Balıkesir Province (Turkish:Balıkesir ili) is aprovince andmetropolitan municipality in northwesternTurkey with coastlines on both theSea of Marmara and theAegean. Its area is 14,583 km2,[2] and its population is 1,276,096 (2024).[1] Its adjacent provinces areÇanakkale to the west,İzmir to the southwest,Manisa to the south,Kütahya to the southeast, andBursa to the east. The provincial capital isBalıkesir. Most of the province lies in theMarmara Region except the southern parts of Bigadiç Edremit, Kepsut, İvrindi, Savaştepe and Sındırgı districts and ones of Ayvalık, Burhaniye, Dursunbey, Gömeç and Havran, that bound theAegean Region.Kaz Dağı (pronounced[kazdaːɯ]), known also as Mount Ida, is located in this province. Balıkesir province is famous for itsolives,thermal spas, and clean beaches, making it an important tourist destination. The province also hosts immense deposits ofkaolinite andborax, with someopen-pit mines. The Kaz mountains are also threatened with the expansion of gold mining using cyanide which puts the villagers' lives, theagricultural economy, andtourism at risk.
Balıkesir is home to a number of natural attractions, includingKuş Cenneti (bird sanctuary) National Park; the bays of Erdek, Bandırma, and Edremit; Ayvalık's coastal beaches; Şeytan Sofrası, Marmara Islands, Alibey (Cunda) Island; the Erdek and Gönen open-air museums; Pamukçu-Bengi, Balya Dağ, Hisar, Hisarköy (Asarköy), Karağaç (Uyuz), Kepekler hot springs, Dutluca Village mineral springs, and Zeytinli Ada hot springs and mineral water springs.
Among the cultural attractions of Balıkesir are the ruins ofCyzicus and Saraylar on the Sea of Marmara,Dascylium (near Bandırma/Ereğli), andAntandrus (near Edremit/Altınoluk); Balıkesir's Yıldırım Mosque (Eski Cami), theZagan Pasha Mosque complex, Clocked Church Mosque and quantity of Ottoman vernacular architecture at Ayvalık, and Alibey Mosque (Çınarlı Cami).The Kuş Cenneti National Park nearLake Manyas is an ornithological site where 266 different species of birds flourish – every year over three million birds fly through there. There are horse breeding farms 13 km southeast of Bandırma, in Karacabey.[citation needed]
There are a city museum and a fine arts centre in Balıkesir. Also, there are several camping facilities inErdek,Altınoluk,Akçay,Güre, andÖren.[7]
Around the Gulf of Edremit in Balıkesir province are some of the coastlines where encircled by clear waters and sandy beaches and silvery green olive groves. Ayvalık, a holiday towns on this coastline, is located in the midst of pine and olive trees. Its houses ornamented with wood and stone. Cunda Island, linked to Ayvalık via a bridge, is known for its sunsets, seafood and taverns.[citation needed] Şeytan Sofrası (Devil's Table), so called because it is set on a tableshaped hill formed from lava, offers a panoramic view over the 22 islands in Ayvalık Bay. A footprint, enclosed by iron bars, is said to be that of the devil himself. There are sandy beaches approximately 6 km south of the town in the Sarımsaklı area. Altınkum, meaning "golden sand", is a beach in this district. It has restaurants and bars for entertainment. There is also an attractive street market in the centre of the resort and lots of shops.[8]
Burhaniye, Ören, Edremit, Akçay and Altınoluk are also among the holiday towns which attract vacationers interested in a holiday with scenery and historical, archaeological sites.
Balıkesir and its districts, besides the wealth of thermal resources, have healing waters with reputed physical and chemical compositions.[9]
Many spas which claim to have health-promoting features surround the city, includingPamukçu and Ilıca. The center of the city also contains the historical Turkish "Pasha Hamami" bath, which is still in use. Some of these thermal resources located in;
55 km southwest of Bandırma is Gönen, one of Turkey's most important thermal resorts.[citation needed] The fact that the springs were used even in Roman times is witnessed by a 5th-century mosaic from what was originally a Roman bath. The waters come from 500 m below ground surfacing at a temperature of approximately 82 °C.
