Banjarbaru | |
|---|---|
| City of Banjarbaru Kota Banjarbaru | |
     Clockwise, from top: Welcome Monument, Al Munawarah Grand Mosque, Dr. Murdiani Field,Lambung Mangkurat Museum, Bumi Kencana Heroes cementary | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
| Nickname: Kota Bukit (City of Hills) | |
| Motto: Gawi Sabarataan (Working together as a whole) | |
 Location within the Province of South Kalimantan | |
 Interactive map of Banjarbaru | |
  Banjarbaru Location within Kalimantan Show map of Kalimantan Banjarbaru Location within Indonesia Show map of Indonesia | |
| Coordinates:03°26′33″S114°49′57″E / 3.44250°S 114.83250°E /-3.44250; 114.83250 | |
| Country |  Indonesia |
| Region | Kalimantan |
| Province |  South Kalimantan |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Erna Lisa Halaby |
| • Vice Mayor | Wartono |
| • Legislature | Banjarbaru City Regional House of Representatives (DPRD) |
| Area | |
• Total | 305.15 km2 (117.82 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 23 m (75 ft) |
| Population (mid 2024 estimate[1]) | |
• Total | 285,546 |
| • Density | 935.76/km2 (2,423.6/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (Indonesia Central Time) |
| Area code | (+62) 511 |
| HDI (2024) |  0.816 (Very High)[2] |
| Website | banjarbarukota.go.id |
Banjarbaru is the capital city ofSouth Kalimantan, one of the provinces inIndonesia. It is located 35 km (22 mi) southeast ofBanjarmasin, the largest city of the province. The city had a population of 199,627 as of the 2010 Census,[3] and 253,442 at the 2020 Census,[4] and the official population estimate (as at mid 2024) was 285,546 (comprising 143,255 males and 142,291 females).[1] The large town ofMartapura, with 158,186 inhabitants in 2024 (in Martapura and Martapura Timur Districts), lies immediately to the north of Banjarbaru inBanjar Regency, and in effect constitutes an extension of the city. The second largest city in the province afterBanjarmasin, it is also part ofBanjarbakula metropolitan area.[5]
Banjarbaru was previously only a temporary name used by governor Dr. Murdjani to differentiate it from Banjarmasin, as "baru" means "new" inIndonesian. However, the name stuck between people living there and gradually became official name of the city.[6] Banjarbaru previously consisted of a series of hills known as Mount Apam.[6]
Diamond mines in Cempaka have existed since the 15th century under the Hindu-Buddhist kingdomNegara Dipa.[7] In the era of theBanjar Sultanate, there was a royal edict stating that diamonds of fourcarats or higher should be sold only to the sultan.[8] The place was mostly uninhabited except for resting places of diamond mine laborers from Cempaka, now also part of the city.[9] Cempaka diamond mines under thecolonial era were regulated underOrdonantie 25 Nopember 1923 Staatblast 1923 No. 174 together with Pelaihari andMartapura.[10]
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In the 1950s, because of frequent floods that disrupted government activities inBanjarmasin, it was suggested to relocate the capital of then-Kalimantan province to a new city. The construction and city planning was assisted by a Dutch-descendant architect named D.A.W. Van der Pijl based on the European city concept, which explains the abundance of city parks and a city hall in the center of the city.[11][12] However, the plan to relocate the provincial government was never realized fully. As of April 2021,[update] only theSouth Kalimantan governor's office has been relocated, whilethe parliament is still in Banjarmasin.[6][9][13][14]
The city was previously intended bySukarno to be new center of the steel industry inKalimantan with assistance from theSoviet Union to develop it.[15][16] Cooperation between the two was formalized on 11 September 1956. However, the plan to construct steel factories was never realized until after the30 September Movement and subsequentpurge of communism in Indonesia. Traces of Soviet projects can be seen in the city such as withMess L.[17][18][19]
On 20 April 1999, Banjarbaru was separated fromBanjar Regency (of which it had previously been a part) and gained its status as an independent city, although it was still recognized as part of theBanjarbakula metropolitan area.[5][20] The city legally became capital of the South Kalimantan province on 15 February 2022 following updates of laws concerning legal basis of several provinces were passed byPeople's Representative Council.[21]
Banjarbaru is located at the foot of theMeratus Mountains, with 80% of the city area elevated between 0 and 25 m (82 ft) above sea level, but it also includes areas up to 500 m (1,600 ft) high. In the North, East, and West it bordersBanjar Regency, while in the South it bordersTanah Laut Regency.Podzol dominates the city soil, with a concentration of as much as 63.82%. However, Landasan Ulin's soil is instead dominated bypeat andalluvium.[22]
Compared to other regencies and cities in the province, Banjarbaru is also the second smallest second-level administrative division in the province after Banjarmasin city, covering around 0.88% of province territory.[23]
