Barbara Lee
Official portrait, 2025
52ndMayor of Oakland
Incumbent
Assumed office May 20, 2025
Preceded by	Kevin Jenkins (acting)
Member of theU.S. House of Representatives fromCalifornia
In office April 21, 1998 – January 3, 2025
Preceded by	Ron Dellums
Succeeded by	Lateefah Simon
Constituency	9th district (1998–2013) 13th district (2013–2023) 12th district (2023–2025)
House positions Chair of theCongressional Black Caucus In office January 3, 2009 – January 3, 2011 Preceded by Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick Succeeded by Emanuel Cleaver Chair of theCongressional Progressive Caucus In office January 3, 2005 – January 3, 2009 Serving with Lynn Woolsey Preceded by Peter DeFazio Succeeded by Raúl Grijalva
Member of theCalifornia State Senate from the9th district
In office December 2, 1996 – April 17, 1998
Preceded by	Nicholas Petris
Succeeded by	Don Perata
Member of theCalifornia State Assembly
In office December 3, 1990 – November 30, 1996
Preceded by	Elihu Harris
Succeeded by	Don Perata
Constituency	13th district (1990–1992) 16th district (1992–1996)
Personal details
Born	Barbara Jean Tutt (1946-07-16)July 16, 1946 (age 79) El Paso, Texas, U.S.
Political party	Democratic
Spouses	Carl Lee ​ ​ (m. 1964; div. 1966)​ Clyde Oden ​ (m. 2019)​
Children	2
Education	Mills College (BA) University of California, Berkeley (MSW)
Website	Campaign website
Lee's voice Lee opposingmilitary force against Afghanistan. Recorded September 14, 2001

Barbara Jean Lee (née Tutt; born July 16, 1946) is an American politician who has served as the 52ndmayor of Oakland since 2025. A member of theDemocratic Party, Lee previously served as aU.S. representative fromCalifornia from 1998 to 2025, representingCalifornia's 12th congressional district (numbered as the9th district from 1998 to 2013 and as the13th district from 2013 to 2023). She also served in both houses of theCalifornia State Legislature from 1990 to 1998.

Born and raised inTexas, Lee was educated atMills College and theUniversity of California, Berkeley. She started her career by working on the presidential campaign ofShirley Chisholm and was later involved with theBlack Panther Party. After working as chief of staff for U.S. RepresentativeRon Dellums, Lee served in theCalifornia State Assembly from 1990 to 1996 and in theCalifornia State Senate from 1996 to 1998.

Lee was elected to theHouse of Representatives in a1998 special election to succeed Dellums. Her district was based inOakland and covered most of the northern part ofAlameda County; with aCook Partisan Voting Index rating of D+40, it was one of the most Democratic districts in the country.^[1] A notedprogressive, she chaired theCongressional Progressive Caucus from 2005 to 2009 and theCongressional Black Caucus from 2009 to 2011.^[2] She was also founding member of theCongressional LGBTQ+ Equality Caucus and co-chaired theHouse Democratic Steering Committee and theCongressional Cannabis Caucus.^[3] She is known for playing a major role in theantiwar movement throughout her time in Congress—most notably in her vocal criticism of theIraq War and for being the only member of Congress to vote against theauthorization of use of force following theSeptember 11 attacks—and for her work with PresidentGeorge W. Bush to curb the spread ofHIV/AIDS through the creation of thePresident's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief.^[4][5][6]

In 2024, Lee chose not to pursue re-election in the House and insteadran for Senate to succeedDianne Feinstein.^[7] Lee lost in thejungle primary to RepublicanSteve Garvey and fellow Democratic Rep.Adam Schiff, who won the seat in the general election. After leaving Congress, Lee announced her campaign formayor of Oakland in the2025 special election triggered by therecall of Sheng Thao and defeated former city councilmemberLoren Taylor.^[8] She was sworn in on May 20, 2025, becoming the first Black woman to serve as mayor of Oakland.^[9]

Lee was born Barbara Jean Tutt on July 16, 1946, inEl Paso, Texas. She is the oldest of three daughters of Mildred Adaire (née Parish; 1924–2015) and Garvin Alexander Tutt (1924–2007), a lieutenant colonel in theUnited States Army.^[10] When she was born in asegregated hospital, her mother was left in the hallway, as the hospital refused to assist her.^[11] Lee isAfrican American; according to aDNA analysis, she descends primarily from the people ofGuinea-Bissau andSierra Leone.^[12][13] She was raisedCatholic and attended Catholic schools, where she was taught by theSisters of Loretto.^[14][15] She was the only African-AmericanGirl Scout in El Paso, and she recalls having facedracial discrimination throughout her childhood.^[16]