The foundation ofBalıkesir University trace back to Karesi Teacher School established in 1910. This school has been carried to the building which is used as Necatibey Faculty of Education with particular interests of the Minister of Education,Mustafa Necati. Till 1982, the number of higher education institutes reached 4: Necati Institution of Education, Architecture and Engineering State Academy, Balıkesir School of Industry and Tourism, Balıkesir Vocational School. These foundations changed status with Delegated Legislation No 41 and were connected toUludağ University. Necatibey Teacher's Training School continued to train teachers between the years 1932 and 1982 under the name of Necati Institution of Education, left its 3-year status, received 4-year-Higher Teacher Training School status. In 1982, having been connected to Uludağ University, this foundation has been called Necatibey Faculty of Education.
In the same way, the name of Balıkesir School of Industry and Tourism has been changed as Balıkesir School of Tourism and Hotel Management, but the name of 2-year-Balıkesir Vocational School has remained the same. Having stayed under the roof of Uludağ University for 10 years, these foundations have formed a powerful background for Balıkesir University with healthy and consistent development.
Balıkesir is a city that has shores on theAegean andMarmara Seas. It is easy to reach fromAnkara,Istanbul,Bursa andİzmir by motorway or railway. There are regular coaches from Istanbul, Ankara and İzmir.[13]
Balıkesir has many small coastal towns. To make transportation comfortable, railway transport is done between Ankara-Balıkesir and İzmir-Balikesir at specific hours. Balıkesir is joined to Bursa and İzmir by a quality motorway.
Also, there is theKoca Seyit Airport. On account of the airport, Balıkesir Coach Terminal is out of the city so that there is servicing by the municipality to the city centre. On the other hand, the Railway Station is at Republica Square.
The economic base of the city is both agricultural and industrial. The biggest industrial enterprises areArı-Turyağ,Limak-Set Çimento,BEST,Mar-Tük,İşbir,Kula,Tellioğlu,Bu Piliç andYarış Kabin which are among the first thousand factories in Turkey as of 2008. Balıkesir city is also important for stock breeding. Surrounding the city, are numerous dairies. The city is also an agricultural centre. Wheat,sunflowers, sugar beets, and other vegetables in a front tomato and bean plantations have dense products. Traditional crops aremelon and grapes. Balıkesir with its districts is the 12th largest economy in the Turkish economy. Also, it is calledtheAnatolian Tigers.
Other main exports areolive-based products. It is also a destination for both domestic and foreign tourists, who use it as a base to explore the near countryside, especially nearbyMount Ida (Kaz Dağı).[14]
The city is well known withborax deposit. The largest global borax deposits known, many still untapped, are in Central and WesternTurkey, including the provinces ofEskişehir,Kütahya and Balıkesir. Besides,Turkey and theUnited States are the largest producers of boron products. Turkey produces about half of the global yearly demand with the known deposits which possesses 72% of the world.
Most known sports club in Balıkesir isBalıkesirspor which is established in 1966. Balıkesirspor is thefootball team played in theSüper Lig after achieving promotion having finished as runners-up of theTFF First League in2013–14. The team's previous promotion was 40 years before that. Their stadium, the all-seaterBalıkesir Atatürk Stadium, has a capacity of 13,732.[15]
The major memorial days of Balıkesir areHıdrellez, The Liberation Day and alsoThe Remembrance Day of Local Combat.
Hıdrellez is by tradition celebrated in the first week of May for those who live in Balıkesir. Today, it is the fulfillment of a religious ritual that is celebrated as a day of goodness. The night on the streets there is a fire, and one of the traditions is to jump over the fire seven times. That night going to such green and restful areas asDeğirmenboğazı andBalıkesir Park or near the religious area like tombs is also a ritual of Hıdrellez. People wish midnight and meet there. Accordingly, Hıdrellez day people have offerings. Drawing a picture of something that is desired to land or stone is determined. Individuals seeking goods put money into a red purse and hang it on a tree. On the other hand, those wishing for a baby type the name or draws baby figure on the ground. These rituals are traditions of Hıdrellez. One of the superstitions is that if someone takes a shower that night, he or she is protected from all diseases. Hıdrellez is a kind ofNewroz or Spring New Years.
