Kabisurjya Baladeba Ratha | |
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.jpg) Kabisurjya Baladeba Ratha depicted in a palm leaf manuscript by 19th-century chitrakāra master Raghunath Prusti | |
| Born | Athagadapatana, Kabisuryanagar [Ganjam]],Odisha, India |
| Died | Athagada Patana Ganjam,Odisha, India |
| Language | Odia |
| Genre | Odissi music |
| Notable works | Kishorachandrananda Champu, Ratnakara Champu, Chandrakala, Sarpa Janana |
KabisurjyaBaladeba Ratha (alternatively spelledKabisurya, Kavisurya Baladev Rath, Kabisūrjya Baḷadeba Ratha,Odia:[kɔbisurd͡ʒjɔbɔl̪ɔd̪ebɔɾɔt̪ʰɔ]ⓘ; c. 1789 – 1845) was an Indian poet who wrote in theOdia language, and a composer and musician ofOdissi music, most known as poet-composer of theChampu. Kabisurjya has composed hundreds of songs in the tradition ofOdissi music, employing unique traditional ragas & talas. His magnum opusKisorachandrananda Champu is a cornerstone of the Odissi music repertoire & Kabisurjya is widely renowned for his masterful compositions. He wrote in bothSanskrit andOdia. His works are known for their devotional quotient and he is the credited founder of theDhumpa Sangita tradition.[1]
He was born at Athagadapatana, Kabisuryanagar,Ganjam, Odisha. Baladeva Ratha's mother died when he was ten years old. He was brought up by his maternal grand father, Tripurari Hota in Athagada (who also taught him Sanskrit and Odia literature). He married at the age of 15. After his father's death, he moved to the nearby Jalantara state. The prince of Jalantara, Rama Chandra Chhotaraya encouraged his literary creations and gave him the title 'Kabisurjya', meaning 'The Sun among Poets.'
Ratha was anOdissi musician and scholar. He composed poems as aVaishnava, in devotion to Lord Vishnu. He was associated with a group of poets, which included Dinakrushna Dasa and Abhimanyu Samantasinghara.[2] His best-known works includeKabisurjya Granthavali,Kabisurjya Geetabali andKisora Chandrananda Chaupadi-Chautisa, which combines the two literary forms ofchaupadi (a poem having four stanzas (though the term came to refer to any short song in latter times), andchautisa (a 34-stanza poem where every stanza begins with a new letter of theOdia alphabet).Kisora Chandrananda Champu is noted for its emotional quotient and the role it played in enforcing theriti school of Sanskrit literature. He was also the author of severalchampus includingRatnakara Champu,Premodaya Champu andKisora Chandrananda Champu.[3][4]Kisora Chandrananda Champu has both Odia and Sanskrit compositions and it was the Odia part of the work that has been credited with cementing his literary reputation in the language.[2]
| Oṛiśī Sangīta |
| Odissi music |
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 MahāprabhuJagannātha |
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Ratha is thought to have invented thedhumpa, abamboopercussion instrument, that accompanies theOdia folk art form of dhumpa sangita. The dhumpa accompanies recitations of his songs calleddhumpa sangeeta.[5][6] Many of his poetic pieces, especially thechampu are set to dance inOdissi.[7][8][9]
Ratha died in Brahmapur (Berhampur,Odisha) in the year 1845.[3] Dasarathi Das'Kabisurjya Baladeba Ratha is a biography that examines his life and contributions toIndian literature.[10]Kabisuryanagar, formerly Boirani, a town in the Ganjam district ofOdisha has been named in his honour.[11]
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