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Balkan Pact

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

1934 treaty among various Balkan nations to maintain the post-WWI status quo

For the 1953 pact, seeBalkan Pact (1953).

Balkan Entente Βαλκανικό Σύμφωνο (Greek) Înțelegerea Balcanică (Romanian) Balkan Antantı (Turkish) Балкански пакт/Balkanski pakt (Serbo-Croatian)
1934–1941
Members of the Balkan Pact Balkan Pact: Greece Romania Turkey Yugoslavia
Status	Military alliance
Historical era	Interwar

• Formation	9 February 1934
• Axis invasion of Yugoslavia	6 April 1941

Events leading to World War II
1910s Treaty of Versailles 1919 Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye 1919 Polish–Soviet War 1919–1920 Polish–Lithuanian War 1919–1920
1920s Treaty of Trianon 1920 Treaty of Rapallo 1920 Franco-Polish alliance 1921 March on Rome 1922 Corfu incident 1923 Occupation of the Ruhr 1923–1925 Mein Kampf 1925 Second Italo-Senussi War 1923–1932 Dawes Plan 1924 Locarno Treaties 1925 Young Plan 1929 Great Depression 1929
1930s Japanese invasion of Manchuria 1931 Pacification of Manchukuo 1931–1942 January 28 incident 1932 Geneva Conference 1932–1934 Defense of the Great Wall 1933 Battle of Rehe 1933 Nazis' rise to power in Germany 1933 Tanggu Truce 1933 Italo-Soviet Pact 1933 Inner Mongolian Campaign 1933–1936 German–Polish declaration of non-aggression 1934 Franco-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance 1935 Soviet–Czechoslovakia Treaty of Mutual Assistance 1935 He–Umezu Agreement 1935 Anglo-German Naval Agreement 1935 December 9th Movement Second Italo-Ethiopian War 1935–1936 Remilitarization of the Rhineland 1936 Arab revolt in Palestine 1936–1939 Spanish Civil War 1936–1939 Italo-German "Axis" protocol 1936 Anti-Comintern Pact 1936 Suiyuan campaign 1936 Xi'an Incident 1936 Second Sino-Japanese War 1937–1945 USSPanay incident 1937 Anschluss Mar. 1938 Polish ultimatum to Lithuania Mar. 1938 May Crisis May 1938 Battle of Lake Khasan July–Aug. 1938 Bled Agreement Aug. 1938 Undeclared German–Czechoslovak War Sep. 1938 Munich Agreement Sep. 1938 First Vienna Award Nov. 1938 German occupation of Czechoslovakia Mar. 1939 Hungarian invasion of Carpatho-Ukraine Mar. 1939 German ultimatum to Lithuania Mar. 1939 Slovak–Hungarian War Mar. 1939 Final offensive of the Spanish Civil War Mar.–Apr. 1939 Danzig Crisis Mar.–Aug. 1939 British guarantee to Poland Mar. 1939 Italian invasion of Albania Apr. 1939 Soviet–British–French Moscow negotiations Apr.–Aug. 1939 Pact of Steel May 1939 Battles of Khalkhin Gol May–Sep. 1939 Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact Aug. 1939 1939 German ultimatum to Poland Gleiwitz incident Invasion of Poland Sep. 1939
v t e

TheBalkan Pact, orBalkan Entente, was atreaty signed byGreece,Romania,Turkey andYugoslavia on 9 February 1934^[1] inAthens,^[2] aimed at maintaining the geopoliticalstatus quo in the region after the end ofWorld War I. To present a united front againstBulgarian designs on their territories, the signatories agreed to suspend all disputedterritorial claims against one another and their immediate neighbours following the aftermath of the war and a rise in various regionalirredentist tensions.

Nations which refused to sign the treaty

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Other nations in the region that had been involved in related diplomacy refused to sign the document, includingItaly,Albania,Bulgaria,Hungary and theSoviet Union. The pact became effective on the day that it was signed and was registered in theLeague of Nations Treaty Series on 1 October 1934.^[3]

Effects and decision to allow Bulgaria to rearm

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The Balkan Pact helped to ensure peace between the signatory nations but failed to end regional intrigues. Although the pact was designed against Bulgaria, on 31 July 1938, its members signed theSalonika Agreement with Bulgaria, which repealed the clauses of theTreaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine andTreaty of Lausanne that had mandated demilitarised zones at Bulgaria's borders with Greece and Turkey, which allowed Bulgaria to rearm.

Collapse with the invasion of Yugoslavia and the occupation of Greece

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With the 1940Treaty of Craiova signed by Romania under Nazi Germany's pressure, and after the 1941Axis invasions of Yugoslavia andGreece, the pact effectively ceased to exist and Turkey remained as its only signatory that had avoided any conflict during WWII, even after joining theAllies in 1945.

References

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^Pact of Balkan Agreement Between Yugoslavia, Greece, Romania and Turkey Archived 2014-02-22 at theWayback Machine
^Army History Directorate,An Abridged History of the Greek-Italian and Greek-German War, 1940–1941: Land Operations, Hellenic Army General Staff, Army History Directorate, 1997,p. 2.
^League of Nations Treaty Series, vol. 153, pp. 154-159.

External links

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v t e Treaties of Turkey
During the War of Independence	Treaty of Alexandropol (Gyumri) Cilicia Peace Treaty Treaty of Moscow Treaty of Kars Treaty of Ankara (1921) Armistice of Mudanya Treaty of Lausanne
After Proclamation of the Republic	Greco-Turkish Friendship Agreement Treaty of Ankara (1926) Balkan Pact Montreux Convention Treaty of Saadabad German–Turkish Treaty of Friendship Zürich and London Agreements Ankara Agreement Agreement on Strategic Partnership and Mutual Support
Turkey portal Treaties of the Ottoman Empire

Foreign relations of Yugoslavia

Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

Africa

Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia

Americas

Asia-Pacific

Europe

Multilateral

Kingdom of Yugoslavia	Little Entente First Balkan Pact Tripartite Pact World War II Allies
SFR Yugoslavia	OECD observer Group of 77 Group of 15 The Alps-Adriatic Working Group Organisation of African Unity Group of Nine Central European Initiative Second Balkan Pact European Economic Community Non-Aligned Movement(Brioni Meeting •1st Summit •9th Summit) Neutral and Non-Aligned European States United Nations Danube River Conference of 1948

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Nations which refused to sign the treaty

Effects and decision to allow Bulgaria to rearm

Collapse with the invasion of Yugoslavia and the occupation of Greece

See also

References

External links