Lee's parents divorced in 1955.^[17] Five years later, she moved toCalifornia with her mother and two sisters. She attendedSan Fernando High School in thePacoima neighborhood ofLos Angeles, where she worked with theNAACP to become the school's first African-American cheerleader, and she graduated in 1964.^[18][19] When she was 15, Lee had aback-alley abortion inCiudad Juárez.^[20] She married Carl Lee, a member of theUnited States Air Force, and moved with him toEngland after high school; they had two children, and then divorced when Lee was 20.^[21][22] After the birth of her first child in 1966, Lee returned to California's San Fernando Valley.^[21] Lee describes the marriage as abusive, and she became homeless following the divorce.^[23]

She later moved to theBay Area and attendedMills College, where she served as president of the college's Black Student Union, and she graduated in 1973 with abachelor of arts inpsychology.^[24] She later attended theUniversity of California, Berkeley, from where she graduated in 1975 with amaster of social work.^[25] Throughout college, Lee was a single mother of two on public assistance and food stamps, and she often took her children to class because she was unable to afford child care.^[26]

Lee worked for theGlendale Welfare Council and later as a statistical clerk for the California Department of Labor Statistics.^[21][27] As president of the Mills College Black Student Union, Lee invited RepresentativeShirley Chisholm to speak on campus. She was inspired to register to vote by Chisholm's visit, and she went on to work on Chisholm's 1972 presidential campaign, serving as one of her delegates at the1972 Democratic National Convention.^[28] Lee later said Chisholm was a mentor who inspired her to run for office.^[29] Also while a student, Lee volunteered at theOakland chapter of theBlack Panther Party's Community Learning Center and worked on Black Panther co-founderBobby Seale's 1973 campaign formayor of Oakland.^[30] Lee was surveilled by theFederal Bureau of Investigation due to her involvement with the Black Panthers.^[22]

As a graduate student, Lee founded the Community Health Alliance for Neighborhood Growth and Education (CHANGE), a community-based mental health clinic.^[31] She was later offered an internship in the office of RepresentativeRon Dellums, who represented an Oakland-based district. Following the internship, she took a full-time job in Dellums's office and eventually became his chief of staff.^[32] Lee was one of the only African Americans and women to hold a senior staff position onCapitol Hill.^[33] After leaving Dellums's office in 1987, she returned to the Bay Area and founded a facilities-management company.^[34]

Lee was elected to theCalifornia State Assembly in 1990 to succeedElihu Harris, who retired to successfully run formayor of Oakland. She served three terms in the Assembly, and she was elected to theCalifornia State Senate in 1996. She resigned her seat in the State Senate after winning aspecial election to theU.S. House of Representatives in 1998.

Lee was the first African-American woman to representNorthern California in theCalifornia State Legislature.^[33] During her time in the Legislature, she authored 67 bills that were signed into law by then-GovernorPete Wilson, aRepublican; among those bills were the California Schools Hate Crimes Prevention Act and the California Violence Against Women Act.^[35] Lee also worked to defeat California'sthree-strikes law and was an early champion ofLGBTQ+ rights.^[36]

Lee was a member of the California Commission on the Status of Women and founded the California Commission on the Status of African American Males.^[33]

After Dellums resigned from the U.S. House of Representatives in 1998, Lee successfully ran in the special election to succeed him, winning 66% of the vote. She was elected to a full termlater that year, winning 83% of the vote. She was re-elected to the House of Representatives 12 more times.

In lieu of running for a 14th term, Lee campaigned to succeedDianne Feinstein in theUnited States Senate in2024.^[37]

Lee originally representedCalifornia's 9th congressional district, from which she served until 2013. She later represented the13th district from 2013 to 2023, and she represented the12th district from 2023 until 2025. Her district was located inAlameda County and includes the cities ofOakland,Berkeley,Emeryville,Alameda,Albany,Piedmont,San Leandro, and most ofSan Lorenzo. TheCook Partisan Voting Index gives her district a rating of D+40, making it one of the mostDemocratic districts in the nation.^[1]

