Mazyadid Emirate إمارة بنو مزيد | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| c.961–c.1160 | |||||||||
 Emirate of Banu Mazyad c. 1086 | |||||||||
| Status | Largely autonomousEmirate under theBuyids and theSeljuks | ||||||||
| Capital | Ḥilla | ||||||||
| Common languages | Arabic | ||||||||
| Religion | Shia Islam | ||||||||
| Emir | |||||||||
• 961–1017 | Ali I(first) | ||||||||
• 1150–1160 | Muhalhil(last) | ||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages | ||||||||
• Established | c.961 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | c.1160 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of |  Iraq | ||||||||
TheBanū Mazyad (Arabic:بنو مزيد) orMazyadids were anArabdynasty following Shia Islam. They belonged to the clan of Nāshira of the tribe ofBanū Asad. They ruled an autonomous emirate in the area aroundKūfa andHīt in centralIraq between c. 961 and c. 1160.[1]
Older sources sometimes mistakenly date the beginnings of Mazyadid rule to the early 11th century, butAli ibn Mazyad's reign must be dated a half century earlier. The Banu Mazyad first acquired titles and subsidies from theBuyid emirMu'izz al-Dawla in return for military services between 956 and 963. These included lands between Kūfa and Hīt.[2]
In 1012, Ali foundedḤilla which would later become their capital.[3] Originally a mere encampment, Ḥilla merged with the earlier settlement of Jami'ayn. UnderSadaqa I (1086–1108), a wall was built around the new city and it became the capital of Mazyadid power.[2]
The Mazyadids' chief rivals were theUqaylids. Early in the reign ofDubays I (1017–1082), the Uqaylids supported his brother Muqallad when the latter challenged Dubays for the emirate. At the establishment of theSeljuk Empire, Dubays threw his support behind the ShiaFatimid Caliphate and the generalal-Basasiri.[2]
The reign of the weak Seljuk sultanBarkiyaruq (1092–1105) corresponds to the height of Sadaqa I's power. To theFirst Crusaders, he was the "king of the Arabs" (rex Arabum inLatin chronicles). AfterMalik-Shah II succeeded Barkiyaruq, he moved against Sadaqa, who was defeated and killed in battle in 1108. His successor,Dubays II, was equally famous to the Latins and as anArabic poet.[2]
The later Mazyadid emirs allied with local Turkish emirs against SultanGhiyath ad-Din Mas'ud (1134–1152). Seljuk forces occupied Ḥilla on several occasions. Dubays II died in 1135 and was succeeded by his son,Ali II, who reigned until 1150. He was succeeded in turn by his son, Muhalhil, about whose reign nothing is known, including its length. In 1163, Ḥilla was occupied byAbbasid forces and Mazyadid rule came to an end.[2]
The Mazyadids did not mint coin.[2]
These prefixes ignored in the alphabetical ordering: Al, Al-Bu, Albu, Banu. | |
Part ofArab tribes |
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