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Banknotes of the Swiss franc

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The ninth series of the Swiss franc, currently in circulation. As of 2022, the Swiss 1000-franc banknote is the world's 2nd highest value currently-issued banknote, after theBrunei $10,000 bill (worth around 6,900 Swiss francs in 2022), followed by theSingapore $1,000 note (worth around 678 CHF) and the500 euro note (worth around 490 CHF), was demonetised.

Banknotes of theSwiss franc are issued by theSwiss National Bank in denominations of 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 1,000 Swiss francs.

Between 2016 and 2019, the eighth series, while remaining valid, was being replaced by the ninth series. All banknotes starting from the sixth series are exchangeable; banknotes from the fifth series ceased to be valid and were fully demonetised on 1 May 2000.

History

[edit]

The first banknotes in Switzerland were issued in 1825 by theCaisse de dépôt of the city ofBern.[1]

During the 19th century thecantons (states) of Switzerland had the right to print their own notes. Following the law of 8 March 1881 theSwiss National Bank had the exclusive right to issue banknotes in Switzerland. Its first notes were issued in 1907. Since then, nine series ofSwiss franc notes have been printed, six of which have been completely released for use by the general public, and a new series started being released in 2016.

Switzerland is unusual among affluent countries in that it used to expire its banknotes; the Swiss National Bank has declared several older series of banknotes to be no longerlegal tender some time after introducing newer series.[2] Notes from these "recalled" series could be exchanged for still-valid notes at the National Bank for up to 20 years after the date of recall, after which the notes lost all value. When recalled series become valueless, the National Bank transfers an amount of money equal to the sum of the now-worthless notes to a state-run last-resort disaster insurance fund, the Swiss Fund for Aid in Cases of Uninsurable Damage by Natural Forces.[3] In June 2019, theSwiss parliament passed a bill that removed the twenty-year time limit. Effective 1 January 2020, all banknotes starting from the sixth series issued in 1976 as well as any future series remain valid and can be exchanged for current notes indefinitely.[2][3][4][5]

In April 2021, the Swiss National Bank announced that it was recalling its eighth series of banknotes issued between 1995 and 1998; the series was replaced by the ninth series launched between 2016 and 2019.[6] In May 2021, the old banknotes lost their status as legal tender and are no longer valid for payments.[6]

Overview

[edit]
Overview of all series of Swiss banknotes[7]
SeriesIntroductionDate recalledValueless sinceDesignerRemark
1st19071 July 19251 July 1945Josef Storck and Albert WalchChangeover notes, similar to notes used by earlier banks
2nd19111 October 19581 October 1978Eugène Burnand,Ferdinand Hodler, S. Balzer
3rd19181 July 19251 July 1945Orell FüssliWar notes; only partially issued
4thVictor Surbeck andHans ErniReserve series, never issued
5th19561 May 19801 May 2000Pierre Gauchat andMarcus Korsten
6th19761 May 2000Ernst and Ursula HiestandNo longer legal tender, can be exchanged at full nominal value at Swiss National Bank[8]
7thElisabeth andRoger PfundReserve series; never issued
8th1995 to 199830 April 2021Jörg ZintzmeyerRecalled 30 April 2021[9]
9th12 April 2016Manuela PfrunderCurrent series; introduced 2016 to 2019

All series of Swiss banknotes

[edit]

First series

[edit]
1st series of Swiss banknotes[10]
ImageValueDimensionsMain colourDescriptionDate of
ObverseReverseObverseReverseissuewithdrawallapse
50 francs166 × 103 mmGreen/YellowHelvetiaOrnaments20 June 19071 July 19251 July 1945
100 francs183 × 116 mmBlue
500 francs199 × 126 mmGreen
1000 francs215 × 132 mmPurple
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre (18 pixel per inch). For table standards, see thebanknote specification table.

Second series

[edit]

The second series of Swiss banknotes was issued between 1911 and 1914.