Banjarbaru has atropical rainforest (Af according to theKöppen climate classification) with abundant rainfall in all months, although June to October is comparatively drier. Banjarbaru receives 2,627 millimetres (103.4 in) of rain annually. Temperatures are uniform in all months due to its equatorial location, with the average annual temperature being 27.2 °C (81.0 °F). On 16 August 1997, Banjarbaru recorded a temperature of 40.6 °C (105.1 °F), which is the highest temperature that has ever been recorded in Indonesia.[24][25]
| Climate data for Banjarbaru (Syamsudin Noor Airport) (1991–2020 normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 34.6 (94.3) | 34.5 (94.1) | 35.1 (95.2) | 35.9 (96.6) | 34.6 (94.3) | 35.6 (96.1) | 34.5 (94.1) | 36.5 (97.7) | 35.6 (96.1) | 36.4 (97.5) | 35.7 (96.3) | 35.0 (95.0) | 36.5 (97.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.3 (88.3) | 31.7 (89.1) | 32.0 (89.6) | 32.4 (90.3) | 32.9 (91.2) | 32.1 (89.8) | 32.0 (89.6) | 33.1 (91.6) | 33.7 (92.7) | 33.9 (93.0) | 32.7 (90.9) | 31.7 (89.1) | 32.5 (90.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.9 (80.4) | 27.0 (80.6) | 27.3 (81.1) | 27.6 (81.7) | 27.8 (82.0) | 27.2 (81.0) | 26.8 (80.2) | 27.1 (80.8) | 27.6 (81.7) | 27.7 (81.9) | 27.4 (81.3) | 26.9 (80.4) | 27.3 (81.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 24.1 (75.4) | 24.3 (75.7) | 24.4 (75.9) | 24.6 (76.3) | 24.7 (76.5) | 23.9 (75.0) | 23.2 (73.8) | 23.0 (73.4) | 23.1 (73.6) | 23.7 (74.7) | 24.1 (75.4) | 24.0 (75.2) | 23.9 (75.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 19.5 (67.1) | 19.9 (67.8) | 17.5 (63.5) | 20.6 (69.1) | 18.9 (66.0) | 18.0 (64.4) | 16.8 (62.2) | 17.8 (64.0) | 16.0 (60.8) | 17.6 (63.7) | 19.7 (67.5) | 20.9 (69.6) | 16.0 (60.8) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 377.8 (14.87) | 296.0 (11.65) | 309.0 (12.17) | 273.4 (10.76) | 187.9 (7.40) | 157.0 (6.18) | 101.2 (3.98) | 66.6 (2.62) | 82.1 (3.23) | 142.7 (5.62) | 250.1 (9.85) | 395.0 (15.55) | 2,638.8 (103.89) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 1.0 mm) | 21.5 | 17.8 | 18.4 | 17.3 | 14.7 | 13.2 | 11.1 | 8.7 | 7.7 | 12.4 | 16.9 | 22.1 | 181.8 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 101.9 | 92.0 | 122.4 | 137.2 | 154.8 | 140.4 | 158.8 | 176.3 | 160.1 | 150.3 | 124.1 | 99.4 | 1,617.7 |
| Source 1: Starlings Roost Weather[26] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2:World Meteorological Organization[27] | |||||||||||||
Around 94% of the city population areMuslim, 4.6% areChristian, 0.21%Hindu, and 0.16%Buddhist.[28] There were 143,255 males and 142,291 females in the city as of mid 2024, with asex ratio of 100 females to 100.68 males.[1] South Banjarbaru is the most densely populated district with 3,319 people per square kilometre in mid 2024 and Cempaka is the least densely populated district with 343 people per square kilometre.[29]
The city population is dominated by young adults with an age range of 20 to 39 years old. The population of working or reproductive age (15 – 64 years old) makes just over 70% of the city's population as of 2024.[1] Life expectancy of the city is 71.87 years as of 2019, which is slightly above the national figure and significantly higher than the provincial figure.[29]
Economic growth in 2019 was 7%, which is above the national average.[30] The service sector dominated the city's economy[31] at around 23.47% in 2011.[32] Other big sectors include restaurant & hotel and construction, accounting for 18.70% and 18.33% respectively.[32] In 2013, the service sector alone employed 26,533 people from the city.[33] Other sectors such as processing (12.06%), communication (7.95%) and banking (4.01%) also exist in the city.[32] The creative economy and tourism only employed around 500 people in 2020.[32][34]
Cempaka district's economy is the only one that relies on mining (mainly diamond) and the agriculture sector.[32] The diamond mining industry is plagued byfree riders.[10] According toMedia Indonesia, in 2011 there were 200 miner groups, consisting of around 1,000 diamond miners in 4 urban villages (kelurahan), both with modern means of mining diamonds with water pumps or traditional methods.[10] The diamond mining industry in Cempaka occupies around 2,000 hectares of area in the district.[10] The city authority faced difficulty in collecting taxes from the mining industry because of its informal nature and the fact that most diamond transactions happened in secrecy. This, combined with the general decline of mining industry investment, made mining only account for around 8.12% of the city's gross regional product in 2011.[10][32] The agriculture sector is also shrinking and contributes little to the city's economy, with the figure 4.51% in 2011. The amount of paddy fields in the city is small, only 4,522 hectares cultivated in 2010.[35] The young and educated demographic that are not interested in the mining or agriculture sector combined with city's lack of natural resources compared to neighboring regions made both sectors shrink in size.[35][36] The unemployment rate is 5.06% as of 2019.[28]
Banjarbaru is divided into fivedistricts (kecamatan): Banjarbaru Utara (North Banjarbaru), Banjarbaru Selatan (South Banjarbaru), Cempaka, Landasan Ulin and Liang Anggang, as set out below with their areas and their populations at the 2010,[3] and 2020[4] censuses, together with the official estimates as at mid 2024.[1] Each district is divided into 4 urban villages (kelurahan). The table also includes the post codes of each district.