Lee's voting record as a member of Congress was ranked by theNational Journal in 2007, based on roll-call votes on economic, social and foreign policy issues in 2006. Lee scored an overall 84.3%, meaning that she voted with a moreliberal stance than 84.3% of the House.National Journal scored Lee as voting 82% liberal on economic issues, 92% liberal on social issues, and 65% liberal on foreign policy. The 92% rating on social issues came from Lee being grouped with 35 other House legislators who all tied for the highest, most liberal ranking.^[38] Lee received a 97%progressive rating from "The Progressive Punch"^[39] and a 4%conservative rating from theAmerican Conservative Union.^[40] In 2016,GovTrack's 2015 Report Card on members in Congress ranked Lee the 3rd most progressive member of the House.^[41]

Lee endorsedBarack Obama in the2008 Democratic presidential primaries.^[42] In February 2019, she endorsedKamala Harris in the2020 Democratic presidential primaries.^[43]

By January 3, 2023, Lee had voted in line with PresidentJoe Biden's stated position 99.1% of the time.^[44]

Lee gained national attention in 2001 as the only member of Congress to vote against theAuthorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists (AUMF), stating that she voted no not because she opposed military action but because she believed the AUMF, as written, granted the president overly broad powers to wage war at a time when the facts regarding the situation were not yet clear. She "warned her colleagues to be 'careful not to embark on an open-ended war with neither an exit strategy nor a focused target'".^[45] Lee has said:

It was a blank check to the president to attack anyone involved in theSeptember 11 events—anywhere, in any country, without regard to our nation's long-term foreign policy, economic and national security interests, and without time limit. In granting these overly broad powers, the Congress failed its responsibility to understand the dimensions of its declaration. I could not support such a grant of war-making authority to the president; I believe it would put more innocent lives at risk. The president has the constitutional authority to protect the nation from further attack, and he has mobilized the armed forces to do just that. The Congress should have waited for the facts to be presented and then acted with fuller knowledge of the consequences of our action.^[46]

Her vote made national news and a large and extremely polarized response, with the volume of calls gridlocking the switchboard of her Capitol Hill office. Although it appears to have reflected the beliefs of the majority of her constituents, the majority of responses from elsewhere in the nation were angry and hostile, some calling her "communist" and a "traitor". Many of the responses included death threats against her or her family to the point that theCapitol Police provided round-the-clock plainclothes bodyguards.^[46] Lee was also criticized by politicians and in editorial pages of conservative-leaning newspapers, such asJohn Fund's column inThe Wall Street Journal.^[47] In 2002, she received the Seán MacBride Peace Prize from theInternational Peace Bureau for her vote.

In her speech, she quotedNathan D. Baxter, dean of theWashington National Cathedral: "As we act, let us not become the evil that we deplore."^[48]

On June 29, 2017, the House Appropriations Committee approved Lee's amendment to repeal the 2001 AUMF that was the foundation of the United States' post-September 11 military actions. The amendment, if passed, would have required that the AUMF be scrapped within 240 days.^[49] In June 2021, Lee sponsored a bipartisan bill in the House to repeal the AUMF, which passed 268–161.^[50] The bill was never put to a vote in the Senate.

Considered aprogressive Democrat, Lee has occasionally split with members of her party throughout her career, especially on foreign policy.^{[citation needed]} Prior to voting against the Authorization for Use of Military Force in 2001, she joined four other representatives in voting against the resolution to authorizeOperation Desert Fox inIraq in 1998, and later voted against US participation in theNATO bombing of Yugoslavia in 1999.^[51][52]

In an August 2017 interview, Lee said of PresidentDonald Trump's comments onNorth Korea, "His saber-rattling is putting the world at risk. The United States should be the grown-up in the room", and that his rhetoric reminded her of news about theCuban Missile Crisis during her mid-teens, adding, "the words of war weren't as profound and dangerous and scary [then] as they are now."^[53]

In September 2018, Lee was one of 11 House Democrats to sign a statement announcing their intent "to introduce a new, privileged resolution in September invoking the War Powers Resolution of 1973 to withdraw U.S. Armed Forces from engaging in theSaudi-led coalition's conflict with the Houthis should additional escalations continue and progress fail to be made towards a peace agreement."^[54]

In April 2019, after the House passed the resolution withdrawing American support for theSaudi-led coalition inYemen, Lee was one of nine lawmakers to sign a letter to Trump requesting a meeting with him and urging him to sign "Senate Joint Resolution 7, which invokes theWar Powers Act of 1973 to end unauthorized US military participation in the Saudi-led coalition's armed conflict against Yemen'sHouthi forces, initiated in 2015 by theObama administration." They asserted the "Saudi-led coalition's imposition of an air-land-and-sea blockade as part of its war against Yemen's Houthis has continued to prevent the unimpeded distribution of these vital commodities, contributing to the suffering and death of vast numbers of civilians throughout the country" and that Trump's approval of the resolution would send a "powerful signal to the Saudi-led coalition to bring the four-year-old war to a close".^[55]