2nd series of Swiss banknotes[11]
ImageValueDimensionsMain colourDescriptionDate ofNotes
ObverseReverseObverseReverseissuewithdrawallapse
5 francs148 × 70 mmBrown/GreenWilliam TellOrnaments3 August 19141 May 19801 May 2000
10 francs135 × 82 mmBrown/YellowWoman fromNeuchâtelReserve note
20 francs163 × 95 mmBlue/purpleVreneli31 July 191431 December 19351 January 1956
50 francs165 × 106 mmGreenWoman's headWoodcutter22 December 19111 October 19581 October 1978
100 francs181 × 115 mmDark blueReaper16 September 1911
500 francs200 × 125 mmRed/BrownEmbroideres24 December 1912
1000 francs216 × 131 mmPurple/OrangeFoundry16 September 1911
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre (18 pixel per inch). For table standards, see thebanknote specification table.

Third series

[edit]

The third series of Swiss banknotes was printed in 1918; some of the notes were issued as war notes, while others were kept as reserve.[12]

Fourth series

[edit]

The fourth series of Swiss banknotes was printed in 1938 as a reserve series and was never issued.

4th series of Swiss banknotes[13]
ImageValueDimensionsMain colourDescriptionDate of issue
ObverseReverseObverseReverse
50 francs167 × 96 mmGreenWoman's headBullNever issued (reserve series)
100 francs190 × 106 mmBlueWoman fromHaslitalOrnaments
500 francs210 × 116 mmBrown-redWoman's headChemistry
1000 francs228 × 125 mmPurpleTurbine
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre (18 pixel per inch). For table standards, see thebanknote specification table.

Fifth series

[edit]

The fifth series of Swiss banknotes was issued starting in 1957.

5th series of Swiss banknotes[14]
ImageValueDimensionsMain colourDescriptionDesignerDate of
ObverseReverseObverseReverseissuewithdrawallapse
10 francs137 × 75 mmRed-brownGottfried KellerBennet blossomsHermann Eidenbenz1 October 19561 May 19801 May 2000
20 francs155 × 85 mmBlueGuillaume-Henri DufourThistle29 March 1956
50 francs173 × 95 mmGreenHead of a girlApple harvestPierre Gauchat14 June 1957
100 francs191 × 105 mmDark blueHead of a boySt Martin
500 francs210 × 115 mmBrown-redHead of a womanFountain of Youth
1000 francs228 × 125 mmPurpleDanse Macabre
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre (18 pixel per inch). For table standards, see thebanknote specification table.

Sixth series

[edit]
6th series of Swiss banknotes[15]
ImageValueDimensionsMain colourDescriptionDate of
ObverseReverseObverseReverseissuewithdrawallapse
10 francs137 × 66 mmRedLeonhard EulerWater turbine, theSolar System and a scheme of propagation of rays of light passing through lenses5 November 19791 May 2000none (abolished)[16]
20 francs148 × 70 mmBlueHorace-Bénédict de SaussureMountain range, a group of alpinists and the Ammonshorn4 April 1979
50 francs159 × 74 mmGreenConrad GessnerEagle owl, primula, stars4 October 1978
100 francs170 × 78 mmDark blueFrancesco BorrominiUpper part of the dome-tower as well as the floor plan of the churchSant'Ivo alla Sapienza4 October 1976
500 francs181 × 82 mmBrownAlbrecht von HallerMuscular figure of a human body, graph of respiration and the circulation of the blood, and a purple orchis4 April 1977
1000 francs192 × 86 mmPurpleAuguste ForelThree ants and a cross-section of an anthill4 April 1978
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre (18 pixel per inch). For table standards, see thebanknote specification table.

