Baliwag Baliuag | |
|---|---|
| City of Baliwag[1] | |
.jpg)    .jpg)  (From top, left to right):Mariano Ponce Museum • SM City Baliwag • Ang Baliwag kay Rizal Monument •Mariano Ponce Monument •Baliwag Church • Baliwag City Hall | |
.png) Flag  Seal | |
| Nickname: Buntal Hat Capital of the Philippines | |
| Motto: Dugong Baliwag, Pusong Baliwag (English: Baliwag by blood, Baliwag by heart) | |
 Map of Bulacan with Baliwag highlighted | |
OpenStreetMap  | |
.svg)  Baliwag Location within thePhilippines | |
| Coordinates:14°57′14″N120°54′04″E / 14.954°N 120.901°E /14.954; 120.901 | |
| Country | Philippines |
| Region | Central Luzon |
| Province | Bulacan |
| District | 2nd district |
| Founded | May 26, 1733 |
| Cityhood | December 17, 2022 |
| Barangays | 27 (seeBarangays) |
| Government | |
| • Type | Sangguniang Panlungsod |
| • Mayor | Sonia V. Estrella |
| • Vice Mayor | Ferdinand V. Estrella |
| • Representative | Augustina Dominique C. Pancho |
| • City Council | Members
|
| • Electorate | 114,839 voters (2025) |
| Area | |
• Total | 45.05 km2 (17.39 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 18 m (59 ft) |
| Highest elevation | 44 m (144 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 8 m (26 ft) |
| Population (2024 census)[4] | |
• Total | 174,194 |
| • Density | 3,867/km2 (10,010/sq mi) |
| • Households | 43,789 |
| Demonyms | Baliwageño (male) Baliwageña (female) Baliwagenean |
| Economy | |
| • Poverty incidence | 11.2 |
| • Revenue | ₱ 828.3 million (2022) |
| • Assets | ₱ 1,377 million (2022) |
| • Expenditure | ₱ 754.9 million (2022) |
| • Liabilities | ₱ 556.8 million (2022) |
| Utilities | |
| • Electricity | Meralco |
| • Water | Baliwag Water District |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (PST) |
| ZIP code | 3006 |
| PSGC | |
| IDD : area code | +63 (0)44 |
| Native languages | Tagalog Kapampangan |
Baliwag, officially theCity of Baliwag (Tagalog:[bɐˈliʊag];Filipino:Lungsod ng Baliwag,Kapampangan:Lakanbalen ning Baliwag/Siudad ning Baliwag, also spelled asBaliuag), is acomponent city in the province ofBulacan, Philippines. According to the 2024 census, it has a population of 174,194 people.[6]
The name Baliwag, hispanized asBaliuag, is an old Kapampangan word for "untouched."[7] It was founded in 1732 by Augustinian friars and was incorporated by the Spanish Governor-General on May 26, 1733. It was carved out from the town of Quingua (nowPlaridel).
Through the years of Spanish domination, Baliuag was predominantly agricultural. People had to depend on rice farming for the main source of livelihood. Orchards andtumanas yielded fruits and vegetables, which were sold in the public market. Commerce and industry also played important contributions to the economy of the people. Buntal hat weaving in Baliwag together with silk weaving popularly known in the world as Thai silk; the manufacturer of cigar cases, piña fibers, petates (mats), and Sillas de Bejucos (cane chairs) all of the fine quality became known in many parts of the world. The local market also grew. During the early part of the 19th century, Baliwag was already considered one of the most progressive and richest towns in Bulacan. The growth of the public market has significantly changed the model of the economy of the city.
Baliwag is the major commerce, transportation, entertainment, and educational center of Northern Bulacan.
On July 22, 2022, Republic Act No. 11929 lapsed into law. The said measure converted the municipality into a component city and standardized its name as the City of Baliwag.[8] On December 17, 2022, a plebiscite was held,[9] 17,814 residents voted in favor of conversion to a component city while only 5,702 voted against.