In October 2020, Lee co-signed a letter to Secretary of StateMike Pompeo condemningAzerbaijan'soffensive operations against theArmenian-populated enclave ofNagorno-Karabakh.^[56]

In April 2021, Lee supported PresidentJoe Biden's plan towithdraw all U.S. troops from Afghanistan. In response to the news of the withdrawal, she stated "[w]e are finally doing the right thing, and we’re now on the cusp of ending the longest war in American history for good".^[57]

Lee has supported US aid to Ukraine duringits invasion by Russia and has voted in favor of all bills for aid to Ukraine, with a rationale to "preserve democracy" and "make sure that the United States is on the right side of history and provides the resources, the economic resources, the humanitarian resources, so that Ukrainian people can live in peace and in security."^[58] On July 6, 2023, PresidentJoe Biden authorized the provision ofcluster munitions toUkraine in support of aUkrainian counter-offensive against Russian forces in Russian-occupied southeastern Ukraine.^[59] Lee opposed the Biden administration's decision to supply cluster munitions to Ukraine.^[60]

Lee is a strong advocate for legislation restricting the availability of guns. She participated in the2016 sit-in against gun violence in the House of Representatives.^[61] Democratic members of Congress adopted the slogan "No Bill, No Break" in an attempt to push the introduction oflegislation increasing restrictions on guns.^[61] In a statement on the sit-in, Lee said:^[62]

Time and again, House Republicans have blocked our ability to keep Americans safe by preventing us from passing common sense gun reforms, including closing a glaring loophole that allows suspected terrorists to purchase weapons of war. These weapons of war, some of which can fire 900 rounds per minute, have no place on America's streets. We simply cannot allow this insanity. My constituents and people from all over the nation have been demanding action, but they are being ignored by the House's Republican leadership. Too many people have already been lost to senseless gun violence. Enough is enough; Congress must act to protect the lives of Americans.

Lee introduced the Women and Climate Change Act in February 2018. The bill aims to create a Federal Interagency Working Group on Women and Climate Change.^[63] Lee said of the bill, "Climate change is already impacting communities around the world with a disproportionate effect on the world's poorest residents. Women make up the majority of the world's poor and are especially vulnerable to abrupt changes in the environment. As leaders in their families, women are called upon to find food and clean water, secure safe housing, and care for loved ones. As climate change worsens, provoking historic droughts,rising sea levels and violent storms, women and girls will bear the brunt of this global crisis".^[64]

Lee is the author of the Shirley A. Chisholm United States−Caribbean Educational Exchange Act, which would enhance U.S. foreign relations withCARICOM nations. This act directs theUnited States Agency for International Development (USAID) to develop a comprehensive program that extends and expands existing primary and secondary school initiatives in the Caribbean to provide teacher training methods and increased community involvement in school activities.^[65] The bill is named forShirley Chisholm, who helped inspire Lee to become involved in politics when Chisholm ran for theDemocratic nomination for president; Lee was the Chisholm campaign's Northern California chair.

In 1968, Lee began volunteering at theBlack Panther Party's Community Learning Center in Oakland.^[66] She also worked onBobby Seale's 1973 campaign formayor of Oakland.

Lee disagreed with theNational Park Service removing funding for a Black Panther Legacy Project in 2017. She released a statement saying, "It is outrageous that the National Park Service has stripped resources from the Black Panther Party Research, Interpretation & Memory Project. The Black Panther Party was an integral part of thecivil rights movement and the public has a right to know their history. I call upon the National Park Service and theDepartment of [the] Interior to provide a full explanation as to why these critical federal resources have been taken away".^[67]

Lee has supported a number of efforts to reformcannabis laws in Congress. In 2018, she introduced theMarijuana Justice Act to remove cannabis from theControlled Substances Act, penalize states that enforcecannabis laws disproportionately (regarding race or income status), and enact other social justice-related reforms.^[68] Additional legislation Lee has introduced includes the States' Medical Marijuana Property Rights Protection Act,^[69] the Veterans Medical Marijuana Safe Harbor Act,^[70] the Restraining Excessive Federal Enforcement & Regulations of Cannabis (REFER) Act,^[71] and the Realizing Equitable & Sustainable Participation in Emerging Cannabis Trades (RESPECT) Resolution.^[71] Lee was an original cosponsor of theEnding Federal Marijuana Prohibition Act when it was first introduced in 2011.^[72] In January 2019, she was named a co-chair of theCongressional Cannabis Caucus.^[73]