18th-century Caucasian Kilim, likely from Balıkesir Province
The Liberation Day from the enemy occupation of Balıkesir is on the 6th of September 1922, which every year is celebrated as a local holiday. There is a celebration parade and celebratory ceremony, the ceremony takes place on Stadium Street. In the past, the previous night of the 6th of September, the main streets of Balıkesir were washed with eau de cologne which is an aromatic lily, because lilies are a symbol of Balıkesir. This festival is celebrated with great enthusiasm, as for two or three days, the people would come from nearby villages and districts to celebrate. On the morning of the first day of the celebrations, people coming into Balıkesir would picnic in advance of the festival, at Balıkesir Park. During the festival evening, a great torchlight procession is organized. TheTülüTabaklar show which is an important event unique to the city, is when people dressed up as the TülüTabaklar who were local heroes that resisted the enemies for 14 months during theTurkish War of Independence, as they were tanners and would dress up in goat or sheepskin with horsetails, chimney soot, bells and staff in order to present a frightening appearance.[17][18]
The Remembrance Day of Local Combat is calledKuvayi Milliye Haftası in Turkish which is organized between 16 and 23 May. The great success with 41 Balıkesirer people met at Alaca Mescit and they have managed the region such as a state and gained a military victory in 1922. 15 May 1919, after the capture of İzmir by the Greeks, Balıkesir is the first place in Turkey that the reaction of Balıkesir had shown by declared Redd-i Ilhak (Disclamation of Annexation). In 1919, the city ofBalikesir Congress was met five times.Greek soldiers on 30 June 1920 was occupied Balıkesir. By had openedAyvalik-İvrindi-Soma-Balikesir-front, Balıkesir had its liberation. Traditional folk dancers in Balikesir
Balıkesir's local cheese, calledKelle Peyniri, is known in European countries and exportedFrance,Germany andBritain. It is agranular type of cheese.Hoşmerim which is made from cheese and egg is the popular dessert of this city. Many old Turkmen dishes (likekeşkek, güveç, tirit, mantı, kaymaklı) are composed of Balıkesir cuisine.[19]
Etli çorba is another dish common in Balıkesir. It is similar to kelle paça (Khash) anddüğün çorbası, and is a calorie-dense soup with lots of fats and meat.
The main souvenir of the city islilycologne andhoşmerim. Balıkesir's Turkmen carpets (calledYağcıbedir) are another popular local good. Sındırgı is a region popular for the weaving of this Turkish carpets. The rugs of Yağcıbedir are among the most prized in the country.
Balıkesir is a historical folkloric dance source. Balıkesir's historical folkloric dance is most popular in Turkey and academical searching.[citation needed]Bengi,Guvende andBalikesir Zeybeği are a typical dance of this city. These dances' figures spread throughout Balıkesir plainness. Also, Balikesir'sballads are popular in Turkey.Akpınar, Mendili Oyaladım, Karyolamın Demiri are some ballads sing by women surround Balikesir city. Like these woman ballads, on the other hand, have dance figures in terms of traditional dancing. Although Balıkesir is an industrial region, traditional village culture is superb and deeply. So, for folk culture, Balıkesir is an important area in Turkey. Balıkesir's local dance came to first inNice folk festival joined 21 countries at 1958 be of value by European academical folklore authorities. Also, Balıkesir's localzeibek dance wasthe first zeibek participation from Turkey which had seen European folk authorities. Nowadays, Balıkesir folklore is chosen "intangible cultural heritage" of Turkey by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.
At 4:43 PM UTC (7:43 pm Istanbul time) on Sunday, 10 August 2025, a magnitude 6.1 earthquake struck the province, centered 10 km SSW ofBigadiç,[20] causing damage in the town ofSindirgi and surrounding villages, where sixteen buildings collapsed.[21]
