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Baré language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Arawakan language of Venezuela and Brazil
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Not to be confused withParawana language.
Barawana
Baré
Mitua
Native toVenezuela,Brazil
EthnicityBaré people
Native speakers
240 (2011)[1]
Arawakan
Dialects
Language codes
ISO 639-3bae
qth Guiano
 qqd Marawá
Glottologbare1276  Baré
guin1258  Guinau
mara1409  Maragua
ELPBaré

Baré (Barawana) is anArawakan language ofVenezuela andBrazil, where it is nearly extinct. It is spoken by theBaré people. Aikhenvald (1999) reports "just a few old speakers left" of Baré proper, and that the Guinau variety was extinct.[2] Kaufman (1994) considers Baré proper, Guinau, andMarawá (now extinct) to be distinct languages; Aikhenvald, dialects of a single language. (Marawá is not the same language asMarawán.)

Baré is a generic name for a number of Arawakan languages in the area, includingMandahuaca,Guarequena,Baniwa, andPiapoco. Barawana is the language given this name in Kaufman, Aikhenvald, andEthnologue. It is also known as Ibini (a typo for Ihini ~ Arihini?) and Mitua.

Phonology

[edit]

Vowels

[edit]

Vowels can come in three forms; oral, nasal, and voiceless:

FrontCentralBack
Closeoraliu
nasalĩũ
voiceless
Midorale
nasal
voiceless
Openorala
nasalã
voiceless
  • Vowel sounds/aãḁ/, /e ẽ e̥/, and /u ũ u̥/ are heard as [ɵ ɵ̃ ɵ̥], [ɛ ɛ̃ ɛ̥], and [o õ o̥] when in unstressed position.
  • /a/ is heard as a back sound[ɑ] when after /w/.

Consonants

[edit]
LabialAlveolarPalatalVelarGlottal
Plosive/
Affricate
voicelessptt͡ʃk
aspiratedt͡ʃʰ
voicedbd
Fricativesh
Flapɾ
Sonorantvoiceless
voicedmnjw
  • Sounds /t, n/ are realized as dentalized and palatal[][ɲ] before and after /i/.
  • /d/ is realized as an affricate[d͡ʒ] before front vowels.
  • /ɾ/ can tend to fluctuate to a velarized[ɫ] in free variation.[3]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Barawana atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
  2. ^Dixon, R. M. W., ed. (1999).The Amazonian languages. Cambridge language surveys (1. publ ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0-521-57021-3.
  3. ^Cunha de Oliveira, Christiane (1993).Uma descrição do Baré (Arawak): Aspectos fonológicos e gramaticais [A description of Bare (Arawak): phonological and grammatical aspects] (Master's thesis) (in Portuguese). Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.Archived from the original on 2024-05-26. Retrieved2024-01-02.
Official language
Regional languages
Indigenous
languages
Arawakan
Arawan
Cariban
Pano–Tacanan
Macro-Jê
Nadahup
Tupian
Chapacuran
Tukanoan
Nambikwaran
Purian
Yanomaman
Bororoan
Harákmbut–Katukinan
Guaicuruan
Ticuna-Yuri
Nukak–Kakwa
Isolates
Unclassified
Interlanguages
Sign languages
Non-official
Italics indicateextinct languages
Arawakan (Maipurean) languages
Arawakan (Maipurean)
Northern
Caribbean
Palikuran
Pidjanan
Upper Amazon
Western Nawiki
Eastern Nawiki
Central Upper Amazon
Manao
Southern
Western
Central Maipurean
Piro
Bolivia–Parana
Campa
Macro-Arawakan ?
Arauán
Guajiboan
Puquina
Italics indicateextinct languages
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