Bankura | |
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City | |
  Bankura Location in West Bengal, India Show map of West Bengal Bankura Bankura (India) Show map of India | |
| Coordinates:23°15′N87°04′E / 23.25°N 87.07°E /23.25; 87.07 | |
| Country | India |
| State | West Bengal |
| District | Bankura |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipality |
| • Body | Bankura Municipality |
| Area | |
• Total | 19.06 km2 (7.36 sq mi) |
| • Rank | Block total =22 Police station =23 |
| Elevation | 78 m (256 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
• Total | 137,386 |
| • Density | 7,208/km2 (18,670/sq mi) |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Bengali,English |
| Time zone | UTC+5:30 (IST) |
| PIN | 722101, 722102, 722146, 722151 & 722155 (Suburban) |
| Telephone code | 03242 |
| Lok Sabha constituency | Bankura |
| Vidhan Sabha constituency | Bankura |
| Website | www |
Bankura (/bænˈkʊərə/) is a city and a municipality in the state ofWest Bengal,India. It is the headquarters of theBankura district.
It comes from the old Austric word ráŕhá or ráŕho which means “land of red soil”.[2] 2-n ancient times "China called Ráŕh by the name of 'Láti'".[2] 3-n Santali,lar means thread,rarh means tune andlarh means snake. 4-.Perhaps the Jain and Greek scholars used this original Austric wordlarh to indicate this dry forest region which was very difficult. The popularity of Manasa Puja, the worship of Snake-Goddess Manasa, shows this opinion might have some relevance. According to Nilkantha, a commentator of the Mahabharata, the wordssuhmo [bhumi] (Sanskrit: suhma-bhūmi) and Rarh are synonymous.
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Scholars differs in their opinion about the etymology of the name Bankura. In the words of the Kol-Mundas, orah or rah means habitation. Many places of Rarh have an added rah at the end of their names. One of the most influential gods of the district 6-Dharmathakur is called Bankura Roy. The name of the district may come from his name. Linguist Suniti Kumar Chatterjee thinks that the name came from the word banka (zig-zag), and its word-corruption banku, which means extremely beautiful, and he who must be worshiped. In 1979, the word “Bancoorah” was found in the map of Renal. In 1863, Gastrel referred this region as Bancoonda.[3]
Bir Hambir was the 49th King of Malla dynasty. Bir Bankura was one of his two sons. Raja Bir Hambir divided his kingdom into 22 tarafs or circles and gave one to his each son. Taraf Jaybelia fell to the lot of Bir Bankura. He developed a town in his taraf and the town was later named as 'Bankura' after its founder's name.[4]
Bankura district is located in the north western part of the state of West Bengal. It is a part of Bardhaman Division of the State and is included in the area known as "Rarh" in Bengal. Bankura district is situated at23°15′N87°04′E / 23.25°N 87.07°E /23.25; 87.07. The Damodar River flows along the Northern boundary of the district. Bankura district is bounded byPurba Bardhaman andPaschim Bardhman district in the north and east,Paschim Medinipur district in the south andPurilia to the west.
TheBankura Forest composes about 21% of the entire district. It has degraded in some areas due to overuse by humans. 21.5% of the total geographical area of the district is made up of forest land, covering a total of 148,177 hectares. Net cultivable area of the district is 4.30 lakh (430,000) hectares.
The map alongside shows the Bankura Sadar subdivision of Bankura district. Physiographically, this area is part of the Bankura Uplands in the west gradually merging with the Bankura-Bishnupur Rarh Plains in the north-east. The western portions are characterised by undulating terrain with many hills and ridges. The area is having a gradual descent from theChota Nagpur Plateau. The soil islaterite red and hard beds are covered with scrub jungle andsal wood. Gradually it gives way to just uneven rolling lands but the soil continues to be lateritic. There are coal mines in the northern part, along theDamodar River.[5] It is a predominantly rural area with 89% of the population living in rural areas and only 11% living in the urban areas.[6]
Note: The map alongside presents some of the notable locations in the subdivision. All places marked in the map are linked in the larger full screen map.
Bankura has atropical savanna climate (KöppenAw) with very warm conditions in the "cool" season from November to February, and hot to sweltering temperatures from March to October. Rainfall occurs mostly between June and September and the annual amount is about 1,500 millimetres or 59 inches. Till 2020, the highest ever recorded temperature is 47.4 °C (117.3 °F) on 8 May 1977, and the lowest 4.8 °C (40.6 °F) on 9 January 2013.