Seventh series

[edit]

A seventh series of Swiss banknotes was designed and printed in 1984, in parallel with the sixth series, but was never released. It formed the reserve series, to be released, for example, if the current series were suddenly to become widely counterfeited. At first, almost no information was released on the series for security reasons, except for small fragments. However, after the eighth series was released, it was decided to improve the security features of the current series rather than develop a new reserve series. The details of the seventh series were later released, while the actual banknotes were destroyed. The designers wereRoger Pfund andElisabeth Pfund. They had originally won the competition for the design of the sixth series, but since the Swiss National Bank decided to use the design by Ernst and Ursula Hiestand instead, the Pfunds were charged with the design of the reserve series.[17][18]

7th series of Swiss banknotes[15]
ImageValueDimensionsMain colourDescriptionDate of issue
ObverseReverseObverseReverse
10 francs137 × 66 mmRed-brownLeonhard Euler; development of thepolyhedron, thebridges of KönigsbergGamma function; table for the calculation of numbers; diagram of theSolar SystemNever issued (reserve series)
20 francs148 × 70 mmBlueHorace-Bénédict de Saussure;quartz crystals;Hornblende beamHair hygrometer, view of the valley ofChamonix and theMont Blanc massif; expedition to theTacul glacier
50 francs159 × 74 mmGreenConrad Gessner; branch of adwarf cherry tree; foliage of the bushGolden eagle (based on awoodcut from Gessner'sHistoriae animalium); "Metamorphosis of animals"; Latin text from the Historiae Animalium referring to theseven-headed hydra
100 francs170 × 78 mmDark blueFrancesco Borromini; architectural motif from theBasilica of St. John LateranRaising of the lantern and the spire ofSant'Ivo alla Sapienza; floor plan ofSan Carlo alle Quattro Fontane;dove andolive branch
500 francs181 × 82 mmBrownAlbrecht von Haller;hexagonal structure of thecell; cell tissue18th century anatomy plate;x-ray of the humanthorax; mountains, referring to his poem "The Alps"
1000 francs192 × 86 mmPurpleLouis Agassiz; structure of the surface of ashellfishHead, skeleton andfossil of aperch; structure of thescales of a perch;ammonite
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre (18 pixel per inch). For table standards, see thebanknote specification table.

Eighth series

[edit]

The eighth series of Swiss franc banknotes, designed byJörg Zintzmeyer, entered circulation in 1995. They were withdrawn in 2021.

Eight series (1995–1998)[19]
Designer: Jörg Zintzmeyer
ImageValueDimensions
(mm)
Main
colour
DescriptionIssueWithdrawn
ObverseReverseObverseReverse
10 francs74 × 126YellowLe CorbusierGround plan,
government district
ofChandigarh,India
8 April 199530 April 2021
20 francs74 × 137RedArthur HoneggerPacific 2311 October 1994
50 francs74 × 148GreenSophie Taeuber-ArpTête Dada, 19193 October 1995
100 francs74 × 159BlueAlberto GiacomettiL'Homme qui marche I1 October 1998
200 francs74 × 170BrownCharles Ferdinand RamuzLac de Derborence
(Les Diablerets),Lavaux
1 October 1997
1000 francs74 × 181PurpleJacob BurckhardtPalazzo Strozzi,Firenze1 April 1998
For table standards, see thebanknote specification table.

Ninth series

[edit]

In 2005, the Swiss National Bank held a competition to determine the design of the next series of banknotes. The competition was won byManuel Krebs, but his designs, which include depictions of blood cells and embryos, were met with sufficient opposition from the general public as to discourage the bank from going forward with them.[20] As a result, the ninth series of Swiss franc banknotes was based on designs by second place finalistManuela Pfrunder.[21] The series was scheduled to be issued around 2010 but was delayed to 2015 due to technical problems in the production.[22][23] The new 50-franc banknote was issued on 12 April 2016, followed by the 20-franc banknote on 17 May 2017, the 10-franc banknote on 18 October 2017, the 200-franc banknote on 22 August 2018, the 1,000-franc banknote on 13 March 2019 and the 100-franc banknote on 12 September 2019.