Fr. Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga, OSA, a friar, in his "1803 Historia de las Islas Filipinas"[10] wrote that the Convent or Parochial house of San Agustin, in Baliuag, is the best in the whole Archipelago and that no edifice in Manila can be compared to it in symmetry and beauty amid its toweringbelfry, having been a viewing point of the town's panorama. The frayle further stated that the Convent was a repository of priceless parish records that dated to the founding of Baliuag as apueblo orparrochia by the OSA or Augustinians in 1733. But the first convent was erected at Barangay Santa Barbara, Baliuag before the Parokya was formally established at the now Plaza Naning, Poblacion.
Fr. Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga arrived in the Philippines on August 3, 1786, and visited Baliuag on February 17, 1802, withIgnacio Maria de Álava y Sáenz de Navarrete. Their host was Baliuag's Parish Priest, Fray Esteban Diez Hidalgo.[11] Fr. Diez served as the longestcura parroco of Baliuag from 1789, having built the church and convent from 1790 to 1801.
Spanish records "Apuntes históricos de la provincia augustiniana del Santísimo Nombre de Jesús de Filipinas"[12] reveal that Fr. Juan de Albarran, OSA was assigned Parish Priest of Baliuag in 1733. The first baptism in Baliuag Church was ordered by Fr. Lector and Fr. Feliz Trillo, Provincial of the Province on June 7, 1733, while Baliuag was founded and began itsde jure existence on May 26, 1733. Thepueblo or town was created in the provincial Chapter on May 15, 1734, with the appointment of Fr. Manuel Bazeta/Baseta as firstcura parroco.[13]
In 1769–1774, the Church of Baliuag was built by Father Gregorio Giner. The present structure (the third church to be rebuilt, due to considerable damage during the1880 Luzon earthquakes) was later rebuilt by Father Esteban Diaz using mortar and stone. The 1866Belfry was also completed by Father Matias Novoa but the July 19, 1880, quake damaged the same which was later repaired by Father Thomas Gresa.[14][15]
The earthquake of June 3, 1863, one of the strongest to ever hit Manila, destroyed the Governor's Palace inIntramuros. Malacañang then became the permanent residence of the head of the country. The massive quake also damaged the Baliuag Church.[16] In 1870, the reconstruction began when a temporary house of worship, the “Provincial”, along Año 1733 street, emerged as a narrow, and simple edifice which later used by theRVM Sisters of the Colegio de la Sagrada Familia (nowSt. Mary's College of Baliuag) as the classroom. Antonio de Mesa, “Maestrong Tonio" fabricated the parts to have finished the Spanish-era Baliuag Church.
Baliwag City was the 10th town founded by the Augustinians in the province of Bulacan.[17]
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Baliuag had 30 curates (1733–1898): Fr. Esteban Diez Hidalgo and Fr. Fausto Lopez served 40 and 24 years, respectively. Fr. Lopez had 6 children with a beautiful native, Mariquita: Dr.Joaquin Gonzalez, Francisco, the former Assemblyman Ricardo Lloret Gonzales (Legislative districts of Bulacan,5th Philippine Legislature), and Jose the eldest who was widely known as “Pepeng Mariquita", inter alia. Spanishcura parroco, Fr. Ysidoro Prada served in Baliuag during the last decade of the Spaniard regime.
The Philippine-American civil and military authorities supervised the first municipal elections, having chosen Baliuag as the site of the1899 Philippine local elections, the first Philippine elections of May 7, 1899. Francisco Guererro was elected the First Presidente Municipal.[18] The Filipinos gathered at the plaza of the St. Augustine Church after the Holy Mass, and thereafter the officials were selected based on the qualifications for voters set by the Americans.[19]
The first townGobernadorcillo (1789 title) of Baliuag was Cap. Jose de Guzman.[20] He was assisted by the Tribunal'steniente mayor (chief lieutenant),juez de ganadas (judge of the cattle),juez de sementeras (judge of the field) andjuez de policia (judge of the police). In theHistory of the Philippines (1521–1898), the 1893Maura Law, the title ofGobernadorcillo became "capitan municipal" and that of eachjuez toteniente. From Baliuag's independence from Quingua, nowPlaridel, Bulacan to 1898, 49 served ascapitan, 13alcalde and 92 asGobernadorcillo. Felix de Lara (1782) and Agustin de Castro (1789) were the 1stalcalde andGobernadorcillo, respectively. Municipal President Fernando Enrile, in 1908, honored some of these officials, even naming some of Baliuagcalles in their honor, later. But all these political officials remained under the thumbs and the habito, of the autocratic Augustinian friars, the Baliuag Kura Parokos.