In 2001, Lee and other House members objected to countingFlorida's electoral votes in the2000 presidential election after a contentiousrecount. Because no senator joined their objection, it was dismissed by Vice PresidentAl Gore, who lost the election toGeorge W. Bush.^[74]

After the2016 presidential election, Lee objected toMichigan's andWest Virginia's electoral votes. Because no senator joined her objections, they were dismissed.^[75]Donald Trump won Michigan by slightly over 10,000 votes and West Virginia by over 300,000 votes.^[76]

Lee called for a 10% cut to themilitary budget of the United States.^[77] She backed an amendment to reduce the size of the $740 billionNational Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, but a majority of Democrats and Republicans rejected it.^[78]

Lee has madeaffordable housing a top priority, particularly in theEast Bay. She has supported and backed legislation meant to expand home ownership opportunities, improve public housing quality, and assist the homeless.^[79]

Lee was strongly critical of theStupak–Pitts Amendment, which places restrictions onhealth insurance plans providing coverage forabortions in the context of theAffordable Health Care for America Act.^[80] She supportsMedicare for All.^[81]

Lee ispro-choice. During a September 30, 2021, hearing of theHouse Oversight Committee, she recounted having to travel toMexico for a back-alley abortion in the 1960s: "I'm sharing my story even though I truly believe it is personal and really nobody's business— and certainly not the business of politicians. But I'm compelled to speak out because of the real risks of the clock being turned back to those days beforeRoe v. Wade."^[82][83] Lee opposed the 2022overturning ofRoe, which she called an "attack on reproductive freedom" and blamed on a "decades-long coordinated strategic assault on women's rights by right-wing extremists".^[84]

In 2002, Lee's opposition to thedeath penalty was recognized byDeath Penalty Focus, which gave her theMario Cuomo Act of Courage Award.^[85]

In March 2018, Lee said, "I unequivocally condemn MinisterFarrakhan'santi-Semitic and hateful comments."^[86]

For the118th Congress:^[87]

• Committee on Appropriations
  • Subcommittee on Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies
  • Subcommittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies
  • Subcommittee on State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs (Ranking Member)
• Committee on the Budget

• House Democratic Steering Committee (co-chair)
• Medicare for All Caucus
• Task Force on Poverty and Opportunity (chair)
• Congressional Caucus on HIV/AIDS (co-chair)
• Congressional Out of Poverty Caucus (co-chair)
• Congressional Progressive Caucus^[88] (former co-chair and former whip)
• Congressional Black Caucus^[89] (former chair, 2008–2010)
• Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus^[90]
• Health Care Task Force
• Congressional Caucus on Global Road Safety
• United States Congressional International Conservation Caucus^[91]
• Congressional LGBTQ+ Equality Caucus (vice chair and founding member)
• Congressional Social Work Caucus (chair)
• Congressional Arts Caucus^[92]
• Congressional HIV/AIDS Caucus (co-founder and co-chair)
• Congressional Pro-Choice Caucus (co-chair)
• Afterschool Caucuses^[93]
• Congressional Cannabis Caucus^[94] (co-chair)
• Congressional Caucus for the Equal Rights Amendment^[95]
• Congressional Wildlife Refuge Caucus^[96]

On March 15, 2013, Lee announced the official relaunch of the Congressional Social Work Caucus to the113th Congress as its new chair.^[97]

Lee co-chaired theCongressional Progressive Caucus withLynn Woolsey from 2005 to 2009. She also chaired theCongressional Black Caucus from 2009 to 2011.^[2]

On November 28, 2018, Lee lost an attempt to become chair of the House Democratic Caucus toHakeem Jeffries.^[98]

On November 30, 2018, House Democratic leaderNancy Pelosi announced that she had recommended Lee to become one of three co-chairs of theHouse Democratic Steering and Policy Committee alongsideRosa DeLauro andEric Swalwell.^[99][100] The change was approved on December 11, 2018.^[101]

Lee was the United States representative to the68th,70th, and72nd sessions of theUnited Nations General Assembly.^[2]

