Abakery is an establishment that produces and sells flour-basedbaked goods made in an oven such asbread,cookies,cakes,doughnuts,bagels,pastries, andpies.[1] Some retail bakeries are also categorized ascafés, serving coffee and tea to customers who wish to consume the baked goods on the premises. In some countries, a distinction is made between bakeries, which primarily sell breads, andpâtisseries, which primarily sell sweet baked goods.
Baked goods have been around for thousands of years. The art of baking was very popular during theRoman Empire. It was highly famous art as Roman citizens loved baked goods and demanded them frequently for important occasions such as feasts and weddings. Because of the fame of the art of baking, around 300 BC, baking was introduced as an occupation and respectable profession for Romans. Bakers began to prepare bread at home in an oven, usinggrist mills to grind grain intoflour for their breads. The demand for baked goods persisted, and the firstbakers' guild was established in 168 BC inRome. The desire for baked goods promoted baking throughout Europe and expanded into eastern parts of Asia. Bakers started baking bread and other goods at home and selling them on the streets.[citation needed]
This trend became common, and soon, baked products were sold in streets of Rome, Germany, London, and more. A system of delivering baked goods to households arose as the demand increased significantly. This prompted bakers to establish places where people could purchase baked goods. The first open-air market for baked goods was established inParis, and since then bakeries have become a common place to purchase delicious goods and to socialize.[citation needed] On July 7, 1928, a bakery inChillicothe, Missouri introducedsliced bread using the automatic bread-slicing machine, invented byOtto Frederick Rohwedder. While the bread initially failed to sell, due to its "sloppy" aesthetic, and the fact it went stale faster, it later became popular.[2] InWorld War II bread slicing machines were effectively banned, as the metal in them was required for wartime use. When they were requisitioned, creating 100 tons of metal alloy, the decision proved very unpopular with housewives.[3]
World War II directly affected the bread industry in theUK. Baking schools closed during this time, so when the war ended there was a lack of skilled bakers. This resulted in new methods being developed to satisfy the world's desire for bread, including chemical additives, premixes and specialised machinery. Old methods of baking were almost completely eradicated when these new methods were introduced and the industry became industrialised. The old methods were seen as unnecessary and financially unsound. During this period there were not many traditional bakeries left.
Egg Tart (specialized baked goods)Carquinyolis, aCatalan variation ofbiscotti, made with whole or sliced almondsStrawberry Cupcakes (specialized baked goods)Hanna Partanen'skalakukko bakery inKuopio,Finland
Some bakeries provide services for special occasions (such as weddings, anniversaries, birthday parties, business networking events, etc.) or customized baked products for people who haveallergies or sensitivities to certain foods (such as nuts, peanuts, dairy or gluten, etc.). Bakeries can provide a wide range of cake designs such as sheet cakes, layer cakes, wedding cakes, tiered cakes, etc. Other bakeries may specialize in traditional or hand-made types of baked products made with locally milled flour, withoutflour bleaching agents orflour treatment agents, baking what is sometimes referred to asartisan bread.[1]
In many countries, many grocery stores and supermarkets sell "sliced bread" (prepackaged/presliced bread), cakes, and other pastries. They may also offer in-store baking, with products either fully baked on site or part-baked prior to delivery to store,[4] and some offer cake decoration.[5] Nonetheless, many people still prefer to get theirbaked goods from a small artisanal bakery, either out of tradition, the availability of a greater variety of baked products, or due to the higher quality products characteristic of the trade of baking.[1]
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