| Climate data for Bankura (1991–2020, extremes 1901–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 34.0 (93.2) | 39.3 (102.7) | 43.1 (109.6) | 46.7 (116.1) | 47.4 (117.3) | 47.0 (116.6) | 41.2 (106.2) | 39.8 (103.6) | 39.0 (102.2) | 39.0 (102.2) | 37.0 (98.6) | 33.6 (92.5) | 47.4 (117.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 25.6 (78.1) | 29.2 (84.6) | 34.6 (94.3) | 37.7 (99.9) | 37.6 (99.7) | 35.6 (96.1) | 32.8 (91.0) | 32.7 (90.9) | 32.8 (91.0) | 32.1 (89.8) | 29.9 (85.8) | 26.5 (79.7) | 32.3 (90.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 11.7 (53.1) | 15.5 (59.9) | 20.2 (68.4) | 24.3 (75.7) | 25.7 (78.3) | 26.1 (79.0) | 25.7 (78.3) | 25.7 (78.3) | 25.5 (77.9) | 23.0 (73.4) | 17.7 (63.9) | 13.0 (55.4) | 21.2 (70.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 4.8 (40.6) | 5.1 (41.2) | 10.8 (51.4) | 16.0 (60.8) | 17.0 (62.6) | 19.4 (66.9) | 18.6 (65.5) | 20.0 (68.0) | 19.2 (66.6) | 13.0 (55.4) | 10.5 (50.9) | 5.9 (42.6) | 4.8 (40.6) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 19.4 (0.76) | 18.6 (0.73) | 27.0 (1.06) | 58.0 (2.28) | 115.8 (4.56) | 271.3 (10.68) | 391.8 (15.43) | 349.2 (13.75) | 245.9 (9.68) | 108.3 (4.26) | 11.2 (0.44) | 9.3 (0.37) | 1,625.8 (64.01) |
| Average rainy days | 1.4 | 1.5 | 2.1 | 3.9 | 6.8 | 11.9 | 16.4 | 15.4 | 11.8 | 5.1 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 78.3 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%)(at 17:30IST) | 60 | 50 | 40 | 46 | 57 | 71 | 82 | 83 | 82 | 77 | 69 | 65 | 66 |
| Source:India Meteorological Department[7][8] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Bankura (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 34.0 (93.2) | 39.3 (102.7) | 43.1 (109.6) | 45.8 (114.4) | 47.4 (117.3) | 47.0 (116.6) | 41.2 (106.2) | 39.8 (103.6) | 39.0 (102.2) | 39.0 (102.2) | 37.0 (98.6) | 33.6 (92.5) | 47.4 (117.3) |
| Mean maximum °C (°F) | 28.9 (84.0) | 30.6 (87.1) | 36.7 (98.1) | 41.1 (106.0) | 42.2 (108.0) | 40.7 (105.3) | 37.2 (99.0) | 36.4 (97.5) | 36.6 (97.9) | 34.7 (94.5) | 32.6 (90.7) | 28.9 (84.0) | 42.5 (108.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 25.4 (77.7) | 27.7 (81.9) | 32.5 (90.5) | 37.1 (98.8) | 38.8 (101.8) | 37.1 (98.8) | 34.1 (93.4) | 33.7 (92.7) | 33.9 (93.0) | 32.3 (90.1) | 29.2 (84.6) | 25.7 (78.3) | 32.3 (90.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 12.4 (54.3) | 16.0 (60.8) | 20.1 (68.2) | 24.3 (75.7) | 26.4 (79.5) | 26.5 (79.7) | 25.9 (78.6) | 25.9 (78.6) | 25.5 (77.9) | 23.3 (73.9) | 18.8 (65.8) | 13.2 (55.8) | 21.5 (70.7) |
| Mean minimum °C (°F) | 8.1 (46.6) | 12.1 (53.8) | 16.5 (61.7) | 20.1 (68.2) | 22.8 (73.0) | 23.4 (74.1) | 23.7 (74.7) | 24.0 (75.2) | 24.2 (75.6) | 20.1 (68.2) | 14.4 (57.9) | 9.7 (49.5) | 8.3 (46.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 0.8 (33.4) | 5.1 (41.2) | 10.8 (51.4) | 16.0 (60.8) | 17.0 (62.6) | 19.4 (66.9) | 18.6 (65.5) | 20.0 (68.0) | 19.2 (66.6) | 13.0 (55.4) | 10.5 (50.9) | 5.9 (42.6) | 0.8 (33.4) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 15.8 (0.62) | 14.1 (0.56) | 35.5 (1.40) | 34.7 (1.37) | 75.9 (2.99) | 264.7 (10.42) | 384.9 (15.15) | 337.0 (13.27) | 240.4 (9.46) | 72.7 (2.86) | 21.1 (0.83) | 11.6 (0.46) | 1,508.4 (59.39) |
| Average rainy days | 1.5 | 1.5 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 5.3 | 10.9 | 16.7 | 16.0 | 12.1 | 4.3 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 75.2 |
| Source:India Meteorological Department[9] | |||||||||||||
In the 2011 census,[10] Bankura city had a population of 137,386 of which 69,843 were males and 67,543 were females, giving a sex ratio of 967. The literacy rate was 86.12% and there were 12,148 children 0–6 years old
Bankura police station has jurisdiction over Bankura municipality, Bankura I and Bankura II CD Blocks. The area covered is 439 km2. There are 3 town outposts and an outpost at Rajagram.[11][12]
Bankura Sadar Division woman police station, started in 2014, has jurisdiction over whole of Bankura Sadar subdivision.[13]
Bankura Junction railway station is managed by theSouth Eastern Railways and is on theAdra-Kharagpur rail route. It is in Bankura city. Bhubaneswar Rajdhani Express, Rupashi Bangla Express, Aranyak Express, Puri-New Delhi (Nandan Kanan) Superfast Express, Ernakulam-Patna Express, Howrah-LTT Samarsata Express and Purulia-Howrah Express pass through this station. It is the originating and terminating station ofBankura Damodar Railway[14] which is connected toBarddhaman-Howrah Chord section. Computerized reservation facility is available. Going towards north-west,Adra Junction Railway Station is the nearest main station and moving to south,Kharagpur Railway Station is the major station next to Bankura.[15]
National Highway 14 (India) running from Morgam (inMurshidabad district) toKharagpur (inPaschim Medinipur district),State Highway 9 (West Bengal) running fromDurgapur (in Paschim Bardhaman district) to Nayagram (in Jhargram district) and State Highway 5 (West Bengal) running from Rupnarayanpur (in Bardhaman district) to Junput (in Purba Medinipur) pass through Bankura. NH 14 links Bankura to NH 12 and NH 16. Both NH 14 and SH 9 link Bankura toNH 19 (Grand Trunk Road).[16][17]
The place has contributed toward modern Bengal art and architecture[18] The tourist spots can be divided into four zones.[19]
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