Mariano Ponce was a native of Baliuag. He was a founding member of thePropaganda Movement together withJosé Rizal andMarcelo del Pilar; a former assemblyman of the second district of Bulacan to thePhilippine Assembly; and the co-founder ofLa Solidaridad with fellow co-founderGraciano López-Jaena. His most common names are Naning (the Plaza Naning in Baliuag being named after his nickname); Kalipulako, named after theCebuano heroLapulapu; and Tagibalang or Tigbalang (Tikbalang), a supernatural being inFilipino folklore.[21]
The local government of Baliuag used as first Municipio under the American regime (History of the Philippines (1898–1946)) the Mariano Yoyongko (Gobernadorcillo in 1885) Principalia in Poblacion (now a part of the market site), which it bought from Yoyongko.[22]
On September 15, 1915, Baliuag municipality bought the heritage mansion and a lot of Dr.Joaquin Gonzalez. The Gonzalez old mansion served asLumang Municipio (the Old Municipio or Town Hall Building, as the seat of the local government) for 65 years. It is now theBaliuag Museum and Library.
Baliuag produced not less than 30 priests, including 3 during the Spanish-Dominican, and 2 Jesuits during the American regimes.
Jeorge Allan R. Tengco and Amy R. Tengco (wife of Lito S. Tengco), philanthropists, owners ofBaliwag Transit and other chains of business establishments had been conferred thePapal Orders of Chivalry October 3, 2000Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice and the 2012 Dame of theOrder of St. Gregory the Great awards.[23]
On June 16, 1995, communist guerrilla Melencio Salamat Jr., a local leader of theNew People's Army (NPA) in Bulacan, surrendered to the authorities along with 94 other members of the NPA at the Baliwag municipal building. Prior to the surrender, Salamat's group was responsible for collecting "revolutionary taxes" from residents along the coastal towns of Bulacan, and had chosen to give up arms after NPA officials were killed on April 28 in Barangay Catulinan, Baliwag.[24]
In 2018, the Sangguniang Bayan filed a resolution to request Bulacan 2nd District Representative Gavini Pancho, to file a house bill to convert Baliuag into a city.[25]
Representatives Eric Go Yap (ACT-CIS Partylist) andPaolo Duterte (Davao City–1st) filed House Bill No. 7362, seeking to convert Baliuag into a city.[26] House Bill No. 7362 was filed last August 12, 2020, for the conversion of the municipality of Baliuag into a component city in the province of Bulacan.[27] House Bill No. 10444, filed by the three aforementioned representatives, was concurred by the Senate and submitted to the President for signature on June 29, 2022, a day before the end of the 18th Congress.[28]
The bill lapsed into law without the President's signature on July 30, 2022 as Republic Act No. 11929.[29] The plebiscite was originally set by theCommission on Elections on January 14, 2023, but its date was later moved to December 17, 2022, following the postponement of theDecember 2022 Barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan Elections to October 2023.[30][31][32]
Despite having a low voter turnout,[33] majority of participated voters ratified the cityhood, making Baliwag theBulacan's fourth component city andthe country's 148th.[34][35][36]
| Choice | Votes | % |
|---|---|---|
 Yes | 17,814 | 75.75 |
| No | 5,702 | 24.25 |
| Valid votes | 23,516 | 99.8% |
| Invalid or blank votes | 46 | 0.2% |
| Total votes | 23,562 | 100.00 |
| Registered voters/turnout | 108,572 | 21.7% |
| Source:Press statement from theCOMELEC .news article fromCNN Philippines | ||
With the continuous expansion ofMetro Manila, Baliwag is part ofManila's built-up area which reachesSan Ildefonso, Bulacan at its northernmost part.
Baliwag is 28 kilometres (17 mi) fromMalolos, 51 kilometres (32 mi) fromManila, and 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) fromPulilan.
Baliwag is politically subdivided into 27barangays, as shown in the matrix below. Each barangay consists ofpuroks and some havesitios.
| PSGC | Barangay | Population | ±% p.a. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024[37] | 2010[38] | |||||
| 031403001 | Bagong Nayon | 3.2% | 5,616 | 5,994 | ▾ | −0.45% |
| 031403002 | Barangca | 1.8% | 3,051 | 2,742 | ▴ | 0.74% |
| 031403003 | Calantipay | 1.6% | 2,784 | 2,613 | ▴ | 0.44% |
| 031403004 | Catulinan | 1.1% | 1,916 | 1,769 | ▴ | 0.55% |
| 031403005 | Concepcion | 5.7% | 9,933 | 9,585 | ▴ | 0.25% |
| 031403006 | Hinukay | 1.2% | 2,140 | 1,419 | ▴ | 2.86% |
| 031403007 | Makinabang | 6.7% | 11,715 | 11,196 | ▴ | 0.31% |
| 031403008 | Matangtubig | 1.5% | 2,630 | 2,859 | ▾ | −0.57% |
| 031403010 | Pagala | 2.2% | 3,843 | 3,139 | ▴ | 1.40% |
| 031403011 | Paitan | 0.9% | 1,517 | 1,440 | ▴ | 0.36% |
| 031403012 | Piel | 1.3% | 2,229 | 1,955 | ▴ | 0.90% |
| 031403013 | Pinagbarilan | 3.1% | 5,357 | 5,178 | ▴ | 0.23% |
| 031403014 | Poblacion | 5.4% | 9,448 | 9,668 | ▾ | −0.16% |
| 031403016 | Sabang | 6.5% | 11,350 | 11,960 | ▾ | −0.36% |
| 031403017 | San Jose | 3.8% | 6,575 | 5,346 | ▴ | 1.43% |
| 031403018 | San Roque | 2.0% | 3,554 | 3,402 | ▴ | 0.30% |
| 031403019 | Santa Barbara | 6.7% | 11,676 | 11,568 | ▴ | 0.06% |
| 031403020 | Santo Cristo | 5.1% | 8,840 | 8,650 | ▴ | 0.15% |
| 031403021 | Santo Niño | 2.2% | 3,818 | 3,470 | ▴ | 0.66% |
| 031403022 | Subic | 3.2% | 5,506 | 4,550 | ▴ | 1.32% |
| 031403023 | Sulivan | 2.9% | 5,070 | 4,776 | ▴ | 0.41% |
| 031403024 | Tangos | 3.3% | 5,699 | 5,578 | ▴ | 0.15% |
| 031403025 | Tarcan | 4.2% | 7,333 | 6,892 | ▴ | 0.43% |
| 031403026 | Tiaong | 2.9% | 5,006 | 4,903 | ▴ | 0.14% |
| 031403027 | Tibag | 1.7% | 3,014 | 3,746 | ▾ | −1.48% |
| 031403028 | Tilapayong | 1.9% | 3,389 | 2,494 | ▴ | 2.13% |
| 031403030 | Virgen delas Flores | 4.0% | 6,945 | 6,673 | ▴ | 0.27% |
| Total | 174,194 | 143,565 | ▴ | 1.34% | ||
| Climate data for Baliwag | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 28 (82) | 29 (84) | 31 (88) | 33 (91) | 32 (90) | 31 (88) | 30 (86) | 29 (84) | 29 (84) | 30 (86) | 30 (86) | 28 (82) | 30 (86) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 20 (68) | 20 (68) | 21 (70) | 22 (72) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 24 (75) | 23 (73) | 22 (72) | 21 (70) | 22 (72) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 6 (0.2) | 4 (0.2) | 6 (0.2) | 17 (0.7) | 82 (3.2) | 122 (4.8) | 151 (5.9) | 123 (4.8) | 124 (4.9) | 99 (3.9) | 37 (1.5) | 21 (0.8) | 792 (31.1) |
| Average rainy days | 3.3 | 2.5 | 11.7 | 6.6 | 17.7 | 22.2 | 25.2 | 23.7 | 23.2 | 17.9 | 9.2 | 5.2 | 168.4 |
| Source: Meteoblue[39] | |||||||||||||
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1903 | 15,936 | — |
| 1918 | 18,254 | +0.91% |
| 1939 | 22,972 | +1.10% |
| 1948 | 30,670 | +3.26% |
| 1960 | 37,409 | +1.67% |
| 1970 | 52,133 | +3.37% |
| 1975 | 61,624 | +3.41% |
| 1980 | 70,555 | +2.74% |
| 1990 | 89,719 | +2.43% |
| 1995 | 103,054 | +2.63% |
| 2000 | 119,675 | +3.26% |
| 2007 | 136,982 | +1.88% |
| 2010 | 143,565 | +1.72% |
| 2015 | 149,954 | +0.83% |