In January 2023, it was reported that Lee planned to run in the 2024 election for the United States Senate seat held byDianne Feinstein, after she revealed her intentions to members of theCongressional Black Caucus.^[102] The report came a day after RepresentativeKatie Porter announced her own candidacy.^[102] A third Democrat,Adam Schiff, had also announced his candidacy. Lee formally launched her Senate campaign in Oakland on February 21, 2023.^[7] On September 29, 2023, Feinstein died while serving in office. Governor Gavin Newsom appointedLaphonza Butler to serve out the remainder of the term.^[103] On March 5, 2024, Lee failed to advance to the November general election after finishing fourth in thejungle primary.^{[104][105][106]} With at least 99% of votes counted, Lee trailed Schiff and Garvey by close to 1.6 million votes, and Porter by about 400,000 votes, with Lee failing to lead in any county.^[107][108] As Lee did not seek re-election to her House of Representatives seat, the defeat also ensured the end of her career in Congress by January 2025.^[106]

Following the2024 Oakland mayoral recall election, Lee announced that she would run formayor of Oakland in the2025 Oakland mayoral special election on January 8, 2025.^[109] The election was held on April 15, and Lee is one of 10 candidates appeared on the ballot in the mayoral race.^[110] Initial results showedLoren Taylor earning over 51% percent of the vote in the second ballot. However, multiple media and news organizations called the race for Lee on April 18, three days after the election.

Lee was sworn in during an Oakland City Council meeting on May 20, 2025. She is the first Black woman to serve as mayor of Oakland.^[9][111]

As mayor, Lee publicly endorsed State SenatorScott Wiener'sAbundant and Affordable Homes Near Transit Act, which would legalize multi-family housing near all transit stations statewide if passed.^[112]

Lee married Carl Lee after graduating high school in 1964. She described the marriage as abusive, and she divorced her husband when she was 20.^[113][114] The marriage produced two children, Tony and Craig, whom she raised as a single mother.^[115] Both of Lee's sons now work in the insurance industry: Tony Lee is the CEO of Dickerson Employee Benefits, an African-American owned insurance brokerage and consulting firm, and Craig Lee is a senior executive atState Farm.^[116]

Lee married Rev. Dr. Clyde Oden Jr., a retired pastor fromOxnard, onNew Year's Eve in 2019.^[117] They live together in Oakland.^[118]

In 2002, the Peace Abbey in Boston gave Lee the Courage of Conscience Award for her vote against the call to war after theSeptember 11 attacks.^[119] In her speech, she said, "let us not become the evil that we deplore."^[120]

In 2003, Lee was recognized as a Woman of Peace at theGlobal Exchange Human Rights Awards inSan Francisco withBianca Jagger,Arundhati Roy andKathy Kelly.^[116] In 2010, Lee took thefood stamp challenge and also appeared in the documentary filmFood Stamped.^[116]

In 2014, Lee,Hill Harper, andMeagan Good contributed toEnitan Bereola II's bestselling bookGentlewoman: Etiquette for a Lady, from a Gentleman.^[121]

In 2015, Lee won the 43rdThomas Merton Award.^[122]

Lee is an honorary member ofSigma Gamma Rho.^[123]

• Why lack of diversity in our foreign policy workforce is a problem for diplomacy,The Hill, February 29, 2024^[161]

• Abby Ginzberg, director and producer of the documentaryTruth to Power: Barbara Lee Speaks for Me
• Jeannette Rankin, the only member of Congress to vote against American entry into World War II
• Shirley Chisholm, the first African-American woman to be elected to Congress and run for the Democratic presidential nomination
• List of African-American United States representatives
• List of African-American United States Senate candidates
• Women in the United States House of Representatives

• "Text of Barbara Lee's dissent against the war in Afghanistan on the House Floor". Archived fromthe original on September 23, 2005. RetrievedAugust 12, 2005. September 15, 2001
• Alone on the HillMother Jones, September 20, 2001, interview with Barbara Lee
• Permanent Occupation Rep. Barbara Lee,In These Times, September 29, 2005
• A Progressive State of the Union Barbara Lee and Lynn Woolsey,In These Times, January 31, 2006
• Rep. Barbara Lee: Lone Lawmaker to Vote Against 2001 Authorization – video report byDemocracy Now!, October 7, 2009

• Oakland mayor's website
• Congresswoman Barbara Lee official U.S. House website
• Barbara Lee For Oakland, official post-Congress site.
• Appearances onC-SPAN

• Biography at theBiographical Directory of the United States Congress
• Financial information (federal office) at theFederal Election Commission
• Legislation sponsored at theLibrary of Congress
• Profile atVote Smart
• Inventory of the Barbara Lee Papers, African American Museum and Library at Oakland, Oakland Public Library.

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