| Kode Wilayah | Name of District (kecamatan) | Area in km2 | Pop'n Census 2010 | Pop'n Census 2020 | Pop'n Estimate mid 2024 | Admin centre | No. of kelurahan | Post codes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 63.72.02 | Landasan Ulin | 74.03 | 51,510 | 75,385 | 84,978 | Landasan Ulin Timur | 4 | 70724(a) |
| 63.72.06 | Liang Anggang | 74.74 | 34,548 | 44,358 | 51,867 | Landasan Ulin Barat | 4 | 70724(b) |
| 63.72.03 | Cempaka | 114.53 | 28,319 | 35,584 | 39,323 | Sungai Tiung | 4 | 70731 - 70734 |
| 63.72.04 | Banjarbaru Utara | 26.84 | 42,805 | 52,842 | 59,554 | Komet | 4 | 70714 |
| 63.72.05 | Banjarbaru Selatan | 15.01 | 42,445 | 45,273 | 49,822 | Loktabat Selatan | 4 | 70714(c) |
| Totals | 305.15 | 199,627 | 253,442 | 285,546 | 20 |
Notes: (a) except Guntung Payungkelurahan, with a postcode of 70721. (b) except Landasan Ulin Baratkelurahan, with a postcode of 70722, and Landasan Ulin Tengahkelurahan, with a postcode of 70723. (c) except Guntung Palkatkelurahan, with a postcode of 70713.
As with all ofIndonesian cities, the local government is a second-level administrative division run by a mayor and vice mayor together with the city parliament, and it is equivalent to regency.[37] Executive power lies in the mayor and vice mayor, while legislation duties are carried by local parliament. Mayor, vice mayor, and parliament members are democratically elected by people of the city in an election.[38] Meanwhile, head of districts are appointed directly by city mayor with recommendation by the city secretary.[39][40]
Banjarbaru Regional People's Representative Council Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Banjarbaru | |
|---|---|
 Building of Banjarbaru city parliament (Banjarbaru People's Representative Council) | |
| Type | |
| Type | |
| History | |
New session started | 9 October 2019 |
| Structure | |
| Seats | 30 |
Political groups | PKB (3) Gerindra (6) PDIP (3) Golkar (5) NasDem (4) PPP (4) PKS (2) PAN (2) Demokrat (1) |
| Elections | |
| Open list | |
The city is part of the 7th electoral district forprovincial parliament, together withTanah Laut Regency, which combined have 8 out of 55 representatives.[41] At the city level, the parliament of the city has 30 representatives from four electoral districts.[41] They are 1st electoral district (consist of South Banjarbaru and North Banjarbaru) with 12 representatives, 2nd electoral district (consist of Cempaka) with 4 representatives, 3rd electoral district (consist of Liang Anggang) with 5 representatives, and 4th electoral district (consist of Landasan Ulin) with 9 representatives.[41] As of 2021,[update] thelast election for parliament was on 17 April 2019 and the next one will be in the year 2024.[42]
| Electoral District | Region | Representatives |
|---|---|---|
| Banjarbaru 1st | South Banjarbaru, North Banjarbaru | 12 |
| Banjarbaru 2nd | Cempaka | 4 |
| Banjarbaru 3rd | Liang Anggang | 5 |
| Banjarbaru 4th | Landasan Ulin | 9 |
| Total | 30 | |
There is only one shopping mall in the city, QMall, which is located in the North Banjarbaru district, located on a 40 hectare plot of land.[43] It is integrated with one hotel, Grand Dafam Q Hotel, which is connected to the mall itself.[44][45] Several entertainment & amusement parks exist in the city, such as Amanah Borneo Park, Banua Labyrinth Park, Aquatica Waterpark, and QMall Waterboom.[46][47][48] The city also has a public swimming pool owned by the city government named Idaman Public Swimming Pool.[49][50] Mentaos Pine Forest, a 1,000 square kilometer city forest located in the North Banjarbaru district, is also a popular tourist destination.[51][52]
"Kampung Pelangi" (lit: rainbow village) has become a major tourist spot in the city. It is located on the edge of the Kemuning river, South Banjarbaru district. Previously a slum, it has been upgraded to showcase a waterfront, a better housing complex with parks, a pedestrian area, and WiFi corners.[53][54][55]
There is only one museum in the city,Lambung Mangkurat Museum, and it has several historical collections from the Banjar Sultanate era to theNational Revolution.[56][57]