| 2020 | 168,470 | +2.48% |
| 2024 | 174,194 | +0.81% |
| Source:Philippine Statistics Authority[40][41][38][42][43] | ||
In the 2020 census, the population of Baliwag, Bulacan, was 168,470 people,[44] with a density of 3,700 inhabitants per square kilometer or 9,600 inhabitants per square mile.
Baliwag at present has sixRoman Catholic parishes, a sub-parish and a quasi-parish under the administration ofDiocese of Malolos. Their patron saint of Baliwag isSt. Augustine because Baliwag was founded by theAugustinians in 1733. Other Christian denominations are also present in the city, includingIglesia ni Cristo,The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,Members Church of God International,Bible Baptist Church and Evangelical Christianity.
Economy of Baliwag, Bulacan | |
|---|---|
   Baliwag Town Proper | |
2017 Financial Highlights[45] | |
Financial Conditions | |
Results of Operations | |
Sources and Application of Funds | |
Poverty incidence of Baliwag
Source:Philippine Statistics Authority[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]
| Position | Name | Party | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mayor | Sonia V. Estrella | NUP | |
| Vice Mayor | Ferdinand "Ferdie" V. Estrella | NUP | |
| Councilors | Jose Noel "Joel" S. Pascual | NUP | |
| Rodrigo "Ogie" E. Baltazar | NUP | ||
| Dr. Katherine "Kitchie" A. Angelo-Dela Cruz | NUP | ||
| Ron Harold "Ron Bata" P. Cruz | NUP | ||
| Marie Nelle "Bhang" S. Imperial | NUP | ||
| Karlo Kenneth "Kenneth" M. Cruz | NUP | ||
| Lowell C. Tagle | NUP | ||
| Antonio "Tony" S. Patawaran | NUP | ||
| Dr. Carolina "Carol" L. Dellosa | PPM | ||
| Andronicus "Consi Ron" O. Cruz | PPM | ||
| Ex Officio Municipal Council Members | |||
| ABC President | Michael R. Lopez (Santo Cristo) | Nonpartisan | |
| SK Federation President | Jerome D.P. Gonzales (Concepcion) | Nonpartisan | |
| No. | Presidente Municipal | Took office | Left office |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Francisco Guerrero | 1899 | 1899 |
| 2 | Jose Rustia | 1900 | 1900 |
| 3 | Ancieto Valencia | 1901 | 1903 |
| 4 | Dr. Domingo M. Enrile | 1904 | 1905 |
| 5 | Jose Lajom | 1906 | 1907 |
| 6 | Fernando Enrile | 1908 | 1909 |
| 7 | Martin H. Prado | 1910 | 1912 |
| 8 | Juan Racelis | 1913 | 1918 |
| 9 | Pablo Camacho | 1919 | 1922 |
| 10 | Emilio Rustia | 1922 | 1925 |
| 11 | Pedro R. Mateo | 1925 | 1930 |
| 12 | Dr. Peregrino E. Sauco | 1931 | 1934 |
| 13 | Atty. Wenceslao Ortega | 1934 | 1937 |
| No. | Alcalde | Took office | Left office |
| 1 | Dr. Guilermo dela Merced | 1938 | 1941 |
| 2 | Rafael Chico | 1942 | 1945 |
| No. | Municipal Mayors | Took office | Left office |
| 1 | Maj. Servando C. Santos | 1946 | 1955 |
| 2 | Roberto E. Chico | 1956 | 1959 |
| 3 | Felix R. Tiongson | 1960 | 1963 |
| 4 | Roberto E. Chico | 1964 | 1967 |
| 5 | Florentino Vergel de Dios | 1968 | March 1980 |
| 6 | Dominador Enrile | March 1980 | September 20, 1981[55] |
| 7 | Leonardo C. Mananghaya | September 20, 1981 | May 1986 |
| 8 | Atty. Emilio Camacho Santos (OIC) | May 1986 | February 1988 |
| 9 | Reynaldo S. del Rosario | February 1988 | June 30, 1992 |
| 10 | Cornelio P. Trinidad | June 30, 1992 | November 16, 1994[56] |
| 11 | Edilberto S. Tengco | November 16, 1994 | June 30, 1998 |