Ninth series (2016–2018)[24]
Designer:Manuela Pfrunder
ImageValueDimensions
(mm)
Main
colour
DescriptionIssue
ObverseReverseTheme
(Swiss characteristic)
Obverse
(action)
Reverse
(location and object)
10 francs70 × 123YellowTime
Organisational talent
  • Hands conducting with abaton
  • Globe: around theIDL,End of Day(Pacific Ocean);Time zones
  • Background: Clock faces
  • Security strip: Swiss rail network and its longest tunnels
  • Lötschberg Base Tunnel rail tracks, reducing traveltime
  • Watch's movement: symbolising strong organisational talent
  • Rail network lines
18 October 2017[25]
20 francs70 × 130RedLight
Creativity
  • Hand with aprism and light
  • Globe: 4 hours earlier(Pacific Ocean, Americas);constellations
  • Background: Kaleidoscope
  • Security strip: Night-time light emissions; distances in light seconds between Earth and celestial bodies
  • Light beaming a movie to a large outdoor screen on the Piazza Grande inLocarno during theLocarno Film Festival
  • Butterfly: Light reveals the wings' colour
  • Iris lines
17 May 2017
50 francs70 × 137GreenWind
Wealth of experiences
  • Hand holding adandelion;pappi carried by the wind
  • Globe: another 4 hours earlier(Africa, Americas);wind directions
  • Background: Wind flow arrows
  • Security strip: Swiss Alps and four-thousand-metre peaks list
  • Wind streaming around theSwiss Alps's glaciated mountain peaks
  • Paraglider: the wind keeping it aloft
  • Contour lines: evokes the Swiss varied landscapes
12 April 2016
100 francs70 × 144BlueWater
Humanitarian tradition
  • Hands holding, providing water
  • Globe: another 4 hours earlier(Europe, Africa);isobars and contour lines
  • Security strip: Switzerland's rivers and its longest rivers
  • Water flowing alongside a mountain side inValais
  • German:Suonen/French:desbisses: irrigation channels
12 September 2019[26]
200 francs70 × 151BrownMatter
Scientific expertise
  • Hand pointing to the three dimensions (right-hand rule)
  • Globe: another 4 hours earlier(Africa, Eurasia); LateCretaceous period land masses
  • Security strip: Swiss geological ages map; timeline of the universe's formation stages
22 August 2018[26]
1000 francs70 × 158PurpleLanguage
Communicative flair
  • Handshake
  • Globe: another 4 hours earlier,Start of Day(Eastern Asia, Australia);IPA letters
  • Security strip: Map of the Swiss language regions; list of Swiss cantons
  • Holding speeches in differentlanguages in the Swiss parliament during theFederal Assembly atBern
  • Relation graph
13 March 2019[26]
For table standards, see thebanknote specification table.

Security and counterfeiting

[edit]
The eighth banknote series possesses at least eighteen security features.[27]

According to the 2008 edition ofGuinness World Records, the eighth series of Swiss franc notes is the most secure in the world with up to 18 security features including a tilting digit, which can only be seen from an unusual angle, a UV digit that can only be seen under ultraviolet light and micro text.[28] According to their respective central banks, the rate of counterfeited banknotes as of 2011 was about 1 in 100,000 for theSwiss franc, 1 in 20,000 for theeuro, 1 in 10,000 for theUnited States dollar and 1 in 3,333 for thepound sterling.[29]

See also

[edit]

