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| Baranya County | |
|---|---|
| County of theKingdom of Hungary (1000-1541, 1699-1946) | |
.svg) Coat of arms | |
 | |
| Capital | Pécs |
| Area | |
| • Coordinates | 46°5′N18°14′E / 46.083°N 18.233°E /46.083; 18.233 |
• 1910 | 5,176 km2 (1,998 sq mi) |
• 1930 | 4,033 km2 (1,557 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• 1910 | 352,478 |
• 1930 | 311,660 |
| History | |
• Established | 1000 |
• Ottoman conquest | 1541 |
• County recreated | 1699 |
| 4 June 1920 | |
| 11 April 1941 | |
• Monarchy abolished | 1 February 1946 |
| Today part of | Hungary (4,033 km2) Croatia (1,143 km2) |
Baranya (Hungarian:Baranya,Croatian:Baranja,Serbian:Барања /Baranja,German:Branau) was an administrative county (comitatus) of theKingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now divided between present-dayBaranya County ofHungary andOsijek-Baranja County ofCroatia. The capital of the county wasPécs.
Baranya county was located inBaranya region. It shared borders with the Hungarian countiesSomogy,Tolna,Bács-Bodrog andVerőce (the latter county was part ofCroatia-Slavonia). The county stretched along the riversDrava (north bank) andDanube (west bank), up to their confluence. Its area was 5,176 km2 around 1910.
Baranya county arose as one of the first counties of the Kingdom of Hungary, in the 11th century.Stephen I of Hungary founded anepiscopal seat here. In the 15th century,Janus Pannonius was the Bishop of Pécs. In the 16th century, theOttoman Empire conquered Baranya, and included it in thesanjak of Mohács, an Ottoman administrative unit, with the seatTurks in Hungary in the city ofMohács.
At the end of the 17th century, Baranya was captured by theHabsburg monarchy, and was included in theHabsburg Kingdom of Hungary after theBattle of Mohács (1687).Under the Habsburg rule, German settlers were taken from different parts of Germany, the so-calledDanube Swabians.
TheStifolder orStiffoller Shvove are a Roman Catholic subgroup of the so-calledDanube Swabians. Their ancestors arrived ca. 1717–1804 from the Hochstift Fulda and surroundings, (Roman Catholic Diocese of Fulda), and settled in Baranya.[1] They held their own German dialect and culture until the end of WW II; after the war, the majority of Danube Swabians was expelled toAllied-occupied Germany andAllied-occupied Austria subsequent to thePotsdam Agreement.[2]Only a few people can speak the old Stiffolerisch Schvovish dialect. Also a salami is named after these people.[3]
In 1918, the entire Baranya was captured by Serbian troops and was administered by the newly createdKingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, but as aRepublic, see:Baranya-Baja Republic.
By theTreaty of Trianon of 1920, the territory of the county was divided between theKingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (renamed to Yugoslavia in 1929) and Hungary. The south-east of the county was assigned to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, while the remainder was assigned to Hungary.
The former Yugoslav part of the pre-1920 county was occupied and annexed by Hungary during World War II and the pre-1920 borders of Baranya county were restored in 1941. The post-1920 borders were restored again after World War II and the territory of the county reduced again.
Until the end of World War II, the inhabitants were all CatholicDanube Swabians, also called locally asStifolder, because the majority of their ancestors arrived in the 17th and 18th centuries fromFulda (district).[4] Most of the former German settlers were expelled toAllied-occupied Germany andAllied-occupied Austria in 1945–1948, consequent to thePotsdam Agreement.[5]Anyway a bigGermans of Hungary Minority live in Baranya today.
Since 1991, when Croatia became independent fromYugoslavia, the Yugoslav part of pre-1920 Baranya county is part of Croatia. Between 1991 and 1995 it was under occupation ofrebel Croatian Serbs, while from 1995 through 1998 theUnited Nations administered that area (United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium) as a transitional body. In modern times there is aMagyar andSerb minority in Croatian Baranja and a Croatian minority in Hungarian Baranya.Roma minority is present in both parts, as well asGermans (mostly until 1945). Today, the present Hungarian county ofBaranya also include some lands in the west that were not part of the historic Baranya county (after World War II most of the district ofSzigetvár – previously part ofSomogy county – and some other localities was transferred to Baranya county).
In 1900, the county had a population of 334,764 people and was composed of the following linguistic communities:[6]
Total:
According to the census of 1900, the county was composed of the following religious communities:[7]
Total:
In 1910, the county had a population of 352,478 people and was composed of the following linguistic communities:[8]
According to the census of 1910, the county was composed of the following religious communities:[9]
In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Baranya county were:
