Abanderole (French:[bɑ̃dʁɔl]ⓘ, "little banner") is a comparatively small but longflag, historically used by knights and on ships, and as a heraldic device for representingbishops.
Bannerol, in its main uses, is the same as banderole, and is the term especially applied to banners about a yard square carried at the funerals of great men and placed over the tomb.[1][2] Often it commemorated a particular exploit of the person bearing thecoat of arms. Banderole (a wooden stick having one pointed end covered with metallic shoe) is used in conventional military survey. It's used to depict various stations established during carrying the survey forward. Double banderole are used to erect Survey Beacon.
A banderole is a small flag or streamer carried on the lance of aknight, or a long narrow flag, with cleft end, flying from the mast-head of a ship in battle.[1][2]
Inheraldry, a banderole is a streamer hanging from beneath the crook of a bishop's crosier and folding over the staff,[1][2] and for other small streamers or ribbons.[3]
The term is also used inart andarchitecture for aspeech scroll or streamer, representing a roll ofparchment carried by or surrounding a figure or object, for bearing an inscription, mainly during the medieval and Renaissance periods.[4] In particular banderoles were used as attributes forOld Testamentprophets, as may be seen in theSanta Trinita Maestà byCimabue, (Uffizi, 1280–90),Duccio'sMaestà (1308–11), and other works. The convention had a historical appropriateness, as the Old Testament was originally written onscrolls, whereas nearly all surviving New Testament manuscripts arecodices (like modern books). They may also be used for the words of angels, especiallyGabriel's greeting to Mary inAnnunciation scenes.[5]
In several countries, particularly in the Middle East and parts of Europe, the termbanderol orbandrol (derived from the Frenchbanderole) is also used in a modern administrative and legal sense to refer to an official tax stamp or excise seal applied to consumer goods. These “tax banderoles” are affixed to products such as cigarettes, alcoholic beverages, tea, and other excisable goods to certify that customs duties or domestic excise taxes have been paid, and to prevent counterfeiting and illicit trade.
In Turkey, for example, the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Trade use the termbandrol in legislation and in their regulatory systems for tax-control labels placed on books, CDs, tobacco products, and other taxable items. Similar usage is found in several post-Ottoman jurisdictions and in certain European excise systems where paper seals based on the same historical term remain in use.[6][7]
Attribution:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Banderole".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 312.