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Baratarna

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
King of Mitanni
Parštatar
King ofMitanni
King ofMitanni
PredecessorFounder
SuccessorShaushtatar
Diedc. 1470 BC
A map of the Mitanni kingdom. This extent was likely reached during the reign of Barattarna

Barattarna, Parattarna, Paršatar, or Parshatatar is the first known King ofMitanni and is considered to have reigned, as permiddle chronology between c. 1510 and 1490 BC by J. A. Belmonte-Marin quoting H. Klengel.[1] He is also said to have ruled during the peak of Mitanni, and during its greatest extent.

Reign

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Very few records of him are known as sources from Mitanni are rare. Most information we have about the kingdom, especially its early history and kings come from records outside of the state.[2] Dates for the kings can be deduced by comparing thechronology of Mitanni and other states, especially ancient Egypt, at a later date and working back the figures.[3] Information is found in the biography ofIdrimi ofAlalakh (or Alalah, which became the capital ofAleppo[4]). Barattarna conquered the area and made Idrimi his vassal, Idrimi becoming king ofAleppo according to a treaty that also declaredPilliya, the king ofKizzuwatna, his vassal.[5][6]Mitanni in his time probably extended as far asArrapha in the east,Terqa in the south, and Kizzuwatna in the West.[7][8] Barattarna may have been[citation needed] the Mitannian king the Egyptian PharaohThutmosis I met at theEuphrates River in a campaign early in his reign (around 1493).[9]

Kizzuwatna

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Pilliya, the king ofKizzuwatna, apparently signed a treaty with Idrimi and became a vassal of the Mitanni Empire.[10] He is also known to have entered peace withZidanta II of Hatti.[11]

Death

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Information about his death is mentioned in a record fromNuzi dated to the death of king Barattarna, possibly around 1420, as per short chronology.[12]

Alternative views

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Several scholars disagree with the views as expressed above. For example, according to Eva von Dassow (2022), “Barattarna/Parattarna” and “Paršatar/Parshatatar” of Mitanni[13] are two different kings. Furthermore there are two kings named as “Barattarna/Parattarna”.[14]

In the chart accompanying her article (p.471), von Dassow gives the following sequence of the kings of Mitanni.

Parattarna I, Parsatatar, Saustatar, Saitarna, Parattarna II

In her chart, the start of Parattarna I’s rule is associated with Idrimi ofAlalakh, and the start of Saustatar’s rule is associated with his son Niqmepa.Additionally,Kingdom of Khana ruler atTerqa Qis-Addu is shown to have ruled at the time of three Mitanni kings, Saustatar, Saitarna, and Parattarna II.[15]

See also

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References

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  1. ^Belmonte-Marin, Juan Antonio, (2015)."Reflexiones sobre el territorio de Cárquemis durante el periodo mittanio", in Orientalística en tiempos de crísis, Pórtico, Zaragoza, p. 59.
  2. ^Van De Mieroop, Marc (2007).A History of the Ancient Near East c. 3000-323BC (2nd ed.). Malden, MA, USA: Blackwell Publishing. p. 150.ISBN 978-1-4051-4911-2.
  3. ^Van De Mieroop, 150.
  4. ^Bryce, Trevor (1999).The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford University. p. 126.ISBN 978-0-19-924010-4.
  5. ^Magnetti, Donald L. “The Function of the Oath in the Ancient Near Eastern International Treaty.” The American Journal of International Law, vol. 72, no. 4, 1978, pp. 815–29
  6. ^Beal, Richard H. “The History of Kizzuwatna and the Date of the Šunaššura Treaty.” Orientalia, vol. 55, no. 4, 1986, pp. 424–45
  7. ^HOUWINK TEN CATE, PHILO H. J.. "An alternative Date for the Sunassuras Treaty (KBo 1.5)" Altorientalische Forschungen, vol. 25, no. 1, 1998, pp. 34-53
  8. ^Van De Mieroop, 151.
  9. ^Bryce, 125
  10. ^Pritchard, James B.; Fleming, Daniel E. (2010).The Ancient Near East: An Anthology of Texts and Pictures.Princeton University Press. p. 210.ISBN 978-0-691-14726-0.
  11. ^CTH 25
  12. ^Grosz, Katarzyna (1988).The Archive of the Wullu Family. University of Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press. p. 11.ISBN 978-87-7289-040-1.
  13. ^As spelled in this Wikipedia article.
  14. ^Eva von Dassow 2022,Mittani and Its Empire. Pages 455–528, inFrom the Hyksos to the Late Second Millennium BC. Vol. 3 of The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East. Edited by Karen Radner et al. New York: Oxford University Press. p.471
  15. ^[1]Yamada, Shigeo, "An adoption contract from Tell Taban, the kings of the land of Hana, and the Hana-style scribal tradition", Revue d’assyriologie et d’archéologie orientale 105.1, pp. 61-84, 2011
Preceded byMitanni king
15th century BC		Succeeded by
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