Notes and references

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  1. ^Billets de banque inGerman,French andItalian in the onlineHistorical Dictionary of Switzerland.; A. Meier:Monnaies....
  2. ^abBlackstone, Brian (20 October 2017)."Switzerland's Old-Money Problem: One Billion in Expiring Francs".The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved25 June 2018.
  3. ^ab"Questions and answers on banknotes – What does 'the SNB is recalling banknotes from circulation' actually mean?".Swiss National Bank. Retrieved24 June 2018.
  4. ^"Ständerat hat eingelenkt – Alte Banknoten werden künftig nicht mehr verfallen".Schweizer Radio und Fernsehen (SRF) (in German). 5 June 2019. Retrieved7 January 2020.
  5. ^"CC 941.10 Federal Act of 22 December 1999 on Currency and Payment Instruments (CPIA)".www.admin.ch. Retrieved7 January 2020.
  6. ^ab"Swiss National Bank recalls old series of banknotes".Reuters. 28 April 2021. Retrieved22 May 2021.
  7. ^All banknote series of the SNB, on the website of the Swiss National Bank. Last accessed 1 June 2007.
  8. ^"Swiss National Bank (SNB) – Sixth banknote series (1976)".www.snb.ch. Retrieved7 January 2020.
  9. ^"Swiss National Bank (SNB) - Banknotes and coins". Archived fromthe original on 5 May 2019. Retrieved26 May 2017.
  10. ^First banknote series 1907, on the website of the Swiss National Bank. Last accessed 1 June 2007.
  11. ^Second banknote series 1911, on the website of the Swiss National Bank. Last accessed 1 June 2007.
  12. ^Third banknote series 1918, on the website of the Swiss National Bank. Last accessed 1 June 2007.
  13. ^Fourth banknote series 1938, on the website of the Swiss National Bank. Last accessed 1 June 2007.
  14. ^Fifth banknote series 1957, on the website of the Swiss National Bank. Last accessed 30 September 2007.
  15. ^abSixth banknote series 1976, on the website of the Swiss National Bank. Last accessed 1 June 2007.
  16. ^"Swiss National Bank (SNB) - All SNB banknote series".
  17. ^Seventh banknote series, on the website of the Swiss National Bank. Last accessed 30 September 2007.
  18. ^Jean-Marc Côté, "Habiller l'argent : Roger PfundArchived 7 December 2006 at theWayback Machine", Bulletin de l'Association des Numismates Francophones du Canada. Last accessed 1 June 2007.
  19. ^"Eighth banknote series, 1995". Zurich, Switzerland: Swiss National Bank SNB. May 2017. Retrieved26 May 2017.
  20. ^"7 Interesting Facts about the New Swiss Banknotes".Newly Swissed. 26 September 2015. Retrieved17 March 2020.
  21. ^New banknotes projectArchived 19 May 2007 at theWayback Machine on the website of the Swiss National Bank. Last accessed 1 June 2007.
  22. ^Curtis, Malcolm (27 March 2013)."Swiss money really is dirty: UK scientists".The Local (Switzerland edition). Retrieved3 July 2013.The Swiss National Bank, responsible for producing Switzerland's money, is planning to introduce new banknotes in 2015 after several delays due to technical problems with paper.
  23. ^Press release of 13 december 2012: Issue of new banknote series delayed.Archived 25 March 2014 at theWayback Machine Last accessed 5 September 2012
  24. ^"New banknotes for Switzerland". Zurich, Switzerland: Swiss National Bank SNB. May 2017. Retrieved26 May 2017.
  25. ^"Schriftzug: Die neue 10-Franken-Note".Schweizerische Südostbahn, Schriftzug. 4 February 2019. Archived fromthe original on 4 February 2019. Retrieved30 July 2024.
  26. ^abc"Banknotes and coins: The transition to a new banknote series". Zurich, Switzerland: Swiss National Bank (SNB). Archived fromthe original on 5 May 2019. Retrieved5 March 2019.
  27. ^An overview of the security featuresArchived 12 October 2013 at theWayback Machine,Swiss National Bank (page visited on 11 October 2013).
  28. ^Guinness World Records (2008 ed.). Hit Entertainment. p. 126.ISBN 978-1-904994-18-3.
  29. ^(in French) Michel Beuret,"Les mystères de la fausse monnaie",Allez savoir !, number 50, June 2011.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Michel de Rivaz,The Swiss banknote: 1907–1997, Genoud, 1997 (ISBN 2-88100-080-0).
  • Albert Meier,Monnaies – Billets de Banque. Suisse – Liechtenstein 1798–1995, Hünibach, 1996.

External links

[edit]
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