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Ballymacarrett orBallymacarret (from Irish Baile Mhic Gearóid 'MacGearóid's settlement')[1] is the name of both atownland andelectoral ward inBelfast,Northern Ireland. The townland is in the civil parish ofKnockbreda in the historicbarony ofCastlereagh Upper inCounty Down, and has existed since earlier than 1622.
The electoral ward is part of theTitanic district electoral area ofBelfast City Council. The ward was created in 1973, with most of the population coming from the former Pottinger ward. It was slightly enlarged in 1985, taking in part of the Island ward.
The ward consists of two distinct districts: Ballymacarrett, which is almost entirely Protestant, and theShort Strand which is almost entirely Catholic, with the two separated by apeaceline. Consequently, in the 2001 census, the Roman Catholic community background figure was 51%.
Set in the shadows of theHarland and Wolff cranes Samson & Goliath, large numbers of local men worked in the shipyard during its heyday. The area is also well known for 'Ulster's Freedom Corner', a series of loyalist murals.
Ballymacarrett has not always been part of Belfast. Even after its industry, infrastructure and population had become intertwined with the city, its official incorporation happened slowly in several stages, with Belfast often reluctant to take on the burden of the townland's population.[2] It was incorporated into the municipal boundary of Belfast in 1852.[3]
| Year | Population | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 1782 | 419 | [4] |
| 1791 | 1,208 | [5] |
| 1816 | 2,000 | [4] |
| 1824 | 4,363 | [6] |
| 1837 | 5,168 | [7] |
| 1841 | 6,697 | [6] |
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In 1622,James Hamilton (Viscount ofClandeboye) leased the townland of Ballymacarret to Richard and Henry Whitehead. Later leases were made to the merchant family Kelso from Ayr, Scotland. In 1672, ‘Balle maccarrett aliasBallincrat’ was sold to Thomas Pottinger, whose merchant family built the large Mountpottinger house in the townland.[5]
In 1744, the only two buildings described in Ballymacarrett were Mountpottinger and a mill.[7] Handloom weavers had built small cottages, forming a village at Ballymacarrett.[5] In 1776, glass works were opened on land reclaimed from the Lagan, and a pottery factory soon followed.[8][5] In 1799 the first vitriol works was established.[7] By 1791, the village had 257 houses and a population of 1,208.[5]
From around 1825, Ballymacarrett transformed rapidly from a rural village into a town. In 1836, 223 people in Ballymacarrett worked as labourers, earning an estimated yearly wage of £15 to £18 (£1800 to £2100 in 2023).[9] By 1837, the townland had 5168 inhabitants and a police station.[7] Industry in 1837 included:
BelfastPoor Law Union was formed on 1 June 1839 and assigned two out of 22 members of its Board of Guardians to Ballymacarrett. Ballymacarrett was greatly impacted by thefamine, but had difficulties obtaining government assistance because it was officially treated as separate from Belfast.[2] In 1840, the reforms of theMunicipal Corporations Act added Ballymacarrett to thecorporation of the town of Belfast.[3]
Ballymacarrett was incorporated into the municipal boundaries of Belfast in 1852.[3] In 1853, the landowner of the townland,Baron Templemore planned a sweeping redevelopment of the area, which would have replaced it with aplanned suburb. Templemore Avenue was built under this plan before the scheme was abandoned due to cost.[3][10]
In some ways the ward has been a microcosm of the Northern Ireland troubles. The June 1970 "Battle of Saint Matthew's" occupies an important place in Irish republican history after a gun battle betweenrepublicans andloyalists, who were accused of attacking the church. Loyalists counter this with claims that three Orange Order members were killed after returning from a parade. The Historical Enquiries Team (HET) confirmed the loyalist version of events. It is seen as one of the key developments in the rise to prominence of theProvisional IRA. Similarly on the Ballymacarrett side of the peaceline, Protestant residents have claimed that Republicans are engaged in attacks on Protestant homes which amount to 'ethnic cleansing' – claims which Republicans dispute and deny.[11]
Ballymacarrett and the nearby Newtownards Road played a key part in what became known as the2011 Northern Ireland riots. At first, the riots were only located in the area and were known as the2011 East Belfast riots but by July, the riots had spread to other parts of the country. During the riots, the Protestants in the area were going againstShort Strand Catholics.
Ballymacarrett was the location of theBallymacarrett Junction, a largerailway junction that served theBelfast and County Down Railway from itsQueens Quay terminus, toBangor in the north, and the mainline running south toComber,Downpatrick andNewcastle. There was also an interconnection over the river Lagan to theGreat Northern Railway and on toBelfast Central railway station.
Ballymacarrett was the scene of theBallymacarrett rail crash which occurred at 7.50am on 10 January 1945 when the 7.40am rail motor Holywood to Belfast crashed into the rear of the 7.10am Bangor to Belfast train. 22 passengers were killed, and 27 injured. The darkness and local fog were a factor but the driver of the rail motor was held to blame.
Ballymacarrett Halt railway station was located on the B&CDR route from Belfast toBangor. It opened on 1 May 1905, but closed on 9 May 1977,[12] when the adjacentBridge End railway station opened.
54°36′05″N5°54′21″W / 54.6014°N 5.9058°W /54.6014; -5.9058