There are seven hospitals in the city, 10puskesmas, 37clinics, 128 healthcare centers, and 18 maternity cottages.[28] The biggest public hospital, Idaman Regional Hospital, is owned by the city government.[58] Other than that, the biggest private hospital in the city is the Syifa Medika Hospital, located in the Landasan Ulin district.[59][60] There are also three laboratoriums for various purposes in the city as of 2021, one of them being a disease control laboratorium.[61][62]
In Banjarbaru, there are 164 kindergartens, 83 elementary schools, 37 junior high schools, 23 senior high schools, and 16 vocational high schools (SMK) both public and private.[28] In addition, there are 14 higher education institutions; the most notable beingLambung Mangkurat University.[28] Lambung Mangkurat University is also the only public university in the city, while the rest of higher education institutions are private.[63][64][65]
Dr. Murdjani Field – named after a former governor of the province – is located at the center of the city across from the city hall and city park complex.[66] Previously, the city featured the Haji Idak Stadium, but it was demolished and the site is now used for the new wet market building.[67][68] As the replacement, a bigger new sport complex named "New Stadium of Banjarbaru" is planned to be built in the Landasan Ulin district.[69][70] Previously the mainwet market in the city was located close to city parks, but it was relocated in early 2021.[67]
Komet Windpump, originally built in 1972[71] and restored in 2021,[72] was the naming inspiration for the surrounding Komet subdistrict.[73]
There are more than 50 mosques in the city, aBalinese temple in the Landasan Ulin district, and around 20 churches in the city.[74][75][76] The biggest mosque in the city is Al Munawarah Grand Mosque in South Banjarbaru. It was inaugurated by then-mayor of the city, Rudy Resnawan, on 1 July 2010.[77]
The city is served by twobus rapid transit systems,BRT Banjarbakula andTrans Banjarbakula, which also serves neighboring regencies and cities.[78] There are alsoangkots in the city, online motorcycle taxi services provided byGojek andGrab, and conventionaltaxis. In 2021, another bus service, Trans Banjarbakula, also launched serving the city.[79]
Syamsudin Noor International Airport is located in the Landasan Ulin district.[80] Banjarbaru has more than 645 km (401 mi) of roads, of which 539 km (335 mi) are paved withasphalt.[28] The city is connected toTrans-Kalimantan Highway Southern Route, which connects it to other cities such asBanjarmasin and to the neighboring provinces,East Kalimantan andCentral Kalimantan. Atoll road connecting the city toBatulicin is under construction as of November 2020[update].[81]
As of 2021,[update] there is a plan for anairport rail link which is expected to start construction in December 2021, which would also be connected to Banjarmasin.[82][83][84] At the same time, the government is making plans for a new development area dubbed "Aero City", aimed to spur further development in the region.[85][86]
According to thePress Council, there are four media companies registered in Banjarbaru, consisting of two cyber media, one printed, and one television. They are KanalKalimantan, Teras7,Radar Banjarmasin, and Amaco Media.[87] However, due to lack of registration & verification, the numbers could be higher according to the Indonesian Cyber Media Union.[88] There are two known radio stations, Nirwana FM Banjarbaru and Abdi Persada FM. Nirwana FM Banjarbaru is licensed by theMinistry of Communication and Information Technology.[89][90][91]
The city government, according to Regional Regulation Number 2 Year 2010, established "Local Public Broadcaster" on television and radio, and it is supervised by local government civil servants. This, according to the law, acted as a means for the city government to communicate with city public and has non-commercial nature.[92]
Regencies and cities ofSouth Kalimantan | ||
|---|---|---|
Capital:Banjarbaru | ||
| Regencies |  | |
| Cities | ||
Provincial capitals inIndonesia | ||
|---|---|---|
| Sumatra |  | |
| Java | ||
| Kalimantan | ||
| Lesser Sunda | ||
| Sulawesi | ||
| Maluku | ||
| Papua | ||
| Former provincial capitals | ||