| 12 | Rolando F. Salvador | June 30, 1998 | June 30, 2004 |
| 13 | Romeo M. Estrella | June 30, 2004 | June 30, 2013 |
| 14 | Carolina L. Dellosa, M.D. | June 30, 2013 | June 30, 2016 |
| 15 | Ferdinand V. Estrella | June 30, 2016 | December 17, 2022 |
| No. | City Mayors | Took office | Left office |
| 1 | Ferdinand V. Estrella | December 17, 2022 | June 30, 2025 |
| 2 | Sonia V. Estrella | June 30, 2025 | present |
According to Republic Act No. 11929, the official seal of the city shall be circular in form with the dominant colors of green and blue representing the city's vision to promote economic and social progress, sustainable development, and technological advancement. The year 2022 at the center upper part of the official seal indicates the year that Baliwag became a component city. The building structure represents the facade of the town’s seat of government. On top of this image is the year 1733, when Baliwag was founded by the Augustinians. The official seal shall display rice stalks to indicate that the City of Baliwag maintains its commitment to national food security as one of the top rice yielders in the Province of Bulacan. The Baliwag buntal hat, a product woven in this City and is regarded as superior in quality to other types of buntal hats produced in the country, is likewise depicted in the official seal. The City of Baliwag may alter its official seal, provided that any change of the seal shall be approved by Congress and registered with the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG).[57]
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Buntal Hat Festival is a celebration of the culture ofbuntal hat making in the city that is simultaneously celebrated with Mother's Day annually. Early versions of the buntal hat were wide-brimmed farmer's hats and used unsoftened strips of buntal fiber. The industry expanded into Baliwag, Bulacan between 1907 and 1909, originally introduced by Mariano Deveza who originally hailed from Lucban, Quezon. Colorful and grandiose decorations and street dancing are the highlights of this celebration.
Public transportation in Baliwag is served by provincial buses,jeepneys,UV Express AUVs, and intra-municipaltricycles.
Baliwag Transit, Inc., one of the largest bus transportation system in the Philippines, is headquartered in Barangay Tibag. It mainly services routes to and from Metro Manila and Central Luzon.
There are three major transport lines in the municipality: The Baliwag - Candaba (Benigno S. Aquino Avenue) road going to Pampanga (from the Downtown Baliwag to Candaba Town Proper), the Old Cagayan Valley road (Calle Rizal) and theDona Remedios Trinidad Highway (N1, AH26) going to Manila and Nueva Ecija. The city is located 52 kilometers north of Manila, the capital of the Philippines.
The Baliwag Schools Division Office governs all educational institutions within the municipality. It oversees the management and operations of all private and public, from primary to secondary schools.[58]
One of the two mayors running simultaneously the government of Baliuag, Bulacan — Cornelio P. Trinidad — died of a liver ailment at a private hospital in Manila on Wednesday evening [November 16].
Places adjacent to Baliwag | |
|---|---|
