from the north passing near the village and joins the canal. TheCanal de Soulaunoy joins the Noxe south-west of